(A) the goal-oriented principle
The environment of kindergarten education activities is a part of kindergarten curriculum. When creating the environment, we should consider its educational nature, so that the goal of creating the environment is consistent with the goals of kindergarten education and specific educational activities. At present, in kindergarten education, although some classes also attach importance to the creation of educational activity environment, most of them focus on the pursuit of beauty, with the purpose of decorating and beautifying the environment, or just blindly provide materials, ignoring the consideration of environmental education, that is, they have not fully considered whether the created environment can serve the educational goals.
Kindergartens are institutions that protect and educate young children. The creation of educational activity environment should make use of the educational factors in the environment to serve children's education and promote their healthy growth and smooth development. A good environment for educational activities is to promote the development of children's thinking, cultivate children's good personality and realize the overall goal of kindergarten education through the formal beauty and content of the environment itself. The creation of kindergarten education activity environment should be conducive to children's physical and mental health, so that children can grow up happily and healthily in a warm home-like environment and be inspired and educated. All decorations should be carried out around the goal of activity education.
Principle of children's participation
The principle of children's participation refers to giving children the opportunity to express their opinions and adopt reasonable opinions in the creation and layout of kindergarten educational activity environment, so as to ensure that children participate in the educational activity environment from design to material delivery to work posting. In the creation of environment, let children do what they can, and teachers and children jointly create an environment for educational activities. This can make the environment more childlike, more creative and more attractive to young children.
Kindergarten education is an interactive activity in which teachers and children participate together. The creation of environment is not just a matter for teachers. Teachers should have the consciousness of letting children participate in the creation of the environment and realize that the educational nature of the environment is not only included in the environment, but also included in the process of creating the environment. Children have the right to participate in creating a kindergarten environment closely related to their own lives. Teachers should design and arrange with children and try to absorb their opinions, for example, let children participate in the whole process of creative design, material collection and production of wall decoration to stimulate their enthusiasm.
(3) the principle of moderate development
Kindergarten's educational activity environment is created for children, so we must start from the needs of children and respect their cognitive characteristics, interest needs and aesthetic taste. In the details of environmental layout, we should also take into account the differences of children's physical and mental development levels at different ages. The environment should be suitable for children's age characteristics and individual differences, so that every child may benefit from it and get due development at the original level.
The ultimate goal of creating an environment for kindergarten education activities is to make children develop in an all-round way. Therefore, the creation of environment must fully consider children's cognitive characteristics and cognitive development level. Only by arranging the environment from children's cognitive characteristics can we effectively promote children's growth and increase the value created by the environment. If it is based on children's personal experience of life around them, or fairy tales they are familiar with, it will make children feel kind and better understood and accepted by them. The image is moderately exaggerated, the face is not straight, the form is lively and vivid, and the colors are bright. Let the children visit their own environment in general, and such environmental creation will receive the due effect.
(4) the principle of safety and health
Protecting children's safety and health is the basic duty of kindergartens. The outline clearly points out: "Kindergartens must give priority to protecting children's lives and promoting children's health." Security includes two aspects: the security of the environment itself and the security contained in the environmental layout. In addition, it is also necessary to ensure that the environmental sanitation conditions of the educational activities created meet the standards, and the materials provided are non-toxic and harmless.
Personal safety. When creating an environment, we should ensure that the environment in which children live will not harm their bodies, and pay attention to the safety of toys, hanging objects, wall decorations, movable equipment, etc. There is no potential safety hazard. Most kindergartens have large toys and equipment in the outdoor environment. This is often a paradise for children. When investigating large toys, we should not only look at whether they are fun, but also look at whether these instruments are safe. In order to enhance children's awareness of safety protection, learn skills and methods to protect themselves, and deal with some unexpected events that may occur in life, kindergartens should create an easy-to-understand environment for children and let them master safety protection knowledge. Environment creation is the most intuitive educational method in kindergartens. By arranging safety billboards or wall decorations with interesting pictures, cartoons, signs and photos, children can be influenced by the environment and feel the safety education.
Psychological safety. The creation of kindergarten environment should also meet the needs of children's psychological safety, so that children have a full sense of security and trust, so that children can become the masters of the environment rather than spectators. It is very necessary to carry out corresponding educational theme wall decoration activities in daily education. For example, some kindergarten classes have a column "I love my family" on the theme wall, so that children can bring photos of their families and post them on it. When they come to the park every day, they will feel warm and comfortable and gain a sense of psychological security, which is of great value to children.
(5) the principle of richness and diversity
Diversity means that teachers should create the environment tactfully, flexibly and creatively according to the differences and changes of various factors in the process of creating the environment, that is to say, to ensure that the environment of educational activities is rich in content and lively in form. The amount of materials provided should be sufficient, and it is best to have one person and various types. The same educational goal can be achieved through a variety of materials with different sizes, colors, shapes, materials and functions, and children can choose according to their own wishes. For example, in paired educational activities, teachers can use many different things such as animals, plants, food, clothes and different kinds of materials for comparison and analysis. As the creator of the environment, teachers should understand children's psychological and physiological characteristics, respect and understand children's appreciation needs, and actively seek and design more colorful images, colors and environmental atmosphere.