Jin Ximin/,Shi/. Zhong Yong/born five years ago, never tasted/knew books and tools, and suddenly cried/asked for them. Fathers, on the other hand, borrowed/approached/and wrote four poems, while/named themselves. His poems/with the intention of adopting parents and collecting families, spread/learn/observe in a hometown. Nature/refers to things like poetry/standing, and its arts and sciences/considerable. Yi people/wonder, ignore their father, or/beg with money. Father benefits/naturally, the Japanese forbid Zhong Yonghuan from learning from the public.

I've heard a long time ago. In Ming Dow, I saw it from my ancestors/home and my uncle's home, twelve or thirteen. Write a poem that you couldn't hear/speak/hear before. Seven years later, I returned to my uncle's house from Yangzhou and asked him, "I lost everyone."

The prince said, "So did Zhong Yong's understanding/acceptance of heaven. Its/from heaven, virtue is/things are far away; If the pawn is for all, then/if it is subject to others/then it will not be done. He/she is blessed by heaven, so he/she is virtuous, he/she is not loved by others, and he/she is for everyone. Today/husband is not affected by the sky, and he is solid; People who don't accept/people who don't accept can be evil/everyone/just evil? " .

Second, the significance of the topic

Hurt means "pity". Shang, it is he who pities this gifted child prodigy, because he doesn't study, so that he becomes an unknown mediocrity as an adult.

However, from a historical macro point of view, we can only say that Fang Zhongyong's father is too stupid. Mozart's father has traveled around with his son since childhood, but look at him.

Shang Zhong Yong is selected from Selected Works of Mr. Linchuan.

Three. Original text and notes

Fang Zhongyong, a native of Jinxi, is cultivated in the world. (The author explains Fang Zhongyong's native place, name, identity and family background. Zhong Yongsheng was five years old (this is a nominal age, but actually four years old). He didn't know how to write, and suddenly he cried. The father, on the other hand, borrowed from the side and approached it, that is, four sentences of books and poems, which were named after themselves. His poem/adoptive parents, home ("Book of Rites, funeral" Zheng Xuan's note: "The home of home, that is, don't be intimate, let it be Zhao Mu." "Biography of the Book of Rites" Confucius and Ying Da's justice: "If the clan is separated, the flesh and blood are separated, and the sacrifice in the ancestral temple is not serious; If it is accepted, the relatives will not be separated, Zhao Mu will have a relationship, and the ancestral hall will have dignity. " Therefore, the meaning of "gathering clansmen" is to unite clansmen in the order of respect, closeness and alienation, and not to separate them. Fang Zhongyong's experimental work "takes adoptive parents and families as its significance". "Adoptive parents" is the expression of "filial piety" and "family adoption" is the expression of "benevolence". Five-year-old children have such aspirations, which is very remarkable in feudal times. Therefore, it is no wonder that in addition to praise, people specially gave this poem to the scholars in their hometown for their evaluation. Scholars in rural areas (in Tang and Song Dynasties, it was a name for ordinary scholars, which was different from the students who passed the county examination in Ming and Qing Dynasties. "One township", the whole town. This sentence should be understood as being passed on to readers in the whole town, not just to a scholar. ) have a look. Of course, it means that things are poems (that is, "poems about things"). In the past, when children were trained to write poetry, they often designated an object as a topic, requiring that the characteristics of this object and some thoughts and feelings could be expressed in poetry. This was the initial training for writing poetry. ) established, its arts and sciences are considerable. People in the city are very surprised. They are a little nicer to their father or beg with coins. My father's interest is natural, and he will always pay tribute to the city people and let him be ignorant. (ellipsis. Omitted the object of "teacher", it should be "don't make it learn", where "ambition" refers to. )

I've been listening for a long time. In Ming Dow, ancestors returned to their hometown (Ming Dow) for only two years (1032- 1033). "Ancestor" This is the address of the late father. According to: Wang Anshi's father has a good reputation, but his handwriting is not good. In the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), he learned about Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) through his temple. Three years later, he left with Ding You and returned to China, accompanied by Wang Anshi (then 13 years old). Accordingly, this time I returned to Ming Dow for two years (1033). In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), Wang Yi died in Jiangning (now Jiangsu). Wang Anshi wrote this article in three years (1043), so he was called "Zu". ), I saw it at my uncle's house, twelve or three. Write a poem, (ellipsis. The object of "ling" is omitted, which should be "ling's poem" and "qi" refers to. ) can't be called the taste of the past. After another seven years, I returned to Yangzhou and asked my uncle how he was. He said, "Everyone has left."

