Model essay on agricultural policies and regulations 1: Reflections on the teaching methods of rural policies and regulations Abstract: It is particularly important for leading cadres engaged in agriculture and rural work to learn, master and effectively implement the basic policies and laws in rural areas of China, which will greatly promote the construction of new socialist countryside.
Keywords: rural policies and regulations; Teaching methods; Teachers' professional quality; Teaching effect
In order to consolidate and strengthen the basic position of agriculture in the national economy, deepen rural reform, develop agricultural productivity, promote agricultural modernization, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations, increase farmers' income, improve farmers' scientific and cultural quality, and promote the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way in agriculture and rural economy, the Agricultural Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) was promulgated and implemented on March 1 2003, which laid the primary position of agriculture in national economic development. Since 2004, China has locked the No.1 Document of the Central Committee for nine consecutive years? Policies and regulations on agriculture, rural areas and farmers' development have been promulgated continuously, which has effectively promoted the rapid and stable development of China's agriculture. Linxia Agricultural School was upgraded to? The ability and level of agriculture, rural areas and farmers' service, constantly change the working ideas, change the single secondary school education into the trinity model of agricultural secondary school education, adult continuing education and farmers' short-term training, and take rural policies and regulations as one of the main courses. However, how to teach this course well and let students play a greater role in work practice, I have conducted in-depth thinking and exploration in several years of teaching practice and achieved good results.
1 The cultivation of teachers' professional quality is the premise and guarantee to improve the teaching quality of rural policies and regulations.
Generally speaking, teachers of rural policies and regulations have not received special academic education, or have not received advanced studies in this major in universities, but come from agricultural teachers or political teachers, and their grasp and understanding of agriculture and policies are inevitably biased. The formulation, promulgation, implementation and improvement of rural policies and regulations is a huge systematic project involving many fields, departments and disciplines. Therefore, to do this course well, teachers are required to have extremely high professional quality.
1. 1 Teachers should concentrate on learning relevant knowledge of rural policies and regulations and constantly improve their professional level. Rural policies and regulations not only involve agronomy, sociology and psychology, but also involve China's agricultural law, land law, environmental protection law, marriage law and its rural management system, and new policies and regulations are constantly introduced. This requires teachers to extensively study the relevant knowledge of various disciplines and the internal relationship between other students, so as to achieve mastery and ease of application. At the same time, we should grasp the latest trends of rural policies and regulations, teach students the latest policies and effectively guide practical work.
1.2 Teachers should actively participate in all kinds of teacher training related to rural policies, strengthen exchange and study, broaden their horizons and constantly enrich the teaching content.
1.3 Teachers should go deep into rural areas in their specific work and life, understand the implementation of relevant agricultural policies issued by the state by agriculture, farmers and rural areas and the existing problems, analyze the causes of the problems, seek better and more effective ways and means, provide reference and suggestions for implementing policies and regulations in rural areas, and improve the level of professional practice.
2. Innovative teaching methods are effective measures to improve the teaching effect of rural policies and regulations.
2. 1 adopt participatory teaching, strengthen communication between teachers and students, and cultivate students' active learning ability. The starting point of participatory teaching is to let all students actively participate in learning. What are the requirements of independent innovation classroom teaching? Students actively participate and teachers and students interact in both directions? . When teaching the chapter of rural land management right to village cadres, the author boldly adopted participatory teaching method according to the characteristics of rich production experience and high comprehensive quality of village cadres. Ask the students to discuss the current situation of local rural land management in groups, analyze the existing problems, and speak in turn. For example, the production scale of one household is small and the labor productivity is low; The land is finely divided and agricultural machinery is difficult to use; Some farmers go out to work and the land is deserted. At the same time, some farmers have no land to grow. Suburban rural land was forcibly developed and built with low compensation commercial housing. The classroom atmosphere is very warm. Then I asked the question while the iron was hot: how to solve these problems effectively? The answers are varied. At this time, I put forward a policy that can better solve these contradictions, that is, the transfer of rural land management rights. Explain to the students the significance and mode of rural land management right transfer, and the typical case of large grain growers emerging through rural land management right transfer in Anhui Province. This not only stimulates students' interest in learning, but also improves the teaching effect. It also cultivates students' active thinking and learning ability, and also cultivates students' team spirit.
