Chinese characters have been used for a long time in Vietnamese history. /kloc-After the 0/0 century, China culture had a great influence, and Chinese characters were still officially advocated. Until the beginning of19th century, Chinese was widely used by feudal elites in Vietnam. Chinese characters are used in court documents and imperial examination papers, and couplets in temples are also written in Chinese characters.
/kloc-in the 0 th and 7 th centuries, western missionaries came to Vietnam to preach and recorded Vietnamese in Latin letters. /kloc-in the second half of the 9th century, the French colonial authorities imposed Vietnamese phonetic symbols, and 1882 stipulated that all official documents must be in Vietnamese.
19 17 Vietnam abolished the imperial examination system and replaced Chinese characters with Vietnamese pinyin characters. French colonial authorities regard Vietnamese characters as orthodox national language characters. 1945 After the birth of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Vietnamese characters became the unified official language of the country, which was widely used throughout the country and was constantly promoted, developed, enriched and improved.
Based on the above reasons, it can be seen that since 19 17, Vietnam began to use its own Vietnamese writing and language; Since 1945, Vietnamese has been the official language of all Vietnamese with formal education. Due to the frequent non-governmental exchanges between China and Vietnam in the 1950s and 1960s, many Vietnamese elderly people can speak Chinese. Moreover, after the normalization of Sino-Vietnamese relations, Vietnamese border people have extensive contacts with China, and quite a few people can speak Chinese.
Extended data:
Vietnam is a multilingual and multi-ethnic country with 54 officially recognized and announced ethnic groups. According to the General Statistics Bureau of Vietnam (T? ng C？ c Th？ Ng Kê 20 10) was published on 20 10. The results of the census conducted in 2009 showed that the total population of China was about 85.84 million. Among them, the main ethnic group "Jing" accounts for 85.7%, and the other 53 ethnic minorities account for 14.3%.
Jing people are Vietnamese in a narrow sense, and their mother tongue is Vietnamese (Vietnamese is called Ti? ng Vi？ T). From the perspective of language classification, the number of ethnic groups in Vietnam is far more than 54.
According to Ethnology (Lewis 2009: 537), if sign language is not included, Vietnam has 105 languages. The 54 ethnic groups identified by the Vietnamese government belong to the following five language families: "Ao-Ya", "Zhuang-Dong" (Dai language) and "Hmong-Mien；; Miao Yao), "Austronesian" and "Sino-Tibetan".
Vietnamese, which belongs to the South Asian language family, has been designated as the official language of the country and is used in the education system and the mass media. About 90% of the ethnic minority population can use Vietnamese to varying degrees.
Since 2 1 century, with the rise of language awareness of ethnic minorities, the right to education and communication of ethnic mother tongue has been paid more and more attention. For example, the Voice of Vietnam Radio once broadcast in some minority languages such as Miao, Thai and Khmer.
Vietnamese was misunderstood as a member of Sino-Tibetan language family in the early 20th century, because it used Chinese characters and there were many Chinese-Vietnamese words. Later, after in-depth study, it was found that Vietnamese should be classified as a South Asian language family. Vietnamese can be divided into three major dialect groups: North, South and Central. Apart from some differences in accent and vocabulary, dialects can basically communicate and understand each other. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Vietnam was based on Hanoi dialect and its capital was in the north.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Vietnam