First, the theoretical basis of disability education
Almost education is a new term, and its proposal and practice are based on the thinking of the essence of education. First, education is a rational waiting. The object of education is living people, and people's growth needs many subjective and objective factors, but the core still depends on subjective efforts. Growth is irreplaceable for everyone. The growth of human beings, like the growth of crops, is a slow process, and no one can encourage it. Getting rid of nature is the real state of life growth and the natural posture that education should have. I agree that education is like agriculture rather than industry. Therefore, education should be "slow repair", which requires rational waiting and cannot be "quick repair". It requires educators to have the determination and patience to wait for "children, take your time", which may be an inherent law of education. Second, education is the awakening of art. In a person's life, the inherent laws and codes of life already contain many things, which are innate. When people grow up, sometimes they just need a reminder. There is a kind of "teaching" through awakening. As educators, we need to create conditions to awaken students' minds and make them willing to receive more education, learn more new knowledge and experience more experiences. Gradually, this awakening is no longer more dependent on the outside world, but from the heart, or a spontaneous motivation, which eventually leads to children's self-awakening, self-awareness and self-awakening. Third, education is a phased companionship. Life is a long process, and our education is not omnipotent, nor is it the whole process. No matter how much schools or teachers love our students, one day they will go forward independently. Therefore, as educators, we should not only pay attention to students' present, but also pay attention to their future. School is just an important "gas station" in students' life. The essence of education is to provide students with living water in their hearts and enrich their lives. Life is a long road, and teachers should not and can't make a conclusion about students' life development.
Second, the connotation and interpretation of the concept of disability education
What kind of thoughts, what kind of education. Almost all education regards every child as a seedling to be grown. Based on this understanding, teachers can treat students with understanding, acceptance, waiting and appreciation. "Encouraging children to grow up" is not only harmful to students, but also the educators can't achieve the ideal educational effect. In the face of knowledge, there is no difference between children's cleverness and stupidity, only the difference between experienced and inexperienced; Their values are not right or wrong, only mature or immature; There is no distinction between good and bad in their conduct, only those who are guided and those who are not. Teachers' mission is to discover students' "similarity" and be ready to wake up, wait and guide children at any time. Therefore, it is necessary to let children know through education that the most important thing in learning is not to "beat others" but to "become the best self" through learning. In the information age of knowledge explosion, everyone is facing the problem of skill panic, and the position of a teacher who preaches, teaches and dispels doubts has encountered unprecedented challenges. Under the current educational situation, teachers and students can only learn from each other in a real sense, which is the requirement of educational reform and the necessity of social progress.
The connotation of the concept of disability education can be summarized in sixteen words: "Respect differences, study disabilities, narrow gaps and share differences". The specific interpretation is as follows:
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"Just like there are no two identical leaves in the world, students are also very different, because there are differences in innate quality and living environment between students, their psychological characteristics, physiological characteristics, hobbies and shortcomings are also different, and the speed and trajectory of development are also different." In the current educational evaluation, there are many phenomena of labeling students according to their intelligence differences, such as dividing students into top students, middle students and poor students according to their learning ability; Students are divided into "excellent students" and "students with learning difficulties" according to their learning speed. In the understanding and treatment of this difference, the teacher is obviously encouraging those students who are temporarily dominant, while other students get invisible psychological hints-I am not good enough. Almost the concept of education emphasizes that every individual has the value and significance of existence, and everyone is the only and irreplaceable self. Education should not have poor students but only differences, and education should cultivate the differentiated development of different students. Only by objectively acknowledging students' individual differences can we fully tap students' personality potential. Respecting life and differences in life is not only an education, but also a life belief and moral code that should be adhered to in all aspects of social life.
Almost study
The so-called handicap system is a scoring system that respects differences and promotes individual independent development. It comes from an idea in golf. This competition system urges beginners and technology promoters to get timely encouragement through their own efforts in a "almost" way. The ups and downs of "almost" depend on the participants' self-efforts, that is, "almost" reflects the vertical comparison of their own achievements. By competing with their own past, learners can experience the fun of learning and gain the motivation to learn, so as to obtain healthy, meaningful, scientific and correct autonomous learning methods. Through the affirmation of "self-progress", students' enthusiasm and motivation for learning are really stimulated. It can be seen that our education, especially basic education, should be inspired by the "almost" and study the "almost" in education. Provide students with appropriate resource allocation, so that all students can enjoy education that conforms to their own characteristics, encourage students to compare themselves, and let them gain successful experiences and feel happy in their studies while paying attention to every self-transcendence growth. The key to studying "almost" in education is to advocate educators to pay attention to students' vertical development and changes on the basis of respecting their individual differences, promote each student's self-motivation and self-reflection, and finally make each individual develop independently. The "obstacle" of education is both an advantage and a disadvantage for everyone. For educational phenomenon, it is both hot and difficult. Finding the advantages of each student, making the advantages a bright spot and illuminating the students' life path with their bright spots are the innovation and ideal pursuit that almost distinguishes education from other education.