2.2 The application of transposition teaching provides a platform for students to show and communicate, and improves their comprehensive quality. Transposition teaching method refers to that in a specific teaching link, students are allowed to temporarily act as teachers, give lectures on the podium, and teachers sit in students' seats. After the students finished speaking, the lecturer made a self-evaluation first, and then other students and teachers made comments and summaries. Students turn passive into active, and use self-thinking, self-practice and self-motivation to master knowledge under the guidance of teachers. In the teaching of village cadres' junior college classes, I chose how to increase farmers' income, which is directly related to students, and adopted the way of teacher-student communication. Students in seven counties and one city are divided into eight groups, and each group recommends a student representative. Through four links: group discussion, representative lecture, everyone's evaluation and teacher's summary, I successfully completed the teaching task and received unexpected teaching results, which made me have a deeper understanding of the local rural economic development. At the same time, it is found that there are serious obstacles in the psychological quality and language expression of individual village cadres, so as to exercise and improve students' all-round ability in future teaching. Participatory teaching not only enlivens the classroom atmosphere and taps students' potential, but also enables students to show their talents in a relaxed and pleasant learning atmosphere, strengthens the communication between students and between teachers and students, and improves students' organizational expression ability.
2.3 the use of multimedia courseware to show the achievements of agricultural development, improve students' awareness of taking the lead in innovation. Promote agricultural modernization simultaneously in the in-depth development of industrialization and urbanization, right? Twelfth Five-Year Plan? The main tasks of this period. Accelerating the development of modern agriculture is not only an important content of transforming the mode of economic development and building a well-off society in an all-round way, but also an inevitable requirement of improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, increasing farmers' income and building a new socialist countryside. In the past thirty years, China has gradually transformed from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and modern agriculture has become the development direction of agriculture in China. Efforts will be made to promote the specialization, standardization, scale and intensification of agricultural production and management, and strengthen the support of policies, science and technology, facilities and equipment, talents and systems. When teaching modern agriculture, let students know with multimedia courseware? Eleventh five-year plan? The achievements of agriculture in China during this period tell the core elements of developing modern agriculture, and show the models and types of modern agriculture at home and abroad through pictures, which makes the empty preaching vivid and stimulates the students' enthusiasm for learning. As village cadres, they should not only undertake the implementation of rural policies, but also become the main force in transforming modern agricultural science and technology into real productive forces and the leaders in promoting modern agriculture.
2.4 Organize investigation and study to enhance students' sense of mission and improve their ability to solve problems. In the teaching of building a new socialist countryside, I introduced the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's theory about? Document No.1 of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Agriculture, Countryside and Farmers allows students to understand the historical background of new rural construction and systematically tell the story of new rural construction. Twenty Cross Policy? The requirements of five aspects and their internal relations are expounded. Both the cadre training class and the junior college class are assigned homework-how to promote the construction of a new socialist countryside according to local conditions. After two weeks of in-depth investigation, village cadres put forward many good ideas and methods, but it is very difficult to write an investigation report. The students of the advanced course did complete the task, but most of the contents were empty, even just downloaded and printed from the Internet. After thinking about this situation repeatedly, I taught the basic format and writing method of the research report in the junior college class of village cadres, paired the advanced cadres in counties and townships with the village cadres, combined the macro-policies with specific measures, and combined the county and township planning with the rural reality, and wrote an excellent research report with bones and flesh. Through this activity, the distance between the cadres and the masses has been narrowed, communication has been enhanced, and students have been allowed to play their strengths and make up for their shortcomings, so that students in the two classes can learn from each other and make progress together.