The Prince (referring to Wang Anshi) said: Zhong Yong's general knowledge is also influenced by heaven. It is also blessed, far more virtuous than talents. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others. Becoming an ordinary person in the end is the reason why his acquired education is not in place. He is the recipient, so he is a saint, not the recipient, but for all; Today's husband is not subject to heaven, and he is not subject to heaven, only for everyone. A person's talent is important, but it is more important to go through continuous learning the day after tomorrow. )

Four. translate

Fang Zhongyong is a civilian in Jinxi County, who has been farming for generations. Zhong Yong was born five years ago. He never knew pen, ink, paper and inkstone. (One day) he burst into tears and asked for these things. My father was surprised by this, so he borrowed it from his neighbor's house. (Zhong Yong) immediately wrote four poems and inscribed his name. This poem is about supporting parents, uniting people of the same clan, and spreading it to the scholars in the whole town to watch. From then on, he was assigned to write a poem, which (he can) finish at once. The literary talent and truth of the poem are worth seeing. People in the same county were shocked by him and gradually invited his father to be a guest. Some people even paid Zhong Yong to write poems. His father thinks it's profitable, so he drags Zhong Yong to visit people in the same county every day and doesn't let him study.

I (Wang Anshi) have long heard about it. In the era of Ming Dow, my late father and I returned to my hometown and met him at my uncle's house. (He) is twelve or thirteen years old. Letting (him) write poetry is not as good as his previous reputation. Seven years later, I came back from Yangzhou and went to my uncle's house again. When I asked Fang Zhongyong, I replied, "(He) completely disappeared and became an ordinary person."

Mr. Wang said: our knowledge and understanding ability are innate. His talent is far higher than that of ordinary talented people. Because he didn't get the education the day after tomorrow, he finally became an ordinary person. A naturally intelligent person like him will become an ordinary person if he has no acquired education. Therefore, those ordinary people who are not born smart now may not be ordinary if they don't receive the acquired education.

A brief introduction to the author of verb (abbreviation of verb)

Wang Anshi (102 1 ~ 1086) was a minister of the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Originally from Linchuan, Fuzhou (now Fuzhou, Jiangxi), he was born in Linjiang Army (now Qingjiang, Jiangxi). The word Fu Jie, no, is Mid-Levels. Father Wang Yi, a scholar, worked in Jiangxi and Guangdong counties for a long time and died in jiangning house (Nanjing, Jiangsu). After the whole family moved, they couldn't stay long, so Jiangning became their second hometown. Yang traveled around with his father and learned a lot, as well as the people's feelings. In the second year of Li Qing (1042), he was promoted to Jinshi and served as the judge of Weinan East Road (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu). In the seventh year of Li Qing (1047), he was transferred to Yinxian County (now southeast of Ningbo, Zhejiang Province), visited Dongxi Township 14, deployed water conservancy projects, and created Gumin loan (at the beginning of the Young Crop Law). He has a good political record and a unique view that financial management must be a "world of capital" (that is, relying on the development of production). Huang You was transferred to Zhou Shu (now Anhui Huaining) for three years (105 1). Fan Zhongyan and Fu Bi, celebrities in the capital, heard his words and his politics, so they wrote letters of recommendation. They all refused to take the post of Hanlin Pavilion on the grounds that "the family is poor and there are many people". During this period, they only served as pastoral judges of Taichang Temple for one year, insisting on leaving Beijing as southeast local officials and "doing their best". The second year of Jiayou (1057) was well known in Changzhou. The following year, he was transferred to the prison of Tiaodian East Road (Raozhou, now Boyang, Jiangxi) and soon became the judge of the third division. Xiang Renzong's Quotations advocated that the reform of official administration should start from all aspects of cultivating and using talents, but also from financial management and military affairs, which was actually the early program or theoretical prototype of later reform. Renzong praised his literary talent, but he did not adopt the reform. Then on "Current Affairs" (also known as "Nothing in this century"; When it was put forward in the first year of Ning, JaeHee, Zongshen strongly urged timely reform. "There is a promising day, so don't rush to today; I'm afraid I have nothing to worry about today. " In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), Injong died, and soon his mother returned to Jiangning to keep her post. Yingzong was in power for four years, and he couldn't leave home.

