2, the industry is diligent and barren. -Han Yu's "Learning Solution"
3, an inch of time and an inch of gold, an inch of gold is hard to buy. -"Augmented Sage"
4, Tian Xingjian, the gentleman is constantly striving for self-improvement. -"Zhou Xiang"
5, ambition is not strong, wisdom can not be achieved. -"Mozi, cultivate one's morality" famous saying.
6. Green, taken from shine on you; Ice and water are cooler than water. -"Xunzi, Encourage Learning"
7. Be ambitious. -Zhuge Liang's Ten Commandments of Exogenous Factors
Her husband is ambitious, but Wan Li is still close to her neighbors. -Cao Zhi's "Give a White Horse to Wang Biao"
9. Where there is a will, there is a way. -Biography of Geng in the Later Han Dynasty
1 1, once you climb to the top, you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ...-Du Fu's "Looking at Yue"
12, cold, and then know the pine and cypress withering. -"The Analects of Confucius Zi Han"
Famous sayings are a vocabulary in Chinese, and pinyin is míng yán, which basically means very famous words. Famous words are usually said by people with names. From Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu to Ouyang Xiu's Returning to the Field.
2. Enlighten students' famous sayings and ancient prose, preferably with the source 1. Young people don't work hard, but old people are sad.
-Han Yuefu's ancient poem "Long Songs" 2. Diligence is good at diligence, but play is poor. -Han Yu's "Learning Solution" 3. An inch of time and an inch of gold are hard to buy.
-"Augmented Scholar" 4. Gentleman, self-improvement. -"Zhou Xiang" Volume 5. Not strong is not wise.
-"Mozi's self-cultivation" famous sentence 6, green, take it from blue, green is blue; Ice and water are cooler than water. -"Xunzi Persuasion" 7. Be ambitious.
-Zhuge Liang's Ten Exogenous Commandments 8. Wan Li is near. -"Give a White Horse to Wang Biao" by Cao Zhi 9. Where there is a will, there is a way.
-The Biography of Han Geng in the Later Han Dynasty 1 1, once you climb to the top of the mountain and peep, you will see that other mountains are dwarfed under the sky ...-Du Fu's "Looking at Yue" 12, only when the years are cold do you know that pines and cypresses are dying.
-Zi Han, the famous saying of the Analects of Confucius, is a Chinese vocabulary, and its pinyin is míng yán, which basically means a very famous sentence. Famous sayings are usually said by a person with a name. From Liu Yiqing's Shi Shuo Xin Yu to Ouyang Xiu's Returning to the Field.
3. What ancient texts are there to encourage learning?
Ancient scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will be confused and you will never understand. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After I was born, I studied Taoism first, so I studied Taoism. I am a teacher, and I don't know that years were born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers.
Ha ha! It's been a long time since the teacher passed on the Tao! It's hard to be confused! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will feel ashamed and confused. The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The families of the scholar-officials called their teacher disciple Yun, and they got together and talked and laughed. When asked, he said, "He is almost the same as that year, and in the same way. Humble and shameful, officials are close. " Oh! Obviously, the teacher's path has gone. Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing!
Saint impermanence teacher. Confucius studied under Tan Zi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all.
Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can follow the ancient road and write Shi Shuo to make it last forever.
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People who studied in ancient times must have teachers. Teachers are used to impart truth, teach research and answer difficult questions. People are not born to understand reason, who can have no doubts? With doubts and not learning from teachers, those who become difficult problems will never solve them. Born before me, he understood the truth earlier than me, so I followed him and worshipped him as a teacher. If the person born after me understands the truth earlier than me, I will follow him and worship him as a teacher. I learned the truth from him. Who cares if he is older or younger than me? Therefore, no matter high or low, no matter young or old, the place where Tao exists is the place where teachers exist.
