Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested.

Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.

The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold.

Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.

Comments:

In July (756), in the fifteenth year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, the Anshi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, and Su Zong ascended the throne in Lingwu, changing Yuan to virtue. On his way to Lingwu, Du Fu was captured by the rebels to Chang 'an, and wrote this poem the following year (the second year of Zhide).

The poet witnessed Chang 'an's flute falling and homesickness in adversity, and he couldn't help feeling deeply. One or two couplets of poetry, writing about the defeat of Spring City, are full of sighs; Three or four couplets are about relatives, full of feelings of separation.

The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural, which embodies the poet's feelings of loving the motherland and caring for his family. Modern people such as Xu Yingpei and Zhou Rongquan commented on this poem: "The meaning is straightforward, the scenery is not free, the feelings are strong but not floating, the things are rich but not miscellaneous, and the meter is rigorous but not rigid." This theory is quite appropriate. "A letter from home is worth a thousand pounds of gold" is also a famous saying that has been passed down through the ages.

From Tang Suzong to Deyuanzai (756), in June, An Shi Rebellion captured Chang 'an, Tang Dou. In July, Du Fu heard the news of Tang Suzong's accession to the throne in Lingwu, and made his home in Qiang Village, Zhangzhou, and went to Su Zong. On the way, he was captured by rebels and taken to Chang 'an. He was not imprisoned because of his humble position. Hope in Spring was written in March of the following year.

The first four sentences of the poem are about the defeat of the spring city, full of sighs; The last four sentences are about the situation of relatives, full of feelings of separation. The whole poem is calm, sincere and natural.

"Although the country is divided, the mountains and rivers remain forever, and the vegetation turns green in spring." At the beginning, I wrote what I saw in spring: the capital fell and the city was broken. Although the mountains and rivers are still there, there are grass everywhere and the trees are gray. A word "broken" makes people stunned, and another word "deep" makes people sad. Sima Guang said: "The mountains and rivers are all there, and there is nothing in the Ming Dynasty." : the vegetation is deep and no one is there. "("Wen Gong Xu Shi ") The poet here clearly wrote about scenery, but in fact he expressed his feelings. He entrusted his feelings to things and scenery, creating an atmosphere for the whole poem. This couplet is ingenious, mature, natural and poetic. "The destruction of the country" is opposite to "the spring of the city". The ruins of "National Destruction and Death" are in sharp contrast with the wealthy businessmen in "Spring in the City". "The country is broken" followed by "there are mountains and rivers", which means the opposite and is unexpected; "Spring in the City" was originally a beautiful scenery, but the suffix "deeply planted" is ridiculous and contradictory, one after another. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Zhenheng spoke highly of this couplet, saying that "duality is not implicit, but it changes vertically and horizontally, making it more stereotyped, more implicit and deeper, and taking justice from nature." ("Tang Yin Gui Qian" Volume 9)

"Petals fall like tears, and lonely birds sing their sorrows." The general explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are originally recreational things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry.

The first four sentences of the poem are all in the word "Wang". Poets look at it from near to far, from far to near, from cities to mountains and rivers, and from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are from hidden to obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the change of scenery and emotion, it seems that the poet gradually turned from longing for the scenery to overlooking and thinking about the scenery, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.

"After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold." From the Anshi Rebellion, "the war was fierce and the countryside was broken", and the war continues until the end of March and spring. How I look forward to hearing from my relatives at home. At this moment, a letter from home is really better than "tiger balm"! "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold" writes the long-awaited urgency of news isolation, which is all the thoughts in everyone's heart and will naturally resonate with people, thus becoming a famous sentence that will be told through the ages.

"I stroked my white hair. It has become so thin that it can no longer hold hairpins. "There are bonfires everywhere, and my family doesn't trust me. I miss the tragic image in the distance, and I look at the scene of decline in front of me. I don't feel bored and hesitant, but my hair is sparse and short. "White hair" is caused by worry, "scratching" is an action to relieve worry, and "shorter" indicates the degree of worry. In this way, in addition to the grief of national demise and death, sighing and aging will add another layer of sadness.

