Most destructive earthquakes make people feel the ground shake for only a moment, only strong earthquakes can make people feel as long as one minute, while most destructive earthquakes last only a few seconds. Therefore, only by keeping calm and taking decisive measures to protect ourselves can we reduce the losses caused by disasters. Here's how to protect yourself in various environments: 1. Methods of avoiding inspection and self-help and mutual rescue during earthquake; 1. How do people at home protect themselves during the earthquake? When you feel the ground or buildings shaking, remember that the biggest damage comes from falling debris. At this time, you should move cleverly to avoid it. 1. In the house, quickly hide in a safe place, such as hiding under a desk, workbench or bed. In the unit building. You can choose to open a small bathroom and corner, relying on the support of water pipes and gas pipes to reduce casualties. For workers who live outdoors and in bungalows, they can escape outdoors with quilts, pillows or helmets on their heads during the earthquake. When it's too late, it's best to stay indoors for shock absorption. When they come down, they should lean their heads against the wall, so that the sunken part between their eyes above their noses rests on their horizontal arms, close their eyes and mouths and breathe through their noses. Generally speaking, they should not run out of the building, and it is best to find a safe place nearby to hide. After the earthquake, they should wait if evacuation is necessary. 2. In case of earthquake, the door frame will not open due to deformation, so it is best not to close the door when it is earthquake-proof. When there is an earthquake at night, we should race against time to move to a safe place. Don't waste time looking for things and dressing up. If possible, we should turn off the power, gas and lights immediately. Use a flashlight for lighting, not open flames such as matches and candles. 3. During an earthquake, if you have been smashed or buried under a collapsed object, you should first observe the surrounding environment, find a passage and try to get out. If there is no passage, you should save your strength, don't make a hullabaloo about, and listen to what is going on outside. If you hear someone passing by, you can knock on the iron pipe or wall to avoid the sound coming out, so as to help. At the same time, we should find life-sustaining food in a narrow space. (2) How do outdoor personnel carry out personal protection during the earthquake? 1. People who are outdoors during the earthquake should never walk into the house to save their loved ones despite the vibration of the earth. They can only be rescued in time after the earthquake. 2. If you are walking on the sidewalk next to a tall building, you should quickly hide in front of the tall building to prevent sundries from falling and hurting yourself. 3. The car driver should brake on the spot, and the train driver should take emergency braking measures to brake steadily and gradually to ensure the personal safety of the train and passengers. 4. If you feel an earthquake on the hillside, don't run down the hill with rolling stones, but hide behind the raised hills on the hillside and stay away from the steep cliffs to prevent the threat of collapse, landslide and debris flow. At the seaside, if it is found that the sea water suddenly recedes, faster than the ebb tide and lower, we should pay attention to the sudden attack of the tsunami and move to a higher place as soon as possible. (3) How do people who work in their jobs protect themselves during an earthquake? When an earthquake occurs, people at work and production posts should first close the valves of flammable, explosive and toxic gases, and individuals should take immediate measures to prevent electric shock according to their environment. 1. During the earthquake, the staff in the office building should quickly hide under their desks and evacuate from the stairs after the earthquake. Never jump off a building. 2. Workers working in the factory during the earthquake should immediately turn off the machine, cut off the power supply, quickly hide under lathes, machine tools and tall equipment, and never run around in a hurry. When the earthquake happens, the workers working underground should stop production immediately and don't rush out. Underground is usually safer than above ground. Avoid dangerous areas such as roadways or shafts, and choose supported roadways to reduce vibration. After the earthquake, it moved to the ground in an organized and orderly manner. 4. Some on-the-job personnel of Lifeline Project should take earthquake-proof measures immediately according to their respective professional characteristics and norms. For example, in the event of an earthquake in a chemical plant, emergency measures should be taken to prevent the leakage of flammable, explosive and toxic gases and liquids, and all kinds of gates and power supplies should be closed immediately to prevent secondary disasters. (4) How can people in public places protect themselves during an earthquake? When encountering an earthquake in a public place where people gather, panic is the most taboo, otherwise it will lead to disorder and mutual squeezing, resulting in casualties. You should evacuate from multiple intersections quickly and systematically. 1. In case of an earthquake in a theater, gymnasium, etc. You should be calm, especially when there is a power failure at the scene. Don't make a hullabaloo about, let alone push around. You should squat down or hide under a row of chairs, pay attention to avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans, and protect your head with a leather bag. After the earthquake, listen to the command of the staff and evacuate in an organized manner. 2. During the earthquake, when you are in shopping malls, bookstores, exhibition halls, etc. , should choose solid counters, goods (such as low furniture, etc. ) or columns, and squat down in the inner corner, protect your head with your hands or other things, avoid glass doors and windows, or squat down in the passage, waiting for the earthquake to subside and evacuate in an orderly manner. When studying in class, you should hold your head and close your eyes quickly under the teacher's command, hide under the desk, and never run around or jump off the building. After the earthquake, we should leave the classroom in an organized way and go to the nearest open-air earthquake site to prevent the earthquake. 4. The stadium where the competition is going on should immediately stop the competition, stabilize the mood of the audience, prevent confusion and crowding, and evacuate to the outside of the stadium in an organized and step-by-step manner. Second, personal post-earthquake self-help methods After a major earthquake, there were piles of rubble, dangerous houses and houses everywhere in broken walls. Before there is foreign aid, self-help is a struggle with death. Time is life. From the experience of previous major earthquakes, it can be known that after the earthquake, the survival rate of people selected within one day can reach 80%, and the survival rate of the second swallow is 30-40%. The longer the time, the lower the survival rate. Most of the personal injuries caused by earthquakes are caused by the collapse of houses. Once buried, do: 1. When buried under the ruins, it is very important not to collapse mentally, so you should have courage and perseverance. Strong desire for survival and optimistic spirit full of confidence are powerful driving forces to create miracles in the process of self-help. 2. After being buried, cover your nose, mouth and head with wet towels, clothes or other fabrics to avoid suffocation and accidents caused by dust. Try to move your hands and feet, eliminate all kinds of objects pressing on your body, support the heavy objects with movable objects around you, avoid collapse, expand the space for safe activities and ensure sufficient air. If conditions permit, you should try to escape from the danger and move to a safer, spacious and bright place. 3. After being buried, pay attention to the surrounding environment, find a passage and try to climb out. Don't shout if you can't climb out. When you hear someone outside, call again, or knock at the door loudly, and send a distress message to the outside world. 4. When you can't get out of danger, try to reduce physical exertion, find food and water, use them in a planned way, wait for the opportunity optimistically, and try to get in touch with rescuers outside. Third, after the earthquake, the people rescued each other. After the earthquake, time is life. Therefore, family members, neighbors, colleagues at work, or passers-by who meet by chance should first save people from the nearest place. As long as someone is buried nearby, it is necessary to rescue them first, buy time and reduce casualties. The principle of saving people after an earthquake is: 1. In the process of mutual rescue, we should be organized and pay attention to methods, so as to avoid blindly seeking quick success and instant benefit and increase undue casualties. First of all, by listening, calling and asking questions, and according to the structural characteristics of the building, judge the position of the buried person, especially the position of the head. In excavation and rescue, it is best to dial by hand, not dig with sharp tools. 2. If the injury is serious and you can't walk out, don't drag it hard. You should try to expose your whole body, find out the injury, and implement bandage fixation or first aid. 3. In mutual rescue, portable tools such as shovels and irons and convenient equipment such as towels, sheets, shirts and boards should be used. 4. When excavating, it is necessary to distinguish between supported and buried obstacles. It is necessary to protect the supports, remove the buried objects, and protect the space where the buried people live from being flooded. 5. When removing buried objects, drilling and dividing, water should be poured conditionally to prevent the wounded from suffocation and death. 6. For the wounded who can't be rescued temporarily, we should protect the space under the ruins, keep ventilation, deliver food and wait for the rescue opportunity. Throughout the ages, no matter how human society develops, disasters and accidents always occur from time to time, threatening the safety of human life and property. Although disasters and accidents cannot be completely eliminated and avoided, a large number of practices at home and abroad have proved that disasters and accidents can be prevented, and effective protective measures can reduce the losses caused by disasters and accidents. Do you know how to save yourself effectively in the face of natural disasters? (1) When the self-rescue rainstorm comes, if our home is in a low-lying place, we can take measures of "small enclosure" according to local conditions, such as building a fence with red bricks, placing sandbags at the gate, and configuring small pumps. If we live on the ground floor, we should move the electrical sockets and switches at home to a safe place above the ground 1 meter. Once the outdoor water overflows into the house, cut off the power supply in time to prevent electric shock from hurting people. When threatened by flood, if there is enough time, it is necessary to move to safe places such as hillsides and highlands in an organized way according to the predetermined route; In the case of being caught off guard and surrounded by floods, it is necessary to use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds and other items suitable for floating to transfer water as much as possible. If the flood comes too fast to move, climb the roof, tall buildings, big trees and high walls immediately and stop to avoid danger. But don't swim and escape, let alone climb electrified telephone poles and iron towers, and let alone climb the roof of mud houses. At the same time, seek help from the outside world through various channels, get in touch with the flood control department of the local government as soon as possible, tell them our location and danger, and actively seek rescue. If the flood continues to rise, it is difficult for us to protect ourselves in temporary shelters, so we should make full use of life-saving equipment around us to escape from the water. Find a rope that is strong enough and long enough (you can also use a torn quilt cover instead). First, tie one end of the rope to a firm place in the house, and then take the rope to the nearest fixture (such as a tree, a concrete column, etc.). After winding the rope around the fixture several times, it will go to the next fixture. So repeatedly, gradually move to a higher place. If you have been involved in the flood, you must try your best to catch fixed or floating things and look for opportunities to escape. In mountainous areas, if it rains continuously, it is easy to flash floods. When mountain torrents break out, we must keep calm, quickly judge the surrounding environment, don't run along the spillway, quickly hide to both sides, or move to a higher place as soon as possible to prevent being washed away by mountain torrents, and pay attention to prevent landslides, rolling stones and mudslides. If you can't escape for a while, you should choose a relatively safe place to avoid the flood and don't wade across the river easily. If you are trapped by mountain torrents, you should contact the flood control department of the local government in time to seek rescue. (2) Self-rescue in a typhoon is accompanied by abundant rain, and typhoons always cause various injuries. Because of its sudden and destructive characteristics, it is one of the most serious natural disasters in the world. When the typhoon comes, try to stay indoors, try not to go out for a walk, let alone go to the area where the typhoon passes, swim or sail on the beach during the typhoon, and don't go to the beach to watch the tide. If you have to go out, you should bend down and huddle up. Be sure to put on light waterproof shoes and colorful tight underwear, fasten clothes or tie them with belts to reduce the wind area, and put on a raincoat, rain hat, hat belt or helmet. When walking, you should walk steadily step by step, and you must never run when the wind is downwind, otherwise you will not be able to stop and even be blown away. Try to grab corners, fences, posts or other solid fixtures to walk; When walking in a street with dense buildings, pay special attention to falling objects or flying objects to avoid injury; When you come to the corner, stop and observe before you go. Walking rashly is likely to be injured by flying objects. When crossing a narrow bridge or a high place, it is best to lie down and crawl, otherwise it will easily be blown down or fall into the water. Call the police for help in case of danger (local government's disaster prevention telephone number, 1 10, 1 19, etc.). In case we are accidentally blown into the water in the typhoon, it is most important to keep calm. When you fall into the water, try to catch the floating wood, furniture and other items around you. Take a deep breath before falling into the water, grit your teeth when sinking, and make us float to the surface with the help of natural buoyancy; When a big wave approaches, you can bend down and dive into the bottom, put your hands in the sand to stabilize your body, and then surface after the big wave; When the waves come, we should straighten up, put our chin forward, make sure our mouths are out of the water, keep our arms stretched forward or our backs flat, and keep our bodies in a surfboard state. After the wave comes out, swim forward while treading water, while observing the movement of the next wave, and then keep kicking with the momentum of the wave, try to float on the wave and follow the wave trend, and try to get close to the shore. (3) Self-rescue earthquakes rarely occur in earthquakes. Once it happens, houses will collapse, dams will burst and the earth will crack, which will bring serious losses to our lives and property. In order to protect ourselves in the event of an earthquake, we should adopt the following emergency self-help methods: If an earthquake happens suddenly, if we are indoors, we should hide between two load-bearing walls in time, such as the kitchen and bathroom. You can also hide under solid furniture such as tables and cabinets and in indoor corners, and protect your head with bedding, pillows, cotton-padded clothes, washbasins and other items. Never stay near the window or balcony, and don't try to run out of the building, because it's too late. Leave the house as soon as possible after the earthquake and move to a safe place. If the house collapses in the earthquake, you should stay under the bed or table and never move. Wait until the earthquake stops before moving out or waiting for rescue. When an earthquake happens, if we are in a public place, we can't panic and run around. Calm down, observe the surrounding environment, and immediately hide in the nearest and safer place, such as under the desk, cabinet and stage. Never stay in dangerous places such as tall buildings, billboards, narrow alleys and bridge heads, and don't run into buildings to avoid danger. If we are unfortunately buried in the ruins after the earthquake, we must first find ways to remove the objects that are pressed above our abdomen; At the same time, cover your nose and mouth with towels and clothes. Prevent smog from choking people; Try to find food and water and create living conditions. When you hear a noise outside, make full use of all kinds of instruments around you to ask for help, such as hitting each other with hard objects such as metal and stones, or calling for help loudly, but pay attention to saving your physical strength and avoiding premature failure.