Concept: Nephrotic syndrome is not an independent disease, but a group of clinical syndromes in glomerular diseases. Clinical manifestations: massive proteinuria (24-hour urinary protein 3.5g), hypoproteinemia (plasma albumin 30g/L), hyperlipidemia, edema in different degrees, with or without hypertension, which is more common in teenagers.

Nursing measures:

1 Rest: If the patient has any of the following conditions: moderate edema, hypertension, gross hematuria or oliguria, the daily urine output is less than 400ml, or there are serious complications, and he needs to stay in bed. For people with eyelid edema, the pillow should be slightly higher; People with severe edema should change their positions frequently; Those with pleural effusion should take a semi-recumbent position: scrotal edema should be raised. Of course, bed rest is not indefinite, and long-term bed rest is not conducive to the recovery of the disease. When the symptoms and signs of patients are alleviated or disappeared, they can live a normal life. After treatment, if the patient's condition is stable, he can take part in relaxation exercise, and choose appropriate exercise methods according to his own situation and physical condition, such as walking, playing Tai Ji Chuan and practicing Qigong. The amount of exercise and the length of time are generally based on not feeling tired. Otherwise, it will aggravate or rapidly worsen kidney disease.

2 Dietary requirements

(1) Diet should be light: if there is edema during high-dose hormone treatment, low-salt diet should be given. A low-salt diet requires a daily intake of 3 grams of sodium and salt (a beer cap). Don't eat salted duck eggs, salted eggs and pickles during the salt diet. When there is obvious edema, salt should be banned, even food (such as steamed bread with alkali, salted cake), baking soda, soy sauce and so on. Are taboo. Restricting the intake of salt is of great significance, but after sodium restriction, patients often lose appetite because of tasteless diet, which affects protein and calorie intake. Saltless soy sauce, vinegar, ginger, garlic and other condiments can be used to increase appetite. The duration of salt prohibition should depend on the condition. If the edema symptoms are not obvious or basically disappear after treatment, you can change to a low-salt diet. When the condition is stable, it is not necessary to strictly limit salt, but the amount of salt should not be too much.

(2) Pay attention to protein's intake: protein's daily intake is g/kg, with high-quality animal protein as the main food, such as milk, eggs, fish and meat. The intake of protein in patients with renal failure in azotemia should be limited to 0.5- 1.0g/kg.

(3) The daily fat intake of patients with hyperlipidemia should be 40g. Hyperlipidemia can aggravate kidney damage, and reducing hyperlipidemia has protective effect on kidney. If you want to adopt a low-fat diet (25-30g), you should limit the content of saturated fatty acids in your diet, and don't eat or eat less fried foods and cholesterol-rich foods such as animal viscera, egg yolk, fat meat, animal oil, butter tea, etc.

(4) Choose foods rich in vitamins A and C (excluding foods with high calories). Those with severe edema and less urine should limit drinking water appropriately. Suffering from anemia, you can supplement foods rich in iron, vitamin B 12 and folic acid, such as auricularia auricula and spinach. Limit foods that irritate the kidneys, such as mustard and peppers.

3 treatment guidance

Regularly review urine routine and renal function, and reduce or stop taking drugs under the guidance of doctors; Active treatment should be taken to prevent the recurrence and aggravation of respiratory tract infection; When using hormones, you should not stop taking drugs or change the medication method too hastily, and you should not stop taking drugs suddenly, so as to do a good job of nursing, so as to actively cooperate closely and complete the treatment plan.

4 Prevention of infection:

Rinse your mouth frequently with normal saline every day, and do oral care when necessary. For personal hygiene, women should clean their perineum every day. Keep the indoor air fresh and reduce the number of attendants. Avoid catching a cold and going to crowded places. Please actively cooperate with the treatment and wish you a speedy recovery!