In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zongshen ascended the throne and was renamed Yuan Xining the following year. From Jiangning magistrate to Hanlin bachelor, he strongly advocated political reform under the call of Zongshen. In the second year of Xining (1069), in February, he became a government affairs consultant and made the third division of laws and regulations, preparing for political reform. At the same time, Lv Huiqing was appointed secretary of laws and regulations, examined detailed texts, and became administrative deputy Wang Anshi's political reform. In that year, the equal loss law, the young crop law and the farmland water conservancy law were promulgated. The following year, he was appointed as Prime Minister. Shintoism strikes and establishes three rules, and the rights belong to Zhongshu. Promulgate the Garbo Law and the Conscription Law (first tried out in Kaifeng). In the following three years, the tribute law, market exchange law, horse protection law, land equalization tax law and general placement law were gradually promulgated; The Exemption Law was implemented in Kaifeng the following year. In the seventh year of Xining (1074), there were Wen Yanbo and Sima Guang outside, and there were three Empresses (Injong Empress, Yingzong Empress and Zongshen Empress) who strongly opposed the new law. Xia Zheng put forward an alarmist map of refugees. Lv Huiqing and Ceng Bu, important figures in the new law, lost peace with each other. Zongshen stopped the new law and resigned six times in anger. Jiangning house is out of phase. In February of the following year, the second stage was resumed. In the end, due to the differences with Zongshen, the reform progressed difficultly. Less than a year later, he resigned again and sentenced jiangning house to retire to Jiangning Mid-Levels Park. Be named Jing Guogong. In his later years, he became a good Buddha and wrote Zi Shuo to amuse himself, but he still did not forget the reform. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Zongshen died. The following year, Zhezong changed to "Yuan You", the Empress Dowager listened to politics, Sima Guang was appointed as prime minister, and was dismissed successively. He died of illness in April 1920. History is "Wen", so history is called "Wang Wengong". There are Wang Wen's Official Documents Collection, Mr. Linchuan's Collection, Zhou Guan Xin Yi, Eleven Goushen and other masterpieces handed down from ancient times.

Explanation of key words and expressions of intransitive verbs

First of all, word explanation

1. Li: belongs to;

2. Ten miles of farming: generations engaged in agricultural production;

3. Never: Never;

4. Demand: Requirements

5. Different: I feel strange;

6. Borrow nearby: borrow nearby;

7. and: give;

8. book: write;

9. For: writing;

10. take … as the meaning: take … as the content of the poem;

1 1. Viewpoint: Look;

12. Nature: From now on;

13. Yes: this, this;

14. Just: finished;

15. Or: someone;

16. guests: treat guests with gifts from guests, using nouns (treat guests);

17. Yi people: people from the same county;

18. Begging: begging;

19. Li Qiran: covet this (once profitable);

20. Pull: By "crawling", pulling and leading;

2 1. Wei Huan: visit everywhere;

22.make:let；

23. follow: follow;

24. say: in line with;

25. Ran Min: Disappeared.

Second, the sentence solution

1. Father is different, he is close to it.

Father was very surprised and lent it to nearby Zhong Yong.