This poem reflects the poet's good sentiment of loving his country and his family. The meaning is not straight, the scenery is not free, the emotion is strong but not superficial, the content is rich but not miscellaneous, the meter is rigorous but not rigid, and it is written clearly, so it has been circulated for more than 1,200 years.

Eight arrays

During the Three Kingdoms period, you made unparalleled achievements, and you gained a permanent reputation by invading.

This river won't divert the stones from your disposal, and you will always regret that you will destroy Wu's unwise.

Comments:

This is a poem about breasts. The author praised Zhuge Liang's great achievements, especially his military talents and achievements. Three or four sentences, expressing regret that Liu Bei did not learn from Wu and ruined Zhuge Liang's great cause of reunifying China with Wu Kang and Cao Cao. The last sentence takes care of the beginning, three sentences take care of two sentences; In terms of content, it is not only nostalgia, but also expression, with affection in the heart and intention by implication; Don't draw a square in the quatrains.

This is a poem written by the author in memory of Zhuge Liang when he first arrived in Kuizhou. Written in the first year of Dali (766). "Eight-array map" refers to the array map of military drills and operations composed of eight formations: sky, earth, wind, cloud, dragon, tiger, bird and snake. This is Zhuge Liang's creation, which embodies his outstanding military talent.

"The Three Kingdoms, torn apart, have been bound by his greatness, and the Eight Faces Castle is built on his fame", these two sentences praised Zhuge Liang's great achievements. The first sentence is written from the general aspect, saying that Zhuge Liang made the most outstanding achievements in the process of establishing the situation that Wei Shuwu was divided into three parts. Of course, there are many factors for the coexistence of the three countries, and Zhuge Liang's assistance to Liu Bei in establishing the foundation of Shu from scratch should be said to be one of the important reasons. Du Fu's highly generalized praise objectively reflected the historical truth of the Three Kingdoms period. The second sentence is written from a specific aspect, saying that Zhuge Liang created an eight-array map to make him more famous. The ancients praised this point repeatedly. For example, the inscription of Wuhou Temple in Chengdu reads: "The combination of economy and strategy is not rewarded, and the layout is sincere." "The river is at war, the picture is in the column, and there is glory in the industry." Du Fu's poems praised Zhuge Liang's military achievements more intensively and concisely.

The first two songs are written in antithetical sentences, and the overall contribution of the "Three Kingdoms" and "Eight Arrays" to the military is ingenious and natural. Structurally, the first sentence really mentioned, cut to the chase; After the period, I wrote a poem to further praise the achievements, and also paved the way for the memorial relics behind.

"Next to this ever-changing river, there stands a stone, which is his sadness that he failed to conquer the State of Wu." These two sentences express their feelings about the site of "Eight Arrays". The site of "Eight Arrays Map" is located on the flat sand in front of Yong 'an Palace in southwest Kuizhou. According to Liu Yuxi's "Jingzhou Painting Vice" and "Jia", the eight arrays here are all piled up with fine stones, five feet high and sixty yards around, arranged in sixty-four piles, which remain unchanged. Even if it is flooded in summer, everything will be lost in winter, but the eight stone piles will remain unchanged for 600 years. The first sentence writes the magic of the relic very concisely. "Stones don't turn", use the poem "My heart is full of stones, so I can't turn" in The Book of Songs White Boat. In the author's view, this magical color is intrinsically related to Zhuge Liang's spiritual mind: his loyalty to the Shu-Han regime and the great cause of reunification is firm and unshakable. At the same time, the existence of this scattered and recovered eight-array stone pile, which has remained unchanged for many years, seems to symbolize Zhuge Liang's regret for his dying ambition. Therefore, the last sentence written by Du Fu was "saying that he never conquered Wu", saying that Liu Bei's swallowing Wu was a mistake, which destroyed Zhuge Liang's fundamental strategy of resistance and made the great cause of reunification fall by the wayside, which became an eternal regret.

