The basic balanced development of compulsory education is a standard category with a bottom line. Compulsory education is a public product, which is uniformly implemented by the state according to law, and there are few school-age children.
The education that must be received in 2008, the resource allocation of all schools must meet the bottom line standard set by the state, and the balance below the standard is not the development goal pursued by the state. The bottom line standard of the basic balance of compulsory education has two dimensions: First,
It is the absolute standard dimension, that is, the construction of compulsory education schools and the quality of school services should meet the minimum standards, which is the essential requirement put forward by the development of compulsory education. There are two aspects here: from the perspective of the government's allocation of resources to schools,
It is necessary to ensure that the school-running conditions and resource allocation of each school in the urban and rural compulsory education stage meet the national minimum standards; Judging from the educational services provided by the school for students, it is necessary to ensure that the school can run all classes in the whole compulsory education stage.
Cheng, reduce the heavy burden of schoolwork, the quality of education meets the minimum requirements stipulated by the state, so that the dropout rate of junior high school students and the class size of schools are controlled within the scope stipulated by the state. Second, the relative standard dimension, that is, the balanced development coefficient of compulsory education should reach the minimum standard, which is the tolerance requirement of the development of compulsory education for the horizontal gap. There are three aspects here: the gap between inter-school conditions and resource allocation cannot exceed a certain limit; The quality gap of inter-school education cannot exceed a certain limit; Different groups, such as migrant children, disabled children, students from poor families, orphans, street children and other different student groups, can not get more than a certain limit of educational opportunities. The balanced development of compulsory education is a process of continuous improvement and pursuit of Excellence on the basis of understanding and drawing lessons from these two standards.
The basic equilibrium of compulsory education is a concept of horizontal comparison. Compared with different reference objects, the realization level of basic balanced development of compulsory education is also different. From the perspective of policy operation, the comparison of balanced development of compulsory education
There are five levels: first, the balanced development of groups in school space, covering the balanced development of different groups such as gender, nationality, religion, class, identity and disability. The second is the balanced development among schools in the county (district) space.
Exhibition, which covers the balanced development between different groups and different schools. At present, there is still a big gap between urban and rural schools in terms of school conditions, resource allocation and education quality. Rural schools and teaching points are in software and hardware.
Each component has obvious shortcomings and should be the strategic focus of basic balance in the future. The third is the balanced development of counties (cities) in space, including the balanced development among different groups, schools and counties. although
The gap between counties still exists, but the gap between districts and counties has become a new focus of attention. In our investigation, we found that in some counties, the per capita performance salary of teachers is only
There is 1.8 million yuan, while other districts and counties in the same prefecture-level city are as high as 60,000 yuan, which is more than three times that of the former. The first three levels should be the core connotation of the basic balance of compulsory education by 2020. Besides, there are two more.
Hierarchy is the requirement of depth balance. First of all, the balanced development of provincial (city) space includes the balanced development among different groups, schools, counties and cities. Second, the inter-provincial balanced development in national space, including
Balanced development among different groups, schools, counties, cities and provinces. The balanced development of compulsory education adopts the strategy of promoting from small to large and regional.
The basic balance of compulsory education is a gradual development process. In different development periods, the emphasis of balanced development of compulsory education is different. From 20 10 to 2020, the balanced development of compulsory education can be divided into two stages: one is initial equilibrium, and the other is basic equilibrium. In the initial stage of balanced development, the government's balanced allocation of educational resources in schools is the focus. In the stage of basic balanced development, while the space for balanced allocation of educational resources is constantly expanding, the focus should gradually shift to the balance of the quality of educational services provided by schools to students. In the initial equilibrium stage from 20 10 to 20 15, governments at all levels should strive to realize the balanced allocation of school education resources within the county (district), including teacher resources, education funds,
School standardization, etc. Among them, the balance of teacher resource allocation is the key. In the basic equilibrium stage from 20 16 to 2020, governments at all levels should ensure that the balanced allocation of school resources expands to the provincial space, and at the same time, at the county level,
On the basis of the balanced allocation of resources, focusing on improving the quality of education, the school is the unit to provide all students with basically balanced educational services. Of course, there is no spear between resource allocation and quality improvement.
Shield, you can have both. Not only that, the basic balanced strategic focus began to shift to the characteristic development of the school, providing students with education suitable for their personality characteristics.
The key to the basic balance of compulsory education lies in
Institutional mechanism innovation. The biggest obstacle to the balanced development of compulsory education is the system obstacle. At present, there are public schools in many areas. On the one hand, teachers in these schools enjoy the salary paid by the government, on the other hand.
On the one hand, they are charging parents. In some areas, the total salary of urban teachers is much higher than that of rural teachers, which makes it difficult for remote and hard rural schools to attract excellent teachers and excellent normal university graduates to teach. village
The basic conditions for running a school are not up to standard, but urban schools are equipped with high standards for running a school, and so on. It can be seen that in order to realize the comprehensive promotion of compulsory education from "initial balance" to "basic balance", it must be reformed with corresponding institutional mechanisms.
Leather is the guarantee.