How to grab points in the new TOEFL reading comprehension reasoning problem

First, the sign of reasoning questions

In general, the stem of reasoning questions includes words such as inference, suggestion, most likely, most impossible and possible, which are divided into ordinary reasoning questions and non-ordinary reasoning questions. Everyone's situation is different. You can also visit Du Wen International Education official website for one-on-one consultation.

Second, the practice of reasoning problems

For reasoning questions that have no commonness, that is, there are no clues in the stem, exclusion method is generally used, that is, the keywords of each option are located back to the original text, and the correct answer is obtained through exclusion method.

For reasoning questions with commonness, that is, there are clues in the stem, it is suggested that candidates can circle the keywords in the stem first, locate them in the original text according to the keywords, and then reason. Reasoning questions mainly have the following ideas:

1. General comparative reasoning

There are not many ways for ETS to design reasoning questions, one of which is to work out the questions according to the comparative characteristics of two things. When you ask the characteristics of one thing, you just need to deny the characteristics of another thing in contrast.

For example:

Obviously, whales, whales, porpoises and dolphins

It's a mammal They breathe through the lungs, not through the gills, and give

Born young. Their streamlined bodies, no hind legs,

The existence of pores and pores can't hide their

Genetic relationship with terrestrial mammals. However, unlike the situation in the ocean.

Otters and flippers (seals, sea lions and walruses, their limbs

It's hard to imagine.

The original whales looked like.

Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?

A.it's not hard to imagine what they look like.

B.they are numerous.

C.they only live in the sea.

D. they didn't leave many fossil remains.

2. Time contrast reasoning

This kind of thinking is often tested. In this kind of reasoning, there are generally two periods of comparison, and their characteristics are generally opposite. When the question asks about the characteristics of a time period, it denies the characteristics of the opposite time period.

Example:

Any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after World War II is based on the country's impressive population growth.

..... It seems that Canada is in step with the trend again.

The ubiquitous small family in the western world.

Since the industrial revolution.

It can be inferred from the article that before the industrial revolution,

(a) Families are larger.

(b) unreliable demographics.

The economic situation is not good.

3. Set concept reasoning

Set conceptual reasoning can also be called percentage reasoning, which means that in a set, two opposite aspects are included to form a large set together. A decrease in the proportion of one party means an increase in the proportion of the other party; On the contrary, an increase in the proportion of one party means a decrease in the proportion of the other party. According to this idea, we can infer the decrease of the other party from the change of the number of one party in the set.

Example:

A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative and almost

Self-sufficient groups are the same customs and races, and there is one

Strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. ... unchanged

Folk culture no longer exists in industrialized countries such as the United States.

America and Canada ...

In contrast, pop culture is a huge heterogeneous group, usually highly personalized and constantly changing.

What does the author imply about the United States and Canada?

They attach importance to folk culture.

They have no social class.

They have popular culture.

They don't value individualism.