Of course, this poem is not so much "lingering hatred" for Zhuge Liang as Du Fu's regret for Zhuge Liang, and this regret is permeated with Du Fu's depressed feelings of "self-mutilation and death" (Huang).

This quatrain of nostalgia has the characteristics of integrating discussion into poetry. But this argument is not empty and abstract, but vivid and lyrical. The poet combines nostalgia with narration, giving people a feeling of endless hatred and meaning.

The banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army.

The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.

Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.

On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.

Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .

Comments:

This is a narrative lyric poem written in Zizhou in the spring of the first year of Zong Guangde. The Anshi Rebellion, which lasted for more than seven years, finally ended. The author likes to hear the news of Jibei's recovery and cries with joy at the thought that he can return to his hometown as soon as possible. This passion is shared by all. The whole poem has no decoration at all, and it is sincere and sincere. After reading this poem, we can imagine the author dancing and pleasantly surprised when telling his wife and children the good news of Kan Kan. Therefore, all previous dynasties' poetic theorists spoke highly of this poem. When reading Du Xinjie, Pu Qilong praised it as Du Fu's "first quick poem in his life".

This poem was written in the spring of the first year of Guangde, Tang Daizong. The author is 52 years old. In the winter of the first year of Baoying (762), Tang Jun won a great victory in Hengshui near Luoyang, and recovered Luoyang, Zheng (now Zhengzhou, Henan) and Bian (now Kaifeng, Henan). The rebel leaders Xue Song and Zhang Zhongzhi surrendered one after another. In the second year, that is, in the first month of the first year of Guangde, Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi was defeated and hanged himself, and his troops surrendered to Tian and Li Huaixian one after another. Du Fu, who lives in Zizhou (now Santai, Sichuan), heard the news and wrote this masterpiece with passionate pen and ink.

In this poem, Du Fu notes: "I am in Tokyo". The theme of the poem is to express the joy of suddenly hearing that the rebellion has been put down and rushing back to my hometown. "The news of this distant western station! The north has been taken back! " The rapid rise just shows the suddenness of good news. "Outside the sword" is the location of the poet, and "North Hebei" is the home of the Anshi Rebellion, in the northeast of Hebei Province today. The poet has been wandering outside the sword for many years, trying to prepare his taste, but he can't return to his hometown, because the "Jibei" has not been collected and the Anshi rebellion has not been settled. Today's Thistle, which suddenly spread to the north, is really like the sound of spring thunder, the sudden occurrence of mountain torrents and the torrent of surprises, which suddenly burst open the long-suppressed emotional gate, spewing out and surging. "At first, I couldn't stop tears from flowing down my coat" was the first wave of this emotional torrent of surprise.

"First smell" followed by "sudden biography". "Sudden transmission" shows that the good news came too suddenly, while "tears full of clothes" is vivid, showing the emotional waves aroused by the sudden good news at the moment of "first hearing", which is the realistic expression of the intersection of joy and sadness, sadness and joy. "Jibei" has been collected, the war will be over, and the scars of Gan Kun and the suffering of Li Yuan will be cured. I was personally displaced and hated other hard times, and finally got through it. How can I not be happy! However, after drawing a lesson from a painful experience, I can't help but feel sad and can't help it. However, this catastrophe finally passed like a nightmare. I can go back to my hometown and people will start a new life. So I turn grief into joy again, in heaven. The psychological changes and complex feelings of the First News at that time, if written in prose, need a lot of pen and ink, and the poet only uses the word "tears full of skirts" to describe the image, which is enough to sum up all this.

