Thinker, essayist, poet. 1803 was born in a pastor's family in Boston on May 25th. 1882 died in Concord, Massachusetts on April 27th. /kloc-graduated from Harvard College at the age of 0/7. /kloc-entered Harvard theological seminary in 0/826 and was allowed to preach the following year. 1828 became the pastor of the second church in Boston, belonging to the only dominant monotheistic Sect in New England at that time. Later, because he disapproved of some teachings of this sect, he gave up his priesthood, traveled to Europe in 1833, visited the pioneers of romantic movements such as Landau, Coleridge and Wordsworth, and became close friends with Carlisle, deeply influenced by Kant's transcendental philosophy. After returning to China, he published the book Nature on 1836, which contains almost all the seeds of his important thoughts. 1837 On August 30th, Emerson delivered a speech entitled "On American Scholars" in the American Students' Union, attacking the phenomenon that money worship and capitalist division of labor alienated people into things in American society and emphasizing the value of people. It is pointed out that the task of scholars is to reveal the truth freely and bravely from the skin, so as to inspire, improve and guide people; He called for national pride and opposed blindly following foreign theories. This speech was a sensation and had a great influence on the rise of American national culture. It was praised by Holmes as "our declaration of independence in thought".
1On July 5th, 838, Emerson delivered a famous speech entitled "Speech at the Theological Seminary" at Cambridge Theological Seminary, which was protested and attacked by Calvinists and the only sect in New England. Emerson's philosophical thought maintains the positive elements of the monotheistic school's emphasis on human value, and at the same time absorbs European idealism transcendentalism and develops into a transcendentalist view. Its basic starting point is to oppose authority and cherish intuition; Its core is to advocate that people can transcend feeling and reason and directly know the truth. This view is helpful to break the shackles of theology and foreign dogma at that time, establish national culture, embody the spirit of the times, and provide theoretical basis for the development of American political democracy and economic capitalism.
From 1836, Emerson, alcott, ripley and others met irregularly in Concord to discuss "the bad situation of theology and philosophy", which can be said to be the starting point of the Transcendentalism movement. They founded the quarterly Japanese Regulations (1840- 1844), published literary works and advocated educational, ethical and political reforms. Emerson was the chief editor and the main representative of transcendentalism.
Emerson's works are mostly prose, and his important works are On Self-help and On Oversoul, which are included in Essays (184 1) and Essays: The Second Series (1844) respectively. Two volumes of poetry were published in 1847 and 1867 respectively. There are also representative figures (1850) and English figures (1856).
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