Alas! It's been a long time since the fashion of learning from teachers, and it's hard for people not to doubt it! Ancient saints, far beyond the average person, have to ask the teacher for advice (he is not a pronoun); Nowadays, ordinary people are far less clever than saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers. Therefore, saints are wiser and fools are more ignorant. Is this probably the reason why saints become saints and fools become fools? Love your child and choose a teacher to teach him. But for himself, learning from the teacher is shameful and puzzling! Those children's teachers, who teach them to read and learn sentences from books, are not teachers who teach truth and solve problems. I don't know whether to ask the teacher when reading sentences, but I don't want to ask the teacher because I have doubts that I can't solve. We should learn the small aspects, but give up the big ones. I didn't see his understanding. Witch doctors, musicians and craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. People like scholar-officials get together and laugh at him when they hear others calling him "teacher" and "disciple". You ask them (why are you laughing) and say, "He is about his age and knows the same thing. It is enough to be ashamed to learn from people with low status; Taking an official as a teacher is considered close to flattery. " Hey! The road to seeking a teacher is hard to recover, you can know! Witch doctors, musicians, craftsmen, these people, the gentleman disdain to mention, and now their wisdom is not comparable to these people, which is really strange!
? Sages have no fixed teachers. Confucius studied under Zanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. These people are not as talented as Confucius. Confucius said, "If several people walk together, there must be someone who can be my teacher." Therefore, students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily more talented than students. There are early days and late days to accept the truth, and we have our own specialties in knowledge and skills, that's all.
Pan, the Li family's child, is seventeen years old this year. He likes classical Chinese, and the classics of Six Arts are generally studied. He is not ashamed of the worldly limitations of learning from me. I admire him for helping the ancients and writing his teacher's notes.
4. How to encourage students and how to motivate them to learn classical Chinese?
Classical Chinese is a boring style for many students, but it is also a hard bone for teachers. Stimulating students' interest in learning classical Chinese is of great help to classical Chinese teaching. Let me talk about my own views on my teaching experience.
First, give priority to reading
Reading aloud into reciting can cultivate students' sense of language, and reading the text well can clear some obstacles in classroom learning. So in class, my focus is not translation, but reading. First of all, teachers should demonstrate reading. Before the last classical Chinese, the teacher should pay attention to the pronunciation of each word, the pause of the sentence and so on. For example, in The Fish I Want, there are many words worthy of attention. For example, "Today is a beauty in the palace", the first "Wei" means "Wei", the fourth sound should be pronounced, and the second "Wei" means "doing". If you don't think about it, it's easy to mispronounce. Another example is "Model", "The first emperor's business was not half finished/and the middle road collapsed. Today/the world is three points, Yizhou is exhausted, and it is also sincere/critical. " When reading aloud, we should correctly handle the semantic pause in the sentence on the basis of understanding the author's feelings. When the teacher first read it, he left me the impression that this article should be read like this. If there is a recording, you can play it and then the teacher will read it. The teacher reads one sentence and the students read one sentence. Students like this reading method best. It is best to read the short passage twice and the long passage once, so that students can have an overall perception of the text. Generally speaking, I finished this link in the early reading or late reading. In this way, students can read freely in the remaining time after reading. In this way, in class, students are already quite familiar with the reading of the text and will not feel strange. Or the phenomenon of jamming when reading in groups. In class, I am in no hurry to translate. Instead, I ask them to read a sentence three or four times before reciting it, and then find out the difficult words and add notes, so that students not only have a deeper impression on the difficult words, but also can translate the sentences smoothly. Students will have a sense of accomplishment. Ask questions in class, the teacher will praise them appropriately, and the students' enthusiasm will be higher. For longer articles, focus on key paragraphs and turn other paragraphs over. After learning this passage, students can read it well even if they can't recite it, and the words, names and paragraphs are clearly understood. Students feel eager to learn, and their interest naturally comes up. Although it takes a little longer, students can understand the text clearly, which is better than rote learning.
Second, the combination of text and historical stories.
Most classical Chinese are related to the history at that time. Before the lecture, I contact the historical background and talk about relevant historical knowledge, which can greatly stimulate students' interest in learning classical Chinese. For example, Zhuge Liang's "A Model", when I studied this article, was in the multimedia classroom. I first showed a segment of the TV series Romance of the Three Kingdoms to let students know the background of this article from the senses, and the students were very interested. It is much easier to learn this article in this way.
My test means is dictation. After learning each text, I will spend some time dictating. The purpose is to check students' listening efficiency and review effect. Dictation has everything. Including the author, new words, words and sentences in the text, and the enlightenment from the theme reflected in the text. Especially the translation of annotations is the most important. Sometimes during the lecture, I will deliberately "miss" some questions to the students, such as key sentences and words. I will simply say, "I will take the exam here when I dictate." So that they can consciously remember those key points. They can write fluently when they dictate. In this way, they will find it easy to study. Then when I send back the dictation book, I will praise the good students without stint. Those who make progress should also be praised by name, so that they can have face in front of their classmates. In order to participate in learning more actively. Poor students will be punished, and copying the text once or twice will be punished. Doing so is not only a punishment for lazy people, but also a spur to diligent scholars. Form a positive and enterprising learning atmosphere among students. If students study purposefully, they won't find ancient Chinese boring.