The second couplet turned to inheritance and settled in "ecstasy", which is a higher flood peak of the emotional torrent of surprise. "Looking at the wife" and "reading poetry" are two continuous actions, which have a certain causal relationship. When I am sad and happy, I naturally think of my wife and children who have suffered together for many years. "Looking at it" means "looking back". The action of "looking back" is very meaningful. The poet seems to want to say something to his family, but he doesn't know where to start. Actually, there is no need to say anything. I don't know where the cloud that has shrouded the whole family for many years has gone. Relatives no longer frown, but smile. The joy of relatives in turn increases their own joy. They no longer have no intention of bending over their desks, so they roll up their poetry books and share the joy of victory.

"Singing in Baishi requires drinking, and let me go home in green spring" is a couplet to further express "ecstasy". "Whitehead" points out that people reach old age. Old people rarely "sing" and should not "indulge in wine"; Nowadays, we should not only "sing" but also "indulge in wine", which is a concrete manifestation of "ecstasy". This sentence was written in a "crazy" state, and the next sentence was written in a "crazy" thinking. "Youth" refers to spring. Spring has arrived, and it is time to "go home" with his wife and children among flowers, birds, fish and insects. Thought of here, how can you not be "ecstatic"!

The fantasy of writing "I went home on that green spring day" on the tail couplet is flying. I am in Zizhou, but my heart has returned to my hometown in a flash. The emotional flood of surprise rolled up after the flood peak, and the whole poem ended. This couplet contains four place names. "Baxia", "Wuxia", "Xiangyang" and "Luoyang" are all dual (in-sentence pairs), which form a neat pair of place names; And the combination of "slave" and "slave" is a pair of flowing fresh water. Coupled with the dynamics of "wear" and "direction" and the repetition of two "gorge" and two "yang", the style and tone of writing are as fast as lightning, which accurately shows the flying imagination. Imagine the distance between the four places, namely, Basha, Wuxia, Xiangyang and Luoyang. "As soon as the words" from ","wear ","get off "and" Xiang "appear," come back from this mountain, climb another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town! " Appear, blink one by one. What needs to be pointed out here is that the poet not only expresses imagination, but also depicts reality. From "under the dam" to "Wu gorge", the gorge is dangerous and narrow, and the boat is like a shuttle, so it is used to wear; When I left Wuxia to Xiangyang, I drove downstream quickly, so I used "Xia"; From "Xiangyang" to "Luoyang", the land was changed, so the word "Xiang" was used with high accuracy.

This poem, except the first narrative topic, all other sentences are expressions of surprise after suddenly hearing the news of victory. Wan Hu springs, gushing from the chest, straight down. Qiu quoted in Detailed Notes on Du Shaoling Collection: "This poem is full of joy and joy, and it is full of twists and turns without makeup. The simpler, the more real. Others must never be enlightened. " Poetics of later generations spoke highly of this poem, praising it as "the first quick poem in Lao Du's life" (reading Pu Qilong's Du Xinjie).

Wang Yue

What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu. ..

The magical nature brings together thousands of beautiful mountains in the south and the separation between morning and dusk in the north.

Layers of white clouds, cleaning the gully on the chest; The flat bird flew into the eye socket.

Try to climb to the top of the mountain: it dwarfs all the peaks under our feet.

Comments:

In the 23rd year of Xuanzong Kaiyuan (735), the poet went to Luoyang to study, but he came last, so he traveled to Qilu in the north. This poem was written while roaming. There are many poems about Mount Tai, and only Du Fu can cover thousands of miles with the phrase "Green is about to drip, and both Qilu and Qilu are high". It can be described as magnificent. Its conclusion is particularly subtle, with extraordinary momentum and distant artistic conception, which contains the poet's ambitions and ideals. The whole poem begins with a clear meaning and a healthy artistic conception.

Du Fu's poem Wang Yue consists of three poems, which are about Dongyue (Mount Tai), Nanyue (Hengshan) and Xiyue (Huashan). This song is about seeing Mount Tai in the East. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan (736), the 24-year-old poet began a wandering life of "chasing horses". This poem was written in Qi and Zhao (now Henan, Hebei, Shandong and other places) and is the earliest extant poem of Du Fu. Between the lines, Du Fu's youthful vigor is permeated.