2.5 Invite experts to give special lectures to broaden their horizons and ideas. Farmers' specialized cooperative economic organization is a cooperative economic organization in which farmers voluntarily participate, take a certain industry or product as a link and increase the income of its members, and implement mutual assistance and cooperation in capital, technology, procurement, production, processing and sales. Vigorously developing farmers' specialized cooperative economic organizations is an effective way to promote the innovation of rural management system and increase farmers' income, and it is also an important measure to organize farmers to enter the market. The construction of farmers' professional cooperative organizations should not only be based on local conditions, but also look at the development trend of the world. As a new type of industry, farmers' specialized cooperative economic organizations have not been fully and systematically recognized, so I invited experts from the province to give a special lecture, systematically explaining the connotation, characteristics, functions and types of farmers' specialized cooperative economic organizations, introducing the development status and future development trends at home and abroad, and putting forward some problems that should be paid attention to in developing farmers' cooperative organizations locally. Through this special lecture, students not only learned how to build farmers' professional cooperative organizations, but also provided teachers with rare learning opportunities.
Model article 2 of agricultural policies and regulations: analysis of foreign agricultural policies and regulations Abstract: This paper analyzes the agricultural policies of South Korea, the United States and the European Union in order to provide reference for the formulation of agricultural policies in China.
Keywords: agricultural policy; Foreign countries; Food security; urbanization
China library classification number: F3 12 document identification number: a.
Undoubtedly, urbanization plays an important role in the social development of China. In China, urbanization should focus on solving the following three problems: the development focus is on small and medium-sized cities; Taking the new generation of migrant workers and other farmers who are employed in cities as the main body; Solve key problems such as employment, social security, housing and education for migrant workers. The promotion of urbanization should not be based on the premise of damaging the national agricultural foundation, but on the premise of developing agriculture well. Therefore, when formulating relevant policies, especially agricultural policies, the state should focus on how to realize the coordinated and sustainable development of urbanization and agriculture, how to increase the income of agricultural practitioners, how to ensure the sustainable development of agricultural ecological environment, and how to ensure the food supply security in China. When formulating agricultural policies, the state should focus on price policy, subsidy policy and financial insurance policy from the perspective of ensuring food security. From the aspect of reform, we should focus on the following aspects: deepening the reform of rural land system, cultivating new business entities, and solving the problem of the decrease of agricultural employees. Europe, America, South Korea and other countries have a high level of agricultural development, and their agricultural policies and regulations may have some enlightenment to the formulation of China's agricultural policies. This article will summarize it.
1 analysis of agricultural policies and regulations in Korea
After World War II, South Korea not only promoted the development of national economy by relying on the rapid development of industry, but also realized the rapid development of agriculture. As early as 1950, South Korea began to make plans to promote agricultural and rural modernization and accelerate the transformation of agricultural population into non-agricultural population. South Korea's agriculture is now at the advanced level in the world, and its production technology and level can be comparable to those of developed agricultural countries in Europe and America.
South Korea has a small land area, and the agricultural population has turned into a non-agricultural population on a large scale. In this case, realizing agricultural modernization has become an urgent problem to be solved. The rapid modernization of agriculture in South Korea is mainly the result of the joint action of circulation system, agricultural science and technology, new village movement, agricultural policy and land system.
From 1970s to 1990s, in order to avoid the disadvantages caused by scattered cultivated land, we should promote the common use of land on the basis of respecting land ownership. After the mid-1990s, the protection of farmland circulation by law laid the foundation for large-scale land management. The fundamental starting point of Korea's agricultural policy is to protect its own agriculture. Starting with environmental policy, price policy and production policy, rice is established as the core part of production policy by comprehensively using subsidies and other means. The new village movement further stimulated farmers' enthusiasm for building rural areas by improving their living environment; In agricultural science and technology, more than 60% of agricultural science and technology personnel belong to the national government, thus ensuring the stability of the scientific and technological team; By establishing a perfect circulation system, sales and production are fully combined to ensure the efficiency of production and circulation.
Provide scientific macro-management for agricultural development; Perfecting the market economy and ensuring the vitality of rural economy; Ensure the stability of agricultural science and technology team and provide scientific and technological impetus for agricultural development.