2. In this name, he wrote poems for adoptive parents and families.

Then he wrote down his name. His poems focus on caring for his parents and living in harmony.

3. Nature means that things stand for poetry, and their arts and sciences are considerable.

From then on, as long as someone points to something, you can write a poem and finish it at once. Its rhetoric is worth reading.

4. Yi people are very strange, a little guest is their father; Or ask for it with money

The fellow villagers were surprised and gradually treated their father as guests; Some people also use money to beg for Zhong Yong's poems.

My father benefited from it, and the Japanese La Zhong Yonghuan paid tribute to the city people, without learning or skill.

My father was very greedy. He dragged Zhong Yong to visit his fellow villagers everywhere and wouldn't let him study.

6. You can't call it the smell of the past.

Translation: It can't be consistent with what I heard before.

7. Everyone's gone!

Zhong Yong's eccentricities disappeared completely and he became an ordinary person.

Seven, people's education edition teaching reference

First, the overall grasp

Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper illustrates the importance of acquired education to success. The article is divided into two parts: the narrative part describes that Fang Zhongyong was gifted when he was a child, but because his father "refused to learn", he eventually "disappeared from everyone" and became mediocre; The discussion part shows the author's point of view, pointing out that the decline of talents in Fang Zhongyong is due to "being influenced" and emphasizing the importance of acquired education. Taking Fang Zhongyong as an example, this paper explains the universal truth and gives people profound thinking.

The language of this article is very accurate. In the narrative part, a short 150 words completely describe the changing process of Fang Zhongyong from five to twenty years old, while in the discussion part, there are only 70 words. Every word and sentence in the text has its exact expressive function, which is not dispensable. For example, in the first paragraph, the first sentence explains the native place, identity, name and family background, which is not only an essential general introduction, but the word "Li Shigeng" is the necessary foreshadowing for "not knowing books and tools" and "not learning skills", which not only sets off Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, but also implies the family background that caused his fate; The word "crow" vividly describes the modality of Fang Zhongyong children asking for books and tools; The three adverbs of "suddenly", that is, "stand up", make the image of a gifted and quick-thinking child prodigy jump from the page; Sun Ban Zhong Yonghuan demoted to the city people ",just one sentence depicts the sad ignorance of Fang Zhongyong's father who is greedy for small profits and complacent; The word "unlearned" seems dull, but it indicates the change of Fang Zhongyong and points out the key to change the fate of Fang Zhongyong. The second narrative is very brief, with only one "look", one "smell" and one "ask" to explain Fang Zhongyong's later changes and ending. The discussion part at the end is concise and profound, and the reasoning is rigorous. We can observe and taste the characteristics of this language word for word.

The language of this article is plain and emotional. This article, entitled "Hurting Zhong Yong", describes what can be hurt and how to be hurt. Between the lines, it reveals the author's regret that a child prodigy finally "disappeared from everyone's face" and the sorrow of those who "suffered from heaven" but "suffered from people", and shows the author's point of view with a clear attitude.

Second, the problem research

1. Why does this article detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong first appeared?

This article describes in detail the situation when Fang Zhongyong's talent first appeared. This arrangement implies the main idea of the article and accords with the author's intention.

Wang Anshi wrote this article to illustrate the importance of "the recipient", that is, the acquired education, with Fang Zhongyong as a negative textbook. The word "injury" in the title has revealed this. "Hurt" means sadness and pity. Why did the author "hurt" Zhong Yong? Because of Fang Zhongyong's extraordinary talent, he was "unappreciated by others" and eventually "lost everyone". But this is not caused by Zhong Yong himself, and Zhong Yong can't be blamed, because he is a child after all and can't control his own destiny. This is caused by his greedy and short-sighted father. In the first paragraph, the article describes in detail the situation when Zhong Yong's talent first appeared. There are two clues: one is from describing the sudden appearance of Fang Zhongyong's talent to his growing reputation; Another story tells that Zhong Yong's father discovered his son's talent and used his son's talent as a means of profit. The intention of this writing is: first, it shows that "Zhong Yong knows the general situation" is indeed a "lucky day" with innate factors; On the other hand, it was during this period that the seeds of decline were sown, that is, "the father benefited nature, and the day shift Zhong Yong was surrounded by local people, so that it was not allowed to study", indicating that Zhong Yong did not receive normal acquired education. As for the decline or even loss of Zhong Yong when he grew up, it was the inevitable result of "being unlearned". Of course, needless to say. The narrative part already contains the truth to be explained, so it is needless to say the discussion part.