There is not a word "Wang" in the whole poem, and every sentence is about seeing Yue. The distance is from far to near, and the time is from morning till night. Wang Yue thinks about the future and climbs to Yue.

The first sentence is "the grandeur of Mount Tai! ? When I first saw Mount Tai, I was so happy that I didn't know how to describe it. My admiration and admiration are very vivid. Dai is another name for Mount Tai. Being the first of the five mountains, he was honored as Daizong. "How is the husband", that is, what is it? In ancient Chinese, the word "fu" was usually used as a function word at the beginning of a sentence. It is a novelty to integrate it into poetry here. Although the word "husband" has no substantive meaning, it is indispensable. The so-called "vivid portrayal is being blocked."

"Endless green spans Qilu and Qilu" is the answer after some imitation, which is really amazing. It is neither abstractly saying that Mount Tai is high, nor using the general language of "Cui Bi pricks the sky" like Xie Lingyun's "Ode to Mount Tai", but it has written its own experience in an ingenious way-besides the two great countries of ancient Qilu, Mount Tai can still be seen from a distance, and the height of Mount Tai is set off by distance. Mount Tai is the land in the south and the Qi in the north, so this sentence describes the geographical characteristics and cannot be misappropriated when writing about other mountains. In the Ming Dynasty, Mo Ruzhong's poem "Wang Yuelou in Dengdong County" said: "Qilu is not yet a teenager. Who will inherit Ling Du in the poem? " He put forward this poem in particular, and it makes sense that no one can succeed.

The phrase "the creator has given all mysterious natural grace here, and? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It describes the magical beauty and lofty image of Mount Tai seen from a close look, which is the footnote of the last sentence "unfinished youth". The word "zhong" is naturally affectionate. Xiangyang in front of the mountain is "Yang" and Xiangyang behind the mountain is "Yin". Because of the height of the mountain, the dusk in the sky is judged to be cut on both sides of the mountain, so it is called "cutting dusk" "Qie" is a very common word, but it is really a "strange adventure" to use it here. It can be seen that the poet Du Fu's writing style of "language is not surprising and never stops" was developed in his youth.

"Clouds Wangfu? My mind is free and easy, and birds fly back and forth in front of my nervous eyes. " In two words, it is to write a beautiful hope. Seeing the endless clouds in the mountains, my heart is also rippling; Because I stared at it for a long time, I felt as if my eyes were going to break. A homing bird refers to a bird that has returned to its nest in the forest. It is already dusk, and the poet is still in sight. It goes without saying that it contains the poet's love for the motherland.

"Once you climb to the top of the mountain, you will see that all the other mountains look short under the sky." These last two sentences are about the desire to climb Yue arising from looking at Yue. "Hui" is a spoken language in the Tang Dynasty, which means "must". For example, Wang Bo's "Ode to Spring": "It must be a dusty thing, covering the Spring Bamboo Pavilion." Sometimes the word "Hui" is used alone, such as Sun Guangxian's "North Dream": "I will kill this homo erectus one day!" In other words, there are often single users in Du Fu's poems, such as "Old Shu in this life, Qin after death!" It is inaccurate and arrogant to interpret "will" as "should".

From these two inspiring and symbolic poems, we can see the ambition and spirit of the poet Du Fu who is not afraid of difficulties, dares to climb to the top and overlooks everything. This is the key for Du Fu to become a great poet, and it is also indispensable for all those who make a difference. This is why these two poems have been told by people for thousands of years, and they still resonate strongly with us today. In Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long thought that Du Fu's poems "put righteousness first" and said that "Du Fu's soul is beautiful and impressive. Take it as a volume and make it a town. " (Reading Jie) also emphasized the symbolic significance of these two poems. This is exactly the same as Du Fu's "comparing himself with Qi Guo" in politics and "frustrated in Lei Jia and short-sighted in Cao Liu wall" in creation. This poem was praised as a "swan song" by later generations, carved stone as a monument and stood at the foot of the mountain. Undoubtedly, it will be immortal with Mount Tai.