Third, learn to use ambiguous sentences to mobilize the classroom atmosphere.
In ancient Chinese teaching, jokes can enliven the boring classroom atmosphere. When I was studying the text of Stomatology, I translated a sentence for my classmates: "A woman caressed her child's breast and their child cried." As a result, some students translated it into "a woman stroking her son's nipple and his son cried." I really can't help laughing. I didn't scold the student, but told him to pay attention to rationality when translating sentences. When I read this sentence, the whole class burst into laughter. After laughing, I tell you that if you don't pay attention to rationality when translating sentences, you will make such jokes. While laughing, the students realized the problems that should be paid attention to when translating sentences, which not only stimulated their interest, but also enabled them to learn the relevant essentials of translation.
There are many ways to improve students' interest in learning classical Chinese. The key is that teachers are good at accumulating and summing up experience in the teaching process.
5. In order to learn, a classical Chinese used to inspire people to study extensively.
Peng Qing Duan Shu
Is it difficult to do things in the world? For it, it is easy and difficult; If you don't do it, it's hard for easy people. Is it difficult for people to learn? Learned, difficult people will be easy; If you don't learn, it will be difficult for easy people. I am too faint to catch people, and I am too incompetent to catch people; Learn once and for a long time, but don't be lazy, you will achieve it, but you don't know its vagueness and mediocrity. I am smart, I am smart, I am smart, I am smart; Abandoning it is tantamount to fainting and mediocrity. The way of being a saint was handed down by Lu. However, it is both stupid and clever. How can it be common? There are two monks in Shu: one is poor and the other is rich. The poor man said to the rich man, "What do I want in the South China Sea?" The rich man said, "Why should I go?" Yue: "I have a bottle and a bowl." The rich man said, "I have always wanted to buy a boat for many years, but I have never been able to buy it." Why go! "In the second year, the poor will come back from the South China Sea to tell the rich, and the rich will be ashamed. I don't know how many miles it takes to go to the South China Sea in Xishu, but rich monks can't go and poor monks can't go. People's aspirations are not as good as humble monks. Therefore, cleverness and sensitivity can be relied on, but they cannot be relied on; He who thinks he is smart and agile, but not a scholar, has lost himself. Confusion and mediocrity can be limited but not limited; Don't limit yourself to mediocrity. People who are tireless in machinery are also self-reliant.
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Is there a difference between hard and easy things in the world? As long as you are willing to do it, the difficult things will become easy; If you don't do it, the easy things will become difficult. Is there a difference between learning difficultly and learning easily? As long as you study, the difficult will become easy; If you don't study, it will be easy and difficult. I am too stupid to catch up with others; I am mediocre and can't catch up with others. Keep studying every day and never slacken off for a long time. When I succeed, I don't know if I am really stupid or really mediocre. I am talented and superior to others; I am quick-thinking and superior to others. If I abandon it, it will be no different from a stupid and mediocre person. Confucius' knowledge was finally handed down by Zeng Shen, who was not very clever. In this case, does the function of stupidity, mediocrity, cleverness and agility exist forever? There are two monks on the border of Sichuan, one is poor and the other is rich. The poor monk said to the rich monk, "I want to go to the South China Sea. What do you think? " The rich monk said, "Why do you go?" The poor monk said, "I just need a water bottle and a rice bowl." The rich monk said, "I have been trying to rent a boat down the river for many years, but I haven't succeeded yet." What makes you go! "The next year, the poor monk came back from the South China Sea and told the rich monk that he had been to the South China Sea. The rich monk showed his shame. Sichuan is far from the South China Sea. I don't know how many miles it is. The rich monk couldn't arrive, but the poor monk arrived. Isn't a person who is determined to study worse than that poor monk on the Sichuan border? Therefore, cleverness and agility can be relied on, but not relied on; Those who rely on their own cleverness and agility and don't study hard ruin themselves. Stupidity and mediocrity can be limited or not; Those who study tirelessly without being limited by their own stupidity and mediocrity learn by themselves.