2. What role does the phrase "I've been listening for a long time" play in this narrative?

The narrative of this paper adopts the way of seeing and remembering, the first paragraph is "smelling", and the second paragraph is "seeing" and then "smelling". It describes Fang Zhongyong's debut at the age of five, his decline at the age of 12 or 13, and the ending of "disappearing from the crowd" seven years later, which shows that Fang Zhongyong can change in three stages. The narrative is coherent and clear, with compact details, concentrated content and clear meaning. This way of watching and recording also brought Fang Zhongyong into contact with "I", which was full of life breath and gave people a real feeling. The narrative part of the article integrates three paragraphs of "smell", "see" and "smell" in chronological order, and the turning sentence is "long-heard" sentence. The word "zhi" in this sentence is a link between the past and the future, which refers to the situation in the period when Zhong Yong talents first appeared; The words "smell" and "for a long time" indicate that the author has not been in his hometown for a long time, and only learned from rumors that he has never seen Zhong Yong-this last point is implied in the whole sentence. If this point is made clear, the whole sentence should be "I have heard about it for a long time, but I have not seen him." In this way, it is natural to say "see" in the future. It can be seen that the sentence "I have heard for a long time" uses two meanings: one is bright and the other is dark, to realize the transformation of context.

3. How to understand the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient"?

The last discussion part is reasonable. The author thinks that Zhong Yongzhi's General Studies is a book that picks up people from heaven, and the reason for the decline of its talent is that those who pick up people don't come, which leads to a feeling that those who are less talented than Fang Zhongyong will be even more unimaginable if they don't pick up people. This passage discusses things step by step, distinguishes the relationship between "recipient" and "recipient", and makes people deeply feel the importance of "recipient".

By "connecting with the sky", the author refers to people's talents; "Recipient" refers to the acquired education. The author thinks that the latter is more important, that is, the acquired education is crucial to a person's success, which is undoubtedly correct. It should be noted here that the "recipient" refers to the acquired education that people receive, not their own acquired learning and subjective efforts (Fang Zhongyong could not study and work hard because of his father's "refusal to learn"). These are two different issues, and the latter is beyond the scope of this article. But we can get inspiration from it, which is helpful for us to understand the relationship between human talent and acquired learning and subjective efforts.

Practice note

Read the text carefully and answer the following questions.

This topic guides students to familiarize themselves with the text, clarify the context of the article and grasp the author's point of view.

1. What stages did Fang Zhongyong go through?

The first stage: "Zhong Yongsheng lived for five years ... his art and science are considerable." Fang Zhongyong was gifted at writing when he was young. He could write poems.

The second stage: "... twelve point three. Poetry cannot be called the smell of the past. " Fang Zhongyong can't decline until he is twelve or thirteen years old, not as good as before;

The third stage: "Another seven years ... everyone is gone." Seven years later, Fang Zhongyong became a mediocre man.

2. Fang Zhongyong changed from a genius to a "silent man". What is the reason?

Judging from Fang Zhongyong's personal situation, the reason is that "the father benefits nature, and the day shift Zhong Yonghuan is admired by the city people". He is greedy for small profits and short-sighted, but "does not learn". Rationally speaking, as the author thinks in the following discussion, Fang Zhongyong's "being a pawn for everyone" is because "he is not influenced by others", that is to say, he did not receive the normal education the day after tomorrow.

3. What does the last paragraph say?

See "Text Discussion".

Read the full text carefully, refer to the following examples and pay attention to the pause in the sentence.