Shu Xiang

Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? It is in a deep pine forest near the Silk City.

The steps are dotted with green grass in spring, and birds are chirping happily under the leaves.

The third call aggravated his state affairs, and he gave his sincerity to two generations.

But before he conquered, he died, and since then the heroes have been crying on their coats.

Comments:

This is an epic. By visiting Wuhou Temple, the author praised the Prime Minister for assisting the two Dynasties, and regretted that the Prime Minister died before he went to the fields. There is both an orthodox concept of respecting Shu and a friend in need.

The first half of this poem is about the scenery of the ancestral temple. The first couplet asks itself and answers itself, and writes about the location of the ancestral temple. Zhuan Xu wrote about the desolation of the ancestral temple with the words "grass is spring" and "birds sing softly", expressing his feelings between the lines. The second half is about the Prime Minister. The Neck Couplet wrote that he was brilliant ("The Plan of the World") and loyal to the country ("The Heart of the Old Minister"). At the end, Lian lamented his untimely death, which attracted the resonance of thousands of heroes and unfinished business.

With deep respect for Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period, I cherish the memory of his great achievements before his death, and place endless sighs on him, which also implies the poet's ambition and disappointment in saving the world.

The title is "book fragrance" rather than "Zhuge Temple", which shows that Lao Du's poems are in people but not in temples. However, this poem was obviously written from the shrine. What is this? Cover the characters through the ages, don't be amiable; There are several temples, and the wind is coming. It is also inevitable to think of books because of Wuhou Temple. However, among poets, between emptiness and reality, poetry is wonderful, but what about people? Is the shrine human? See how he writes ink and plays here. It is appropriate to understand well.

The first sentence is caused by asking. Where is the ancestral temple? Outside the city of Jinguan, a few miles away, I saw the cypress forest from a distance. It is lush and the weather is very good. That's where Zhuge Wuhou Temple is located. This couplet comes straight to the point and falls freely, while the two sentences are answered and opened by themselves.

Next, Lao Du wrote that the grass is green and the birds are singing every other leaf.

Some people say, "the first couplet is the beginning, and this couplet is inheritance and very disciplined." Not bad. Others said: "From the dense forest outside the city to the green in front of the steps, from a distance to a close view, from finding the way to entering the temple, it is the clearest way to write." Not bad either. But if that's all, who can't? Where is Lao Du?

Some people say: since you say that the poet is interested in people rather than temples, why should he waste two of the eight sentences on grass, orioles and leaves? Isn't this the scene of the ancestral temple being written? The meaning is not in the temple. It's not true.

Others said: Du Yi's idea is that people are in the temple and there is no need to talk about it. It's just that the poem is short and needs to be refined. Under this topic, he actually set up these two sentences, which are neither necessary nor wonderful. At least write "go", isn't it a failure of Lao Du?

I said: where, where. Don't judge Du Zimei by stereotyped writing. If that sentence is "to the point" or written as "Biography of Kongming", I'm sure it's hard for him. Now he is not so good. There must be a reason.

Look at him. The last sentence is a word "self" and the next sentence is a word "empty". This word is an oxymoron, that is, "Zi" should have been flat, but now it is very awkward; "Empty" should be silent, but now it is flat. Reciprocity, a kind of transformational beauty in tone. We who study poetry must not lose our minds here.

Besides, Lao Du's dusty cave lives in the southwest. After he settled in Jincheng, the first thing he did was to visit Wuhou Temple. Where is the temple of the famous prime minister? In terms of writing, it is not awkward to cut to the chase; In terms of mood, where is the ancestral temple? I have been longing for it for a long time! On that day, the old poet was full of admiration and admiration, asked people for directions and found the way to the ancestral temple. When he arrived, he didn't see the magnificent temples or statues. The first thing he noticed was the green grass in front of the steps and the oriole outside the leaves! What is the reason?

