First, from the reality of students, teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
1. Guide students to correctly understand higher vocational education and correct their learning attitude. Through various channels and media, higher vocational colleges should widely publicize, popularize typical examples and commend advanced ones, so that students can see the advantages of higher vocational education, guide students correctly in time, clarify the training objectives, directions and tasks of higher vocational education, raise awareness, change concepts, improve their enthusiasm for receiving vocational education and correct their learning attitude. At the same time, teachers should help students set practical goals according to their own actual situation.
2. According to the students' foundation, implement hierarchical teaching. In view of the uneven foundation and different starting points of cultural courses and professional courses for higher vocational students, higher vocational colleges should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, break the teaching mode of natural placement and "urgent March" and implement hierarchical teaching. Give full play to each student's personality, stimulate the self-confidence of students with learning difficulties, improve their scientific and cultural quality and professional level as a whole, cultivate their skilled professional operation skills and enhance their employment competitiveness.
3. Guide learning methods and cultivate students' learning ability. Teachers in higher vocational colleges should help students to establish corresponding learning methods according to the characteristics of students and higher vocational education, pay attention to cultivating students' ability to analyze and solve problems, emphasize autonomous learning, develop good study habits, change "learning for me", enhance initiative, independence and efficiency, and have certain learning ability. Specifically, the teaching of higher vocational colleges needs to focus on cultivating students' ability to learn from problems, from the network and from innovation.
Second, pay attention to the combination of comprehensive professional quality and vocational skills training in the teaching process to enhance students' professional ability.
1. Strengthen practical teaching and improve students' practical skills. Higher vocational colleges must set up the teaching content system according to the changes brought by the adjustment of national industrial structure to the social professional post system, fully consider the requirements of future occupations for practitioners' knowledge and ability, and highlight the cultivation of professional ability. Therefore, we should straighten out the relationship between theoretical teaching and practical teaching, adhere to the basic theory of "necessity and sufficiency", increase the proportion of practical courses in the teaching plan, attach importance to the teaching mode of integrating theory and practice in professional teaching, build a whole-course quality and skill training framework, strengthen practical teaching links, establish a perfect practical teaching system, and establish an industrial base with experimental, practical and internship functions.
2. Pay attention to the connection and communication of knowledge fields among secondary vocational schools, ordinary high schools and higher vocational schools, and improve students' knowledge system. In the process of higher vocational education, higher vocational colleges have mixed training for counterparts and ordinary high school students. Due to the lack of contact and communication between secondary vocational schools, ordinary high schools and higher vocational schools, the existing knowledge systems overlap or are incomplete. Without the corresponding transitional education, it is difficult for the fixed academic year system to achieve the training goal as scheduled. According to the needs of regional economic and social development, aiming at the actual needs and specific requirements of professional posts (groups) or technical fields, we should take professional post ability as the core, reflect students' individual knowledge, ability structure and students' personalized characteristics, build a comprehensive and flexible teaching content structure system, make convergence and communication education penetrate into regular teaching, make two different students in higher vocational colleges have a relatively perfect knowledge structure system, and strengthen the penetration and convergence of cultural basic courses for secondary vocational students with poor cultural courses. For ordinary high school students who lack professional knowledge, we should pay attention to the infiltration and connection between professional basic courses and professional courses. At the same time, it is necessary to properly handle teaching materials, systematically refine new knowledge points purposefully, constantly add old knowledge, and combine teaching with supplement.
3. Strengthen students' humanistic quality education and cultivation of humanistic spirit. From the training objectives and students' quality of higher vocational education, it is necessary to strengthen humanistic quality education in order to train high-quality higher vocational graduates. Therefore, while emphasizing practice, higher vocational education must not neglect humanistic quality education and humanistic spirit training, but pay attention to cultivating students' practical skills and cultural quality education. Therefore, in the teaching process, we should infiltrate humanistic quality education, adhere to the combination of cultural quality education and professional education, pay attention to the harmonious development of humanistic quality and professional skills, combine personality training with skill training, and attach importance to cultivating students' comprehensive technical application ability and innovative and entrepreneurial ability to solve practical problems.
Third, the construction of high-quality teachers.
1. Teachers in higher vocational colleges should update their educational concepts and establish correct educational concepts. "The renewal of educational concept is the forerunner of teaching reform", and the change of teachers' educational concept in higher vocational colleges is the key to improve teaching quality. The faster the educational concept changes, the clearer the thinking and the faster the pace of teaching reform. To develop higher vocational education, teachers in higher vocational colleges need to clarify the training objectives of higher vocational education, establish modern vocational education concepts, and establish teaching, quality and talent concepts with higher vocational characteristics. It is necessary to clarify the training objectives of higher vocational education and attach importance to higher vocational education. Establish the quality view of higher vocational education based on quality and professional ability, and establish the talent view with higher vocational characteristics.
2. Strengthen the construction of "double-qualified" teachers. Teachers are the foundation of running a school. Higher vocational education is employment-oriented, and it trains high-tech applied talents. Therefore, it is necessary to change the unreasonable structure of teachers with strong theory and poor skills and build a "double-qualified" teacher team, which has a solid theoretical foundation and strong professional practice ability, which is different from ordinary colleges and universities. Teachers in higher vocational colleges should have a clear "double-qualified" consciousness, constantly improve their own quality, become veritable "double-qualified" teachers, truly become good teachers who not only give lectures on the podium, but also have the ability to guide and demonstrate students to master professional skills, and are experts in the actual operation of their major and industry.
Therefore, higher vocational colleges should make use of existing educational resources to carry out school-based training, fully carry out mentoring activities for new and old teachers, help young teachers improve their teaching level as soon as possible, and at the same time "adopt the policy of' going out and inviting in'" to promote the construction of "double-qualified" teachers.
3. Strengthen the construction of teachers' morality and improve teachers' ideological and moral cultivation. For teachers, literacy is the carrier of education, realm is the starting point of education, and personality is the sail of education. Teachers' speech, behavior, taste and personality are the key factors that affect students' development. Therefore, higher vocational colleges must constantly improve teachers' professional quality, at the same time strengthen teachers' professional ethics and quality education, and improve teachers' ideological and moral cultivation. Therefore, teachers need to improve the reasonable contents of teachers' morality: high political consciousness, professional consciousness of loving and serving students, professional norms of loving their posts and dedication, rigorous professional qualities of studying, being tireless and teaching others, moral demeanor of leading by example, teaching and educating people, having both ability and political integrity, pursuing the professional moral realm of "being cautious and independent" and "being upright", and shaping a brand-new image of higher vocational teachers.
Fourthly, construct a comprehensive evaluation system suitable for the cultivation of students' professional ability.
1. Strengthen the pertinence of the proposition and assess the students' real level. Higher vocational colleges should strengthen the pertinence of examination propositions according to the teaching practice of students and teachers, so that students of different degrees can get corresponding assessments. Students who have a solid foundation and study well can test their level and be truly top-notch; Students with poor foundation can make progress and feel that they have learned something through hard work, so that all students can compare their past and present, thus enhancing their confidence and motivation in learning and making clear the direction of struggle.
2. Establish a flexible and diverse examination system based on vocational ability assessment. According to the needs of social professional posts (groups), higher vocational colleges should start with the analysis of professional characteristics, list the professional ability items that students must master, determine the professional ability standards, implement the professional ability grade examination, and conduct a comprehensive assessment of students. The assessment results should be based on the combination of theory and practice, on-campus and off-campus, attitude and achievement, and peacetime assessment and final assessment, highlighting the determination of students' ability to analyze and solve problems.
3. Promote non-normative evaluation. Non-normative evaluation is a new concept put forward in recent years, which means that in daily educational activities, students can feel the expectation and evaluation from teachers from their casual words and deeds. It is interactive, spiritual, artistic, situational and educational.
Higher vocational colleges should base themselves on the cultivation of students' professional ability, not only strengthen students' professional operation skills and practical application ability, but also attach importance to the cultivation of students' psychological quality, sound personality, will quality, moral emotion and other comprehensive qualities. Therefore, the education evaluation of higher vocational colleges should start from these two aspects, and strive to cultivate students' ability and quality, not only to cultivate students into excellent "professionals", but also to promote them to become "all-rounders" with comprehensive and harmonious development.