2 Analysis of American agricultural policies and regulations
As a country with a developed market economy, American agricultural policy keeps up with the market. Farmers will take profit maximization as the guiding principle according to the corresponding market price changes, which is the main tone of their agricultural development. According to the shortcomings, the US government will introduce corresponding policies to make up for the shortcomings of the market, mainly macro-policy adjustment. The American government's regulation of agriculture has expanded from the original circulation field to the production field, which is based on the situation that the huge productivity of American agriculture leads to overproduction of grain. After Roosevelt's New Deal began, the American government began to implement agricultural product price support policy and agricultural product production reduction policy. Subsequently, the fiscal policy of reducing production began, and then the Land Bank was established to provide subsidies for fallow land. These policies are mainly to prevent the excessive agricultural products from causing large fluctuations in agricultural product prices. Judging from the current effect, the purpose of macro-control has been achieved.
From 1985 to 1995, American agricultural policy began to adjust to the marketization of agricultural production. This is because the rapid development of European agriculture has led to changes in the global agricultural products market, and the dollar has begun to appreciate sharply, which has led to a decline in the competitiveness of its agricultural products. Subsequently, the U.S. government continuously cut budget expenditure, reduced subsidy area, and allowed farmers to adjust planting area and varieties independently according to their own situation and market conditions to enhance the competitiveness of agricultural products. Not only that, the United States also actively carried out agricultural tariffs and trade negotiations and actively explored the international market. The subsequent Law on Food, Agriculture, Resource Protection and Trade (1990) continued to relax the control of production and promote the marketization of agriculture. Since 1996, the government's intervention in agricultural production has been further reduced. However, in order to ensure the safety of agricultural production, we began to pay attention to farm safety, and established a series of measures, such as counter-cyclical payment and average crop income selection plan, and provided assistance for agricultural disasters. , build a perfect farm safety network.
The means of supporting agriculture should be more diversified; Concentrate financial resources and focus on subsidizing grain production; Agricultural support policies should be networked and systematic, and avoid blindly introducing policies; Support for agriculture should not only stay at the administrative level, but also be legalized, so as to realize the project.
3 Analysis of EU agricultural policies and regulations
In the process of EU economic integration, the common agricultural policy is a very important link. Although controversial, the development achievements of EU agriculture are obvious to all. Its export volume of dairy products, poultry meat and sugar has surpassed that of the United States, and it has got rid of the disadvantage of net import of major agricultural products. The EU's common agricultural policy is changing its focus, taking the road of paying equal attention to agriculture and rural areas, and paying attention to agricultural environment and sustainable development. The Compromise Agreement on Establishing a Unified Market for Agricultural Products focuses on improving agricultural efficiency, stabilizing the agricultural market and increasing the income of agricultural employees. In the change of common agricultural policy from 65438 to 0992, the adjustment of agricultural structure was paid attention to. In "Towards the Common Agricultural Policy in 2020-Facing the Future Grain, Natural Resources and Regional Challenges", it is proposed to optimize the management of natural resources on the basis of ensuring grain production to maintain the balance of rural development. The EU began to use various measures to support agriculture, such as price support, agricultural development support and income subsidies, and further improved the freedom of its agricultural products market. It is worth noting that the EU's common agricultural policy abandoned the original closed state and entered an open state.
Agricultural policies must be formulated with food self-sufficiency as the core; Developing multifunctional agriculture based on ecological agriculture and circular agriculture; Based on the framework of multilateral trade agreements, increase support for domestic grain industry; We can give up some inefficient and monopolistic agricultural production fields appropriately to gain the initiative in agricultural negotiations; Learn from the EU's bilateral cooperation strategy.
4 abstract
As a big agricultural country, China's agricultural policy is very important to the development of agriculture. Although China's agriculture has made great progress, there are still many shortcomings. We should learn from the experience of advanced agricultural countries in the world and draw the essence, and formulate the most reasonable agricultural policy according to the present situation of China's agricultural development.
refer to
Wu Yizhou, Baiwenzhou. The connotation of China's characteristic agricultural modernization road and its realization way [J]. Discussion on economic problems, 2008, 5: 52-55.
[2] Cai Hailong. Analysis on the characteristics of the change of agricultural policy support level in the United States [J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agriculture, 20 13,
25(5): 1 124- 1 129.
Papers on agricultural policies and regulations;
1. On the Problems and Legal Countermeasures of China's Agricultural Industrial Policy
2. China agricultural trade policy document
3. Analysis report on agricultural subsidy policy in China.
4. Agricultural law papers
5. New Rural Construction Papers