You know, Lao Du's trip is not a "tour". After he entered the temple, he naturally saw magnificent temples and statues, just like ordinary people. However, when he wrote poetry (not necessarily when he went to the ancestral temple for the first time), what he wanted to write emotionally was by no means the appearance of these traces. What he wants to write is his inner feelings. Writing Jing Yunyun is a living sentence and a dead finger; What's more, he didn't really write about the scenery of the ancestral temple?

In other words, after seeing the magnificent temples and statues, he had mixed feelings, and then he became more and more aware of the green grass in the yard and the loneliness in his heart. The more I feel the sound of oriole, the boundless desolation.

Here, you can see an old poet, alone and full of worries, wandering between temples in Wuhou Temple.

Without this connection, where would the poet go? Is poetry comfortable? It is precisely because of this couplet that we can read that the following couplet says that "three cares are always suffering" (that is, repeated and repeated, very suffering), and the two dynasties opened up their economies (enlightening and helping). On the one hand, they knew people well and never changed; On the one hand, do your best and die; On the one hand, it is a heavy entrustment, and on the other hand, it is a sincere reward: Lao Du has thought about all this for thousands of times. Only when facing the desolate court of the ancient temple can he write Zhuge Liang's state of mind and fate. Don't say that the ancients only said that "a scholar died for a confidant." Is the poet's understanding of the world really "Liu's descendants are the foundation of emperors through the ages"? Old minister's heart, don't also pregnant with Chinese rivers and mountains, the world is full of fire and water? Life ambition, six out of Qishan, Wuzhang original head, autumn wind rustling, big stars suddenly falling, people losing their voices ... Thinking of this, Lao Du, a poet wandering in the forest in front of the steps, could not help but burst into tears.

Court grass since the spring, what about personnel; The new warbler is empty, but it only hurts. Lao Du's poetic heart is condensed here. How can he be called a "loser"? It's a "transition" (meaning that Du Fu's poems are written in this way, just for the natural transition to the next couplet). I think it's still the illusion that a pen is a text.

Someone asked: Who is the hero? The hero has been crying on his coat since his sleeve? A: It refers to people with lofty ideals throughout the ages who serve the country and people with great wisdom and courage. Don't make simple explanations such as "leaping across the horse with a horizontal gun" and "manual operation with a knife and axe". Lao Du has been a hero all his life, and he is willing to work in the countryside. Saying this sentence really includes the poet himself, but in fact.

However, the old elimination does not refer to individuals. Think of Wuhou, the mountain is high, and looking to the present is also a good material. What he thinks is great, and his feelings are profound. Therefore, everyone in the world who reads this article will cry. What a coincidence!

In the spring of the first year of Shangyuan (760), the poet drifted from Qin Zhou to Chengdu to study in Huanhuaxi. Chengdu used to be the capital of Shu and Han, and there is Zhuge Liang Temple in the northwest of the city, which is called Wuhou Temple. The poet sought his roots and lived in seclusion, and wrote this seven-law "Shu Xiang" to express his reverence for the great statesman's wisdom and virtue and his feelings of unsuccessful achievements. The whole collection of poems combines emotion, scenery and discussion, which not only comments on history, but also contains reality. It is a swan song in the poems praising Zhuge Liang in past dynasties.

