Why did the education of "losing at the starting line" make Germany respected by the whole world and won half of the Nobel Prize? What is the education like in Germany?
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The Core of German Kindergarten: Making Rules
Kindergartens in Germany always have many regulations, regardless of age, which must be implemented according to the regulations.
Don't climb the table, don't play with food or eat while walking, don't put a knife in your mouth, don't hit people, don't bring home toys to kindergarten, and take as much as you eat. ...
Even for parents, there are a series of rules:
Must be sent to the kindergarten about 15 minutes in advance every day, leaving time for warm-up before meals;
Once you enter kindergarten, you can't control your children. You must let them go.
After kindergarten school, children must leave immediately after receiving it and cannot stay;
It's better to adjust the dinner time, eat at six and wash and sleep at seven.
Parents have the courage to say no, even if she is lying on the ground, it is good for adults to walk away;
……
It can be said that "establishing rules" is the core of German kindergartens. On the issue of principle, German teachers will definitely say Nein (no), and they will resolutely implement it without consultation.
There is a description that summarizes the purpose of making rules from an early age:
With the boundary, everything is easy to say, and the child's character will become rational and strictly abide by the rules. With parents' repeated training in correct behavior and ideological education of understanding and reasoning, it will become natural over time, and children will take it as their responsibility to abide by these rules.
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Hunling kindergarten
Many kindergartens in Germany adopt mixed-age system. For example, there may be ten-year-old children or three-year-old children in a class.
Although it seems difficult to manage, in mixed-age kindergartens, children of different ages have different activity time. This collocation also better distributes the responsibilities of teachers.
For this system, parents are most worried about the potential threat of bullying. However, it turns out that older children have many natural opportunities to exercise leadership and take care of the weak in the mixed-age environment, which is very helpful to develop their social skills, emotional intelligence and empathy. Children also unconsciously follow the footsteps of older children and look at older children.
Mixed-age classes are like a small society. The junior "weak" and the senior "strong" should learn to get along. In interpersonal communication with uneven strength, it is a compulsory course for everyone to find a suitable position by using their own advantages and characteristics, and the sooner they start, the better. Mixed-age classes just provide such an environment that simulates the real society.
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Sex education of system specialty
In kindergarten education in Germany, parents are also the target. In a book that teaches parents how to talk about "sex" with their children, it writes:
Children have learned about sex from the media and friends around them before they receive formal sex education classes (German primary schools are usually in the fourth grade). The older the child is, the more important the information source and guidance are. Do you want your child to explore himself or can you actively guide him?
And most importantly, if your child brings up a topic about sex, you should tell him as soon as possible, briefly and in line with his age characteristics. This is a very clear signal to children. If you have similar questions, you can always ask your parents. Never tell your child, you will understand when you are young.
Early sex education in Germany has a clear time division, and how old children should receive sex education.
In China, the topic of children's sex education is gradually put on the table because of various events. At this time, I have to sigh that Germany is advanced and mature in this respect.
German kindergartens will also prepare a set of jigsaw puzzles to help children better understand the body structure.
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Learning social emotion
Many kindergartens in Germany have "social emotional learning courses" to help children develop social relations and strengthen their self-awareness. Does it sound abstract?
Rules of "Social Emotional Learning Curriculum" posted in kindergartens;
Sit quietly;
Listen and don't disturb others;
Please raise your hand if you want to say something.
In fact, kindergarten teachers will talk a lot about emotions with children in class, guide children to understand "social emotions" and solve problems in life in a more positive way. The course will be divided into different stages, involving emotional training, emotional management and so on.
In the process of playing and talking, children can understand and dredge themselves and understand and accept others.
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Young and full of ceremony.
When the children of German families want to go to school, the whole family often takes an active part in the celebration. The "worship of admission" in primary schools is a bigger ceremony. This ceremony is no less significant in Germany than Christmas Eve.
The ceremony was held in the church with a solemn atmosphere. The children sat in the front row with "entrance speakers" and received everyone's blessings. There are no cheerful children's songs, no exaggerated jumps, and no one deliberately maintains the discipline of the audience. Priests and priests presided over the audience and led the singing with the simplest instruments. Parents follow suit and bless their children in what they think is the most sacred place.
At the service meeting, the children were warmly welcomed, which not only made them enter the role faster, but also made them come to the primary school with trust in the kindergarten teacher and then delivered them to the primary school teacher. Its significance lies not only in primary school students, but also in the parents of skeptical freshmen.
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Walk to school alone
German primary schools will remind parents to avoid "parent taxis" to pick up primary school students. Seeing this, everyone must be worried about security issues, but Germany has run a series of mature programs in this regard.
The famous German Automobile Association will train children in walking to school on the safety of traffic rules, and teach children who are about to go to school to understand the relationship between cars and roads, pedestrians and traffic rules. The police station will send a Commissioner to the kindergarten to give the children a demonstration lesson on how to deal with the various behaviors of strangers.
Social organizations will also hold lectures to teach parents how to lead their children through the stage of walking to school alone. The school will also give the child a small yellow vest with silver stripes. A child who goes to school alone, especially in the lower grades, is not tall and suddenly walks out of the parked car. Especially when it is dark in winter, clothes with reflective strips are conspicuous. As long as the lights are swept away, they can shake and know that there are students in front.
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An afternoon of free growth
German education has strict regulations, but it is also loosely managed. It is advocated that children should be encouraged to explore their interests and development direction on the basis of adhering to principled issues.
In the first and second grades of primary schools in Germany, students only receive half a day's classroom education at school, usually ending at around 1 in the afternoon.
In full-time primary schools, children can be taken care of without leaving school, while in half-day primary schools, children must leave school and go to the Hort set up by kindergartens to take care of primary school students or the Schulkinderhaus near the school. Of course, some parents don't send their children to foster care institutions.
What are the pupils doing in the afternoon?
Of course, it is necessary to finish homework. But it won't take long.
The focus is on the interest classes in the hosting center, which are generally divided into four categories: sports, art, handicrafts and natural science. In the process of groping, children in the upper grades of primary schools can often settle down to one or two hobbies of their own, and also have relatively distinct personality characteristics. Whether it is quiet or active, literature or technology, children's "specialization" is often based on various scattered attempts in the early stage.
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The most important course: reading.
Pupils are still in the stage of needing proper guidance, and German primary schools usually give parents advice:
Reading sets an example, and children will follow the gourd painting gourd ladle;
Accompany your child to read the picture book and ask some interesting and simple questions;
Take the children to the bookstore to choose books;
Fill in the "Reading Card" and let parents listen to their children read aloud and sign their names.
As the country with the densest bookstores in the world, 90% of Germans read at least one book every year, which is also well-intentioned during the critical period from parent-child reading to guiding children to read independently. From picture books to higher-level books, Germany has established a large number of rich graded reading systems to help children read from small systems, covering a wide range.
In Germany, there are several particularly famous graded reading series, such as Bücherb. R book bear, Leserabe read crow, Lesel? Have we read about lions, Lesser? Tsel Reading Mystery and Duden Duden's Leseprofi Professional Reading.
Martin Luther king, the leader of the American black civil rights movement, said: "the prosperity of a country does not depend on the wealth of its treasury, the firmness of its castle or the gorgeous public facilities;" This depends on the civilized quality of her citizens, that is, the education, foresight and character of the people. This is the real interest and real strength. "