First, educate students with typical examples and cultivate students' good learning will.
Will is an important aspect of non-intellectual factors, and students' good will quality can strengthen and promote their intellectual development. In teaching, students are purposefully educated with vivid examples of words and deeds, and their tenacious learning will is cultivated. For example, it tells the stories of famous mathematicians in China, such as Hua and Chen Jingrun, and their success stories. It is pointed out that they can climb the peak of mathematics because they have strong perseverance, educate students to learn the valuable qualities of scientists, and cultivate their perseverance to overcome difficulties and study hard and tenaciously. In teaching, students are provided with opportunities for independent activities to overcome difficulties, and teachers actively inspire and induce them to explore ways and means to overcome difficulties independently through students' own efforts. At the same time, pay attention to cultivating students' self-control ability. Junior high school students are unstable in thinking, easy to divert interest and easy to be distracted in class. In class, constantly warn them by changing their eyes, expressions, gestures and voices or making necessary pauses, so that they can feel that they have been under the attention of the teacher, thus consciously controlling their attention. Some students are highly dependent and don't like to use their brains and copy their homework. They should be educated to realize that doing homework is a true record of the learning process and a consolidation of what they have learned. Although it is a long-term and arduous task to finish homework independently, it is good for learning, so that they can be good at controlling their bad behavior and "force" themselves to finish their homework independently on the basis of careful review and develop good self-control.
Second, stimulate students' interest in learning and arouse their enthusiasm for learning.
Interest is the best teacher. A strong interest in learning can make the brain in the most active state and enhance people's observation, attention, memory and thinking ability. Introduce some ancient and modern mathematical history or interesting mathematical knowledge combined with the content of the textbook to stimulate students' initiative and thirst for knowledge. Pay attention to the interest, exploration and application of fabricating teaching content, such as the story of Diao Fandu, an ancient Greek mathematician, using equations to solve application problems. When talking about the form of distance, we make our own parallelogram teaching aid, and use the instability of parallelogram to turn a parallelogram into a parallelogram with a right angle. Through demonstration and observation, the following questions are put forward for students to argue and explore: what kind of figure does a parallelogram become when its four sides remain unchanged? What happened to the parallelogram? (Angle), what hasn't changed? (edge). What is the definition of rectangle? What kind of quadrilateral is it? What special attributes do you have besides graphic attributes? A series of questions inspire students to think and explore actively. When talking about the positional relationship between two circles, students can see the changing process of the two circles' external separation-external cutting-intersection-internal cutting by using visual teaching AIDS and sports. Thus, five positional relationships between two circles are summarized, which enhances the intuition.
Third, use both hands and brains to cultivate students' hands-on operation ability.
Nowadays, junior high school students have excellent family conditions, parents arrange substitute classes, and their hands-on ability is poor, which brings obstacles to mathematics learning. In teaching, students are allowed to operate and make teaching AIDS, and intuitive thinking is raised to abstract thinking in the process of completing the operation. For example, when talking about the internal angle and theorem of a triangle, let each student prepare a triangle made of cardboard first, and let the students cut off the two angles of this triangle in class, and then put them together with the third angle to form a right angle. In this way, we can quickly find a way to prove the theorem. For example, when learning the judgment method of triangle congruence, guide students to start drawing experiments and cut two triangles with two included angles, two sides sandwiched in the middle and three corresponding sides respectively. By comparison, inspire students to sum up their own judgment theorems. By allowing students to participate in more practical activities, make teaching AIDS, hold objects with their own eyes and touch them with their own hands, they can deeply remember their characteristics, which not only enlivens the classroom atmosphere, but also broadens students' thinking.
Fourth, strengthen the guidance of learning the law and cultivate good study habits.
Students acquire knowledge and ability in the process of learning behavior. A certain learning behavior, repeated many times, will form certain learning habits, and forming good habits will benefit people for life. And bad habits will seriously affect students' mathematics learning and hinder the overall improvement of students' mathematics quality. Therefore, as long as students want to learn, optics is not enough, and they must also "learn". Pay attention to learning methods, improve learning efficiency, and change passivity into initiative. In teaching, we should pay attention to strengthening the guidance of mathematics learning methods, mainly adopting the following methods:
1, preparation method guidance.
Preview is a process that students explore, do, use their brains and read the text by themselves, which can cultivate students' reading and self-study ability. A preview outline should be arranged before class, so that students can read through the text first, then carefully read and understand the general content, define some marks of "marking" and "remembering", and mark the key sentences, keywords, concepts, formulas and theorems in the textbook, so that they can develop the habit of reading, marking and calculating while reading.
2. Guidance on listening methods.
Students are required to do "one expert and three moves" in class, that is, to concentrate on listening to the teacher's analysis of key and difficult points, listening to examples, thinking, analyzing and skills. Be diligent in thinking, actively raise your hand to speak, and dare to express your opinions. Do a good job in class exercises, listen carefully to the teacher's comments and after-class summary, and actively participate in teaching activities with your brain, hands and mouth.
3. Summarize the guidance of review methods.
In unit summary or term summary review, guide students to comprehensively summarize the contents of each knowledge point and chapter they have learned, pay attention to the old and new connection of knowledge, the front and back connection of knowledge, and the horizontal connection of knowledge, and write a concise summary to make knowledge systematic, organized and thematic. Solve some exercises of various types and grades selectively, so that students can master the laws and methods of solving various problems and consolidate what they have learned.
4. Cultivate students' quasi-accelerated computing ability.
Mathematics is a subject with high requirements for operation, and operation ability is one of the basic abilities that students should have. Students use mental arithmetic more in primary school, but in junior high school mathematics stage, the difficulty and steps of the corresponding operation have increased, and there are often errors caused by mental arithmetic without writing, such as one-step error and one-step error. Some students often "look" at the problem and are too lazy to start work. In the long run, the speed of doing problems will slow down, leading to a decline in ability. In teaching, we should first pay attention to the training and guidance of operation, educate students who make mistakes in exercises or exams, make them feel "heartbroken" when they lose them, let students insist on writing, draft when calculating, and organically combine mental arithmetic with written arithmetic, which can greatly improve the accuracy of operation and reduce mistakes. Secondly, we should strengthen the limited training of operation, such as five-minute evaluation, improve the speed of operation and cultivate students' good operating habits.
In short, while doing a good job in teaching reform, we should also pay attention to the cultivation of students' non-intellectual factors, arouse students' enthusiasm for learning mathematics, enable students to master scientific learning methods, develop their ability to acquire mathematical knowledge independently, and comprehensively improve their mathematical ability and quality.
refer to
Cultivation of Non-intelligence Factors in Wu Changxing's Mathematics Teaching: Middle School Mathematics Research +0999.7
Peng Jianping junior high school students' mathematics learning methods guide and explore middle school mathematics research 2000.2.
Excerpts from mathematics teaching