In classical poetry, questions and answers are often used to open sentences, highlighting the ups and downs of feelings. So is the first couplet of this poem. "Where is the famous prime minister's temple? In a pine forest near the Silk City. " Questions and answers have formed a strong emotional atmosphere from the beginning, covering the whole article. The last sentence, "Prime Minister's Ancestral Temple", hit the nail on the head, with a cordial and respectful meaning. "Where to find", ask without doubt, strengthen language potential, not where to find. Zhuge Liang was deeply loved by the people in history, especially in Chengdu, Sichuan, where temples dedicated to him were easy to find. The beauty of the word "Xun" lies in its portrayal of the poet's persistent pursuit of sages and his long-term thinking of pious creation. The next sentence, "In a deep pine forest near Silk City", points out that the poet paid tribute to Wuhou Temple on the outskirts of Chengdu. The cypress trees here are shaded, tall and dense, showing a quiet and solemn atmosphere. Cypress has a long life, never withers all year round, is tall and straight, has symbolic significance, and is often used as an ornamental tree in temples. The author grasps this scene of Wuhou Temple, showing the majestic, lush, vigorous and simple image characteristics of cypress, reminding people of Zhuge Liang's spirit and can't help but respect it. Next, what is displayed in front of readers is wormwood spring grass, which spreads under the stone steps and reflects a piece of green; Only orioles walk through the leaves of the forest and make clear calls.

The second pair of couplets, "Spring grass dyes the steps, birds sing under the leaves", is bright in color, clear in rhyme, quiet and natural, which makes the spring scenery of Wuhou Temple infinitely beautiful. However, the spring of nature has come, where is the hope of rejuvenating the motherland? Thought of here, inevitably produced a feeling of sadness, so it is said that the intertextuality of "self" and "emptiness" in Spring and Empty Voice describes a quiet and motionless environment. The poet infiltrated his subjective feelings into the objective scenery, traded in the scenery, and conveyed his inner sadness from the description of the scenery, which reflected the patriotic spirit of the poet concerned about the country and the people. Through the refraction of this patriotic thought, the image of Zhuge Liang in the poet's eyes is more brilliant. "The third call made him shoulder state affairs, and he gave his heart to two generations."

The third part is full of colors, which highly summarizes Zhuge Liang's life. Before the last sentence was written, Liu Bei visited the Caotang, and Zhuge Liang took countermeasures, pointing out that Zhuge Liang could foresee the political situation in Wei Shuwu at that time and formulated a set of policies for Liu Bei's reunification of the country. It can be seen that Liu Bei is a great talent for saving the world. After the next sentence was written about mountains, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Bei to create the Shu Han, helped Liu Chan and praised his contribution to the country. In two sentences and fourteen words, people have been brought to the war-torn Three Kingdoms era, and in a broad historical background, they have portrayed the image of a saint who is loyal to the monarch and patriotic and helps the world. Memories of today. At this time, the Anshi Rebellion has not been settled, the country is divided and the people are displaced, which makes the poet worried. He longed for loyal subjects and sages to assist the country, rectify Gankun and restore the peaceful reunification of the country. It is this concern for the country that condenses into the poet's admiration for Zhuge Liang; In this historical figure, the poet pinned his beautiful vision for the destiny of the country. The last couple of the poem "died before they could conquer, and the heroes cried on their coats", lamenting the historical misfortune of Zhuge Liang's failure in the army when he died of illness. The tragic ending of Zhuge Liang's dying ambition is undoubtedly a hymn of life. He practiced the oath of "do my best and die before you die" with actions, which further sublimated the spiritual realm of this ancient outstanding politician and produced the power to make people work hard.

Generally speaking, this poem is divided into two parts. The first four sentences pay tribute to the ancestral temple of the Prime Minister, and express the poet's concern for the country and the people from the description of the scenery. The last four sentences praise the talent of the Prime Minister and cherish the memory of the sages from historical recollection, which contain many expectations and longings for the destiny of the motherland. The whole poem has profound implications and profound sustenance, resulting in a deep and sad artistic conception.

In artistic expression, questions are answered by themselves, facts are sketched, scenes are blended, narration and discussion are combined, the structure is seamless, the levels are agitated, and there is a language charm of refining words and cutting sentences and harmonious tone, which makes people sigh and have endless aftertaste. Du Fu's poems are called "gloomy and frustrated", and the book is a typical representative.