Chen Jianji
School-based management (school? ISM (Based management for short) is a new educational management model that appeared in the western school reform movement in 1980s, and it has exerted great influence in the field of educational management abroad. In the past decade or two, some schools have operated school management under the guidance of this new management concept and achieved good results. Now, people are working hard to popularize this idea so that it can play a greater role in the school education reform.
The most basic definition of school-based management is to delegate power to schools. "Decentralization" means that the education authorities give the school more power and freedom, decide the allocation of resources according to the school's own situation, and implement reforms in the school's financial budget, curriculum setting, textbook selection, and school personnel decision-making. Its purpose is to reform the school management system, optimize educational resources and improve the quality of education. School-based management is a way of collective management of school resources. The collective members are as follows: the school committee, the school supervisor, the headmaster, teachers, community members and students.
At present, the concept of "school-based management" has penetrated into the hearts of educational administrators and achieved certain results in this regard. Considering that this new management mode has certain reference significance and the possibility of popularization in China, it is introduced here.
In the past, school management was dominated by "external control", which made the school system extremely huge and complicated; The management mode of "external control" also makes the school lack the corresponding adaptability and can't keep up with the needs of the times. These factors have caused great difficulties to school management.
In the past few decades, the administrative power of schools is not in the hands of principals, teachers, parents of students and some community members who should have power, but mainly in the hands of some educational administrative institutions. Educational administrative institutions not only control the formulation of some educational policies, but also control the daily management power of some schools, such as teaching, finance, curriculum management and so on. The educational administrative organization is ultimately responsible for the decision-making in education and teaching. In this way, the whole education system has not only become highly centralized and bureaucratic, but also the whole school system has become extremely large and complex.
In the traditional education management mode, the main principle of school operation is to meet the requirements of higher education administrative departments, act in accordance with the above provisions, and strive not to violate the rules. However, in the face of the changes of the times and the increasing expectations of society for education, with the past management methods, schools can not flexibly make corresponding countermeasures to meet the new needs, because the adaptability of schools is limited by many rigid rules.
Under the traditional school management mode, the utilization efficiency of school resources is extremely low. Although the principal is the most direct person in charge of school education, he has little power in the use of resources and is subject to higher education administrative institutions everywhere. The administrative institutions of higher education are not faced with students every day and can't understand the needs of students in all aspects, but they are the decision makers of resource utilization. The responsibilities of principals are not clearly defined, and they don't need to bear too much responsibility for the mistakes in resource utilization. Under the mutual influence of these factors, resources can not be effectively utilized, the real needs of students can not be met, and the quality of education can not be guaranteed.
When the whole school system becomes extremely large and complex, school management is not so easy. In the huge school education system, according to the management concept of "external control", there will be many problems in the implementation of education management. To solve these problems, decentralization should be feasible and the only way. In order to improve efficiency, school management should change from "external control" to "internal control". In this transformation, the role of higher education administrative institutions should be mainly the makers of various policies and legal systems, and their past work of supervising schools can be weakened accordingly. In this way, the power of school management can be delegated to schools from higher education administrative institutions, and principals will gain greater decision-making power and flexibility. These changes will make the school have greater initiative, play and adaptability.