Brief Introduction Bai (70 1-762) is the most outstanding poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and also a great romantic poet after Qu Yuan in the history of China literature, and is known as the "Poet Fairy". He had a rough experience and complicated thoughts. He is not only a brilliant poet, but also a ranger, assassin, hermit, Taoist and counselor. Confucianism, Taoism and Rangers are all reflected in him. "Retire after success" is the dominant thought that dominated his life. Li Bai left more than 900 poems to later generations. These brilliant poems show his mental journey all his life, and they are artistic portraiture of social reality and spiritual life in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was ambitious all his life, and he expressed his yearning for fame and fortune unabashedly. This is vividly expressed in Fu Liangyin, Reading Biography of Zhuge Wuhou, and Love Cai Sheren Bear. Li Bai liked Ren Xia since he was a teenager, and wrote many ranger poems, among which Knight Rider is the representative work. Three years of political life in Chang 'an had a profound influence on Li Bai's creation. There is a sharp contradiction between his political ideal and the dark reality, and unspeakable pain and resentment accumulate in his chest. Angry wrote good poems, so he wrote a series of nostalgic people, such as "Difficult to Go", "Antique" and "Answering the King for Twelve Nights". A famous sentence that is sad for a person's life and difficult to send away. Li Bai lived a wandering life for most of his life, traveled to many famous mountains and rivers all over the country, and wrote a lot of beautiful poems praising the great rivers and mountains of the motherland to express his feelings of loving freedom and yearning for liberation. In this kind of poetry, the strange mountains and rivers complement his rebellious and unruly character. This kind of poetry occupies a large number in Li Bai's poetry works, and has been passed down through the ages, among which "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is the most outstanding masterpiece. With dripping and carefree poems, the poet freely spread the wings of imagination, wrote all kinds of spiritual adventures and pursuits, and truly liberated the repressed soul in his dreams. And "Oh, how can I seriously bow and scrape to high-ranking people and people in high positions? They will never stand being shown an honest face!" His poems show the poet's lofty sentiments and become an important basis for future generations to examine Li Bai's great personality. As a great poet who loves the motherland, cares about the people and never forgets the reality, Li Bai is also very concerned about the important issue of war. Enthusiastic praise is given to the soldiers guarding the border (such as "Xia Sai Qu"), and the wariness of the rulers is mercilessly lashed (such as "Battle of the South of the City" and "Song of Ding Du"). Li Bai also wrote many Yuefu poems, describing the hard life of laborers and expressing their concern and sympathy (such as Long March and Midnight Wu Ge). ) Li Bai's poems and songs have the artistic charm of "the pen falls and the wind and rain shake, and the poem makes the gods cry", which is also the most distinctive artistic feature of his poems. As a romantic poet, Li Bai mobilized all romantic skills and realized the perfect unity of poetry content and form. Li Bai's poems are full of self-expression and subjective lyricism, and the expression of feelings is overwhelming. For example, when he entered Beijing as an official, he said, "Laugh to the sky. Are we Artemisia people? " When I miss Chang 'an, "the wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang trees in the west." Such poems are very infectious. Extreme exaggeration, apt metaphor and amazing fantasy make