This is a reading training question, which focuses on cultivating students' reading ability to grasp sentence pauses, but it can also cultivate students' ability to understand sentence meanings.

1. Borrow the word "near/same", that is,/write four poems,/take this as the name.

2. His poems take adoptive parents and family as their meanings. ...

I have been listening for a long time.

Translate the following sentences and pay attention to the meaning of the underlined words.

There are two kinds of words added in these sentences, one is special usage ("odd", "guest" and "benefit"), and the other is function words commonly used in classical Chinese ("Yu").

1. People in the city are very strange. Invite my father a little or beg with coins.

Be surprised at ... Guest: treat guests politely, treat them ... as guests.

2. My father's interests are natural. Japanese La Zhong Yonghuan admires the city people and is ignorant.

Leon: Think … is profitable, and regard … as profitable.

It is a godsend, far from talent. If a chess piece is owned by everyone, it will not be influenced by others.

Yu: than. Y: Yes.

4 △ Make an impromptu speech in class on the topic "What does Fang Zhongyong think?", and determine the angle and viewpoint of the speech by yourself.

The purpose of this topic is to train students to establish an observation angle, the ability to extract ideas from materials and the ability to express ideas in language. The center of the speech is required to be clear, the level is clear and the language is concise. Limited time requires quick thinking and quick organization of language. Students should be encouraged to refine their views from the case of Fang Zhongyong, instead of sticking to a single model.

Teaching suggestion

First, let students use text notes and reference books to read the text, complete their homework independently, and cultivate their self-study ability. The teacher added a little dial and answered the questions appropriately.

Second, although this course does not require reciting, we should pay attention to reciting. Be sure to be familiar with the text, and it is best to memorize it.

Third, we should grasp the characteristics of this article, clarify the relationship between materials and opinions, and understand the author's thoughts and opinions.

Fourth, pay attention to the detailed and appropriate writing of this article and try to figure out the precise language.

related data

additional remarks

1. Set clan relatives: "Book of Rites, Mourning" Zheng Xuan's Note: "Set clan relatives, that is, don't be intimate, make Zhao Mu." "Biography of the Book of Rites" Confucius and Ying Da's justice: "If the clan is separated, the flesh and blood are separated, and the sacrifice in the ancestral temple is not serious; If it is accepted, the relatives will not be separated, Zhao Mu will have a relationship, and the ancestral hall will have dignity. " Therefore, the meaning of "gathering clansmen" is to unite clansmen in the order of up and down, so as to keep them close and not fall apart. Fang Zhongyong's experimental work "takes adoptive parents and families as its significance". "Adoptive parents" is the expression of "filial piety" and "family adoption" is the expression of "benevolence". In feudal times, it was remarkable that a five-year-old child could have such ambitions. Therefore, it is no wonder that in addition to praise, people specially gave this poem to the scholars in their hometown for their evaluation.

2. Pass on the concept of a scholar in a township: "Scholar" is the name of ordinary scholar in the Tang and Song Dynasties, which is different from the students who passed the county examination in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. "One township", the whole town. This sentence should be understood as being passed on to readers in the whole town, not just to a scholar.

3. Poetry refers to things: that is, poems about things. In the past, when children were trained to write poetry, they often designated an object as a topic, requiring that the characteristics of this object and some thoughts and feelings could be expressed in poetry. This was the initial training for writing poetry.

4. In Ming Dow, I returned to my hometown to worship my ancestors: "Ming Dow", the year number of Song Renzong (1032 ~ 1033). "Ancestor", this is the name for the late father. According to: Wang Anshi's father has a good reputation, but his handwriting is not good. In the eighth year of Tiansheng (1030), he learned about Shaozhou (now Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province) through his temple. Three years later, he left with Ding You and returned to China, accompanied by Wang Anshi (then 13 years old). Accordingly, this time I returned to Ming Dow for two years (1033). In the second year of Baoyuan (1039), Wang Yi died in Jiangning (now Jiangsu). Wang Anshi wrote this article in three years (1043), so he was called "Zu".