I. Education
Education is developed. From 65438 to 0973, nine-year free compulsory education was implemented.
In 2002, there were 3,520 schools with students of165438+8,000, including 279/kloc-0 primary schools with students of 679,000. There are 307 high schools with 69,000 students; Vocational schools 164, with students172,000; There are 5 comprehensive universities with 74,000 students; Normal University 153, Technical University, Agricultural University, Commercial University, Art University, Music University, students 104000.
The most famous institutions of higher learning are the University of Copenhagen (founded in 1479, with about 35,000 students in 2003 and ranked 5 1 in the latest world university ranking in 20 13QS) and the University of Aarhus (founded in 1928, with about 2/kloc students in 2003). In 2003, the national education budget was 310.7 billion kroner, accounting for about 2.2% of the GDP of that year.
Second, health.
All Danish citizens, regardless of their financial situation, can enjoy free services provided by the national medical system. Medical expenses are supported by state taxes. However, for dental care and other types of treatment not provided by other doctors or hospitals, individuals have to bear part of the expenses, and they can also reimburse them according to their own income.
Every Danish resident has a community doctor, who is responsible for providing advice on disease prevention, treating minor illnesses and confirming whether patients should receive professional examination. Residents with personal identification number (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and national medical and health insurance can get free emergency treatment.
In the Danish medical system, seeing a general practitioner is the first step to see a doctor. They are responsible for early examination and treatment, and if necessary, refer patients to specialists or hospitals.
Third, it is characterized by high welfare, high income, high taxes and high consumption.
Expenditure on social welfare (education, medical care, social security, housing, etc.) in 2002. ) was 395.889 billion kronor, accounting for 28.4% of the GDP of that year. In 2002, the per capita income was 2,265,438+800,000 kroner. In 2003, the number of unemployed people was about 17 10000. China has 9,400 doctors and 26,000 beds.
Private residence ownership rate is 53%, villa ownership rate is 1 1%, mobile phone usage rate is 68%, home computer ownership rate is 70%, and Internet access rate is 79%. There are 2.5 doctors, 740 washing machines, 575 televisions, 343 cars, 6 13 telephones and 0/20 fax machines per thousand people.
Measures to expand Danish information and promote enterprise innovation;
1, providing financial support for enterprise innovation
The Danish government has taken two concrete measures to provide financial support for innovation, one is to provide financial support for business development, and the other is to provide support for equity guarantee plan and company development plan.
The former was established in 1992, which mainly provides seed funds for commercial development. However, due to its unsatisfactory operation, 200 1 revised the relevant regulations, and made it clear that it would increase its support for new projects and new enterprises and operate the investment in a market-oriented way, such as adopting different equity and loan interest rates according to the project implementation.
The latter is mainly that the government provides 50% risk deposit for innovative projects and guides private enterprises to invest in innovative projects.
In order to support the activities of small enterprises in R&D, the Danish government has set up the "Danish Growth Fund" to provide seed capital for small innovative enterprises. So far, it has invested 2 billion kroner in start-up capital for R&D enterprises and attracted nearly 284 million kroner in bank-guaranteed loans.
In order to promote the healthy development of the growth fund, its scope of use was revised in 2004, allowing the fund to use its own capital to invest in new companies, so that the fund can get more benefits from successful commercial investment projects and engage in more venture capital projects.
2. Encourage enterprises to research and develop with tax incentives.
Denmark implements tax relief for enterprises' scientific research investment. According to the resolution passed by the parliament, the Danish government has formulated preferential policies for small and medium-sized enterprises, and put forward an action plan of "turning science into production" to strengthen public scientific research and direct cooperation between enterprises.
If small and medium-sized enterprises provide research funds and participate in cooperative projects of public research institutions, they can get a tax reduction of 150%, and the government will simplify administrative procedures to facilitate enterprises to apply and operate.
On April 5438+0, 2006, the Danish Parliament supplemented the tax bill. In order to encourage enterprises to invest in R&D, it is stipulated that private enterprises can enjoy a certain degree of tax relief for research funds invested in joint research with Danish public research institutions.
At the same time, in order to attract high-level researchers to engage in R&D, a 25% tax reduction plan is proposed, that is, researchers engaged in scientific research activities can reduce their personal income tax by 25% in the first three years. In addition, new regulations on the tax payment period of option and equity income have been issued, that is, tax can only be paid when dividend income is actually received, so as to encourage companies and researchers to participate in innovative research and development activities.
3. Use incubators to support entrepreneurship.
Denmark has established an innovation incubator since 1998, with the main goal of supporting innovation and entrepreneurship through incubation. In order to better enhance the commercialization ability of research results through innovation incubators, a new funding model has been established since 2002. The main measures are to improve the ability of incubators to attract more private capital and establish networks with universities and other research institutions.
The innovation incubator will provide public venture capital, enterprise development plan, market research, intellectual property protection and other services.
4. Strengthen innovation education.
The Danish government supports the establishment of the Danish Entrepreneur Institute to train a new generation of entrepreneurs. From June 5th to1October 5th, 2003, the Inter-Ministerial Committee put forward a motion to establish the Danish Academy of Enterprise Scholars, with the aim of strengthening the training and education of Danish young people in innovation, entrepreneurship and basic qualities of entrepreneurs.
The college will mainly include short-term, medium-term and long-term education at different levels, and cover the network of institutions with research and education capabilities and experience. The college will set up activity centers for enterprises, promote the capacity building of Danish education system, and make more students become entrepreneurs.
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