Confucius is a famous thinker, educator and politician in China. He first proposed heuristic teaching. He believes that when students think seriously and reach a certain level, teachers should enlighten and inspire students. He was also the earliest educator who adopted the method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude in teaching practice. He advocated "no education for all", founded private schools and enrolled more students, which broke the monopoly of slave owners and nobles on school education and expanded the scope of education to civilians, conforming to the trend of social development at that time.

In terms of moral cultivation, he put forward methods such as determination, self-denial, practice, introspection and courage to reform. The dominant idea of Confucius' teaching thought is "learning and knowing". While advocating not to be ashamed to ask questions, be open-minded and eager to learn. At the same time, he emphasizes the combination of learning and thinking, and at the same time, he should "apply what he has learned" and apply what he has learned to social practice.