First, education and teaching attitude.

1, love your job and be dedicated.

Confucius said, "So, can you spare no effort? Loyal, don't be shy! ("Fourteenth Constitutional Question")

Confucius said, "You love him, can you not work hard for him?" ? Be loyal to him, can you not teach him? "

Zi Zaichen said, "Go home! Return to! The boys in our party are crazy, simple and talented. I don't know why he was cut. " (Volume V of Industrial Yard)

Confucius said in the state of Chen, "Go home! Go home! The students there are ambitious and talented, and I don't know how to guide them. "

Second, the teaching purpose

1, learning and practice

Confucius said, "It's okay to learn and learn from the times! How happy we are, to meet friends from afar! People don't know or care, not a gentleman! " ("Learning comes first")

Confucius said, "Isn't it a pleasure to learn from the times?" ? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? I don't resent that others don't understand me. Aren't you also a gentleman? "

Lutz smells, but if he can't, he will be afraid to hear it. (Volume V of Industrial Yard)

Lutz heard new knowledge, but before he practiced it, he was afraid to hear new knowledge again.

Third, the teaching content.

1, there is no sex and heaven.

Zi Gong said: "You can get and hear the master's articles; The nature of Confucius' words and the nature of heaven cannot be heard. " ("Gongye Chang" Volume 5)

Zi Gong said: "We can hear the teacher's knowledge about literature; We can't hear the teacher's remarks about human nature and heaven. "

2. Ideal education

Yanyuan lujishi Confucius said, "What did you say?"

Lutz said, "I hope my horse, horse, clothes and clothes can be shared with my friends. I have no regrets."

Yan Yuan said: "I hope that there is no good cut, and I will get it for nothing."

Lutz said, "I want to hear about Zizi's ambition."

Confucius said, "Old people are safe, friends are trustworthy, and teenagers are pregnant." (Gongye Chang V)

Confucius sat, and Yan Yuan Lutz stood by to escort him. Confucius said, "Why don't you talk about your ambition?"

Lutz said, "I would like to share my clothes, fur and robes with my friends. There is no regret when it is broken. "

Yan Yuan said: "I am willing not to brag about my achievements or declare my contributions."

Lutz said, "I want to hear your wishes."

Confucius said: "Make the old people live a stable life, keep promises among friends and care for their children."

Fourth, teaching subjects.

1, lay a solid foundation for life

Confucius said, "Disciple, if you enter, you will be filial; You were younger when you left. You are sincere and trustworthy, you love, but you are kind. Learn literature if you have spare capacity. " ("learning first")

Confucius said: "People who are brothers and sons of others are filial to their parents at home;" When going out, you should respect your brother, be honest and trustworthy, take care of people extensively, and be kind to the people. If you have extra ability, you should study literature. "

Teaching principles of verbs (abbreviation of verb)

1, example is greater than precept.

Zi Gong asked the gentleman. Confucius said, "Speak before you act."

Zi Gong asked how to be a gentleman. Confucius said, "Do what you want to say first and let others follow you."

2. Teaching and learning learn from each other

Xia Zi asked, "What is it?" ( 1)? Confucius said, "After painting (II)." Confucius said, "After the ceremony?" Confucius said, "If you give it, you can discuss it (3), and then you can talk about poetry."

Xia Zi asked Confucius, "The dimple face is beautiful, the black and white eyes are charming, and the plain foundation is endowed with literary talent." What are these poems about? Confucius said: "literary talent should be based on simplicity." Xia Zi asked, "So, does this mean that courtesy comes after benevolence? Confucius said, "The person who inspired me is Shang." Now I can discuss the Book of Songs with you. "

Step 3 be consistent

Confucius said, "Come on! My way is consistent. " Ceng Zi said, "Only."

When the child came out, the master asked, "What is it?" Ceng Zi said: "The only way to be a master is loyalty and forgiveness." (standing fourth)

Confucius said, "Yes, there is a basic truth in my theory." Ceng Zi said, "Yes."

After Confucius went out, a student asked, "What does this mean?" Ceng Zi said: "The teacher's theory is only loyalty and forgiveness."

Sixth, teaching methods.

1, to be honest, to be honest.

Zi Gong said, "Poor but not flattering, rich but not arrogant?" Confucius said, "Being poor can make you happy, while being rich can make you polite." Zi Gong said, "As the poem says,' If the edge is sharp, if it is polished', what does it mean?" Confucius said, "Giving can tell people, and the Book of Songs is gone." (learning first)

Zi Gong said, "How about being poor without flattery and being rich without arrogance?" Confucius said, "Yes, but it is not as good as the poor who are willing to learn Taoism and are rich and courteous." Zi Gong said: "Like bones, horns, ivory and jade, we must cut the materials first, then file the model roughly, then carve it finely, and finally polish it." Is that what you mean? "Confucius said," Give it to me, and I can start talking about poetry with you now. I can tell you the past, and you can know the future. "

2. Teaching students in accordance with their aptitude

Zi said to Zi Gong, "Which is better?" He said, "How dare you turn back if you give it? I can also smell one thing and know two things. " Confucius said, "As it is; I am like a Confucian scholar. " (Volume V of Industrial Yard)

Confucius said to Zigong, "Who is stronger, you or Yan Hui?" Zi Gong replied, "How dare I look up to Yan Hui?" When you come back and hear one thing, you can infer ten things; I heard one thing, but I can only blame two things. Confucius said, "Not as good as him." . I agree with you, but not as good as him. "

Zaiying sleeps during the day. Confucius said, "Rotten wood can't be carved, and dung walls can't rot." What is the punishment? Confucius said, "I started with others. I listened to what they said and believed what they did." "Today, I am also a person. Listen to what he says and observe what he does. Giving and changing are right. " (Volume V of Industrial Yard)

Zaiyu sleeps during the day. Confucius said, "Rotten wood can't be carved, and the wall of dung can't be painted." What can I say about Zaiyu? " Confucius also said: "I used to believe that others would do as they said;" Now when I listen to others, it depends on what they do. It is being slaughtered, which makes me change the way I look at people.

Seven, learning attitude

1, gentle, respectful and frugal

Qin Zi asked Zi Gong: "As far as a country is concerned, will the Lord hear about its politics, make peace with it, and suppress it?" Zi Gong said, "The master is gentle, courteous and frugal, and he can get what he deserves. What the owner wants is the sum of all other people's requirements. " ("Learning comes first")

Qin Zi asked Zi Gong, "When a teacher goes to a country, he always hears the politics of that country. Did he ask for it himself, or did someone else tell him? " Zi Gong said: "Teachers are earned by virtue of gentleness, courtesy and frugality. Maybe he got it in a different way than others? "

2. Eat without satisfaction, and live without stability.

Confucius said, "A gentleman doesn't want to eat enough, and he doesn't want peace. If he is sensitive to things and careful about what he says, he will know the right way and become honest. " ("Learning comes first")

Confucius said, "A gentleman doesn't worry about not having enough to eat, not worrying about being uncomfortable, but talking diligently and carefully, and looking for someone who has a good way to correct himself. In this way, he can be said to like learning. "

Step 3 be honest

Confucius said, "What do you know? What you know is what you know and what you don't know is what you know. " (Political Science, Volume II)

Confucius said, "Zhong You, do you know what I taught you? It is wise to know what you know and not know what you don't know. "

4. Learn from everyone.

Confucius said, "Seeing the sage Si Qi, but not seeing the sage, you should reflect on yourself." ("Liren" No.4)

Confucius said, "When you meet a wise man, look up to him; If you encounter immorality, you should introspect yourself. " .

Zi Gong asked, "Why did Confucius call it Wen?" Confucius said, "You are sensitive and eager to learn, and you are not ashamed to ask questions." (Gongye Chang, fifth).

Zi Gong asked, "Why posthumous title? Who gave Kong Wen a' text'?" Confucius said: "I am diligent and smart, like learning, and I am not ashamed to learn from people who are not as good as myself, so I take' Wen' as posthumous title."

Eight, learning methods

1, learning in life

Xia Zi said: "The sage changes color; Parents can do their best; As a gentleman, you can pass through him; When you make friends, you should keep your promise. Although you say you haven't studied, I will call it learning. " ("learning first")

Xia Zi said: "A person can value virtue rather than beauty to serve his parents and can do his best;" Serving the monarch can give his life; Keep in touch with friends and keep your word. Although he said he didn't study it specially, I must say he did. "

2, introspection and practice

Ceng Zi said: "I look after myself three times a day and am unfaithful to others." Don't believe in making friends? Can't you learn? "("learning comes first ")

Ceng Zi said, "I have to reflect on myself many times every day. Do I try my best to serve others? Is it honest and trustworthy to associate with friends? Is the knowledge that the teacher taught me used in practice? "

Confucius said: "I always talk back to you, and I don't violate it, just like a fool." It is also full play to protect my privacy, and it is not stupid to retire. " (Political Science Part II)

Confucius said, "I talked with Yan Hui about learning all day, but he never raised any objection, as if he were stupid. When he goes home to reflect on his life, he can also play it. Yan Hui is not stupid. "

Learn new things by reviewing the old ones

Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." (The second part of politics)

The translator said: "Review old knowledge, have new experiences and discoveries, and you can become a teacher."

Step 4 think

Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." ("Politics")

Confucius said: "learning without thinking is useless, and learning without thinking is useless;" It is dangerous to think without studying. "

Nine, learning realm

Confucius said, "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand up at thirty, not be confused at forty, know my destiny at fifty, listen to my ears at sixty, and do what I want at seventy, without exceeding the rules." (The second part of politics)

Confucius said: "I decided to study at the age of fifteen;" Self-reliance at the age of 30; Forty years old is no longer confused; Fifty years old, I know my destiny; Sixty-year-olds are not disgusted to hear all kinds of remarks; At the age of seventy, you can do anything you want without breaking the rules. "

X. learning environment

Confucius said, "Benevolence is beautiful. If you don't choose benevolence, you don't know. " (standing fourth)

Confucius said, "Where you live, there should be benevolent people. How can you be smart when you choose a place with no lofty ideals? "