The essence of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought can be summarized as one theory, three principles, four spirits and five propositions. ?
One theory is life education theory, which is the name of Tao Xingzhi's educational thought. The three principles are: life is education, society is school, and teaching and learning are integrated. Life is education, which is the ontology of life education theory, also called the theory of origin. Tao Xingzhi believes that education comes from life and advocates that education should rely on life and transform life. Society is the school, which is the place theory of life education theory. It is believed that society itself is a big school, and education should rely on the strength of society to meet the needs of society. The integration of teaching and learning is the methodology of life education theory. It is believed that teaching methods, learning methods and practice are inseparable in life. Advocating how to do things, students should learn how; Teachers should teach students how to learn. Both teaching methods and learning methods come from practice and are unified in practice.
These four spirits are: the great love spirit of "loving the whole world"; The dedication of "holding a heart without half a blade of grass"; The creative spirit of "dare to explore new ideas that have not been invented and dare to enter the frontier of uncivilized"; The truth-seeking spirit of "teaching thousands of people to seek truth and learning thousands of things to be a man"
These five propositions are: doing is the beginning of knowing, working hard, teaching people to teach themselves, that is, knowing is spreading, and getting rid of it. Doing is the beginning of understanding, which is Tao Xingzhi's philosophical thought. He believes that knowledge comes from practice and practice is the foundation of knowledge. Working hard at work, teaching yourself by teaching others and passing on what you know are all concrete teaching methods. Worrying about work means advocating both hands and brains; Teach yourself by teaching others, that is, advocate teaching and learning; That is to say, knowledge is inherited, which is to advocate teaching with learning. Six Emancipations are the embodiment of Tao Xingzhi's creative education thought and democratic education thought, which can be understood as the teaching principle of life education theory. The six liberations are to liberate children's heart, hands, mouth, eyes, time and space, and to liberate children's creativity.
Tao Xingzhi said: the focus of new teachers is not teaching, but guiding students how to learn. For education, we should have faith, responsibility, empathy, pioneering spirit and experimental spirit.
1, new teachers should have faith.
Tao Xingzhi said that teachers should establish "no fame, no profit, as long as education is good;" Not afraid of difficulties, not afraid of death, afraid of poor education. The joy of education lies in "fools, I gain wisdom;" Young man, I want to grow up; When the sun goes down, I create every day. "
2. New teachers should have a sense of responsibility
Tao Xingzhi believes that the responsibility of educators is to "live up to opportunities, use opportunities, find opportunities with telescopes, and seize opportunities with sensitive hands." Through the influence of knowledge and the power of supervision, create an active exploration journey for students to stimulate interest and open wisdom.
3. The new teacher should have empathy.
Teachers should have "childlike innocence", so as to enter the children's world and discover their potential creativity. If a teacher refuses to consult students with an open mind, he won't know the environment, abilities and needs of students, so he can't teach students. Education should be student-centered, and educators should "be happy with students' happiness and worry about students' worries".
4. New teachers should have pioneering spirit.
Tao Xingzhi, a first-class educator, said, "First, dare to explore new ideas that have not been invented; The other is to dare to enter the uncivilized frontier. Dare to explore new ideas that have not been invented is the spirit of innovation. Don't stick to the rules, be brave in practice and exploration. Dare to enter the uncivilized frontier is the pioneering spirit. Radiate one's own educational practice experience to others or other regions to promote the balanced development of education.
New teachers should have experimental spirit.
Guiding students to study hard is always the most important task of teachers. Tao Xingzhi believes that there are three conditions to guide students to study hard: first, eager teachers and classmates; The second is a tool that can be learned; The third is the supervision that must be learned. Teachers' words and deeds play a decisive role in the growth of students, and teachers themselves should have a clear understanding of this.
freshman
1, the meaning of the word "student" Tao Xingzhi said: the meaning of the word "learn" is to learn by yourself, not to sit and be taught; The word "life" means life or survival. Putting the two words together means learning to live independently and learning the way to live.
2. The whole life is every move in the daily learning process, and we are trying to lead ourselves to the noblest, most complete and most spiritual students, that is, the freshmen in Tao Xingzhi's eyes. Whether in the classroom at school, in various activities after class, or at home, you are learning.
3. There should be three elements. Tao Xingzhi believes that freshmen should have a healthy body: take physical fitness as an important thing and actively implement it; Have an independent mind: don't listen to others, and have the quality of making judgments based on facts; Have independent professional consciousness: you can gradually find the connection between your interests and your career in diversified practice, rather than deciding what to study according to your exam results.
4. Cultivate student autonomy in schools Tao Xingzhi pointed out that there are three main points of student autonomy in schools: First, all students participate in classes and schools, that is, they manage themselves. The third is to imitate the socialized environment and implement autonomy. Putting these three points together is "students form groups and learn to manage themselves".
Tao Xingzhi emphasized that students' autonomy should be done as a major event, studied as a science and appreciated as an art.
New school
1, the positioning of the new school The ideal new school is: take life as the center, not just work hard on books; Teachers and students live together and influence each other; Take health as the starting point of life and education; Not only the school education should be tireless, but also the teaching staff should be tireless; Schools must be closely linked with social life; Teachers and students of the whole school should jointly transform the school environment with artistic spirit; Everyone should have a noble spirit of life.
2. The new school should be student-oriented and "student-oriented". Many times we just talk about it and don't really care about the students. Tao Xingzhi said: "The standard of a school is not how the school building and equipment are, but whether the students are full of vitality."
Parents are willing to send their children to school. In Tao Xingzhi's view, the key to a good school lies in whether parents are really willing to send their children to school. This is an important indicator to measure whether a school is a new school. The new school should dare to welcome everyone to visit and criticize.
The function of new education The function of new education is: first, to improve personal nature; Second, cultivate the good habit of teamwork; Third, inherit excellent culture; Fourth, to achieve teachers' own career, so that teachers feel that lifelong education is supreme and are willing to calm down and do it well.
The purpose of new education
The purpose of Tao Xingzhi's advocacy of new education is to cultivate "independent", "self-improvement" and "automatic" citizens. "Autonomy means self-confidence and responsibility for one's actions." "Self-reliance" means being able to support oneself without relying on others. "automation" is one's own initiative, an inner expression of one's heartfelt will and the joy of the world.
The standard of new education
Tao Xingzhi believes that there are three basic standards to measure whether the education you are engaged in is a new education: First, "rehabilitate" and embark on your own educational reform according to your own reality. The second is "continuous innovation", and the reform and exploration of education should be done every day. Third, it is "brand new". The new education should be new in form and thought. If there is still an existing educational tradition in the bones, just doing some superficial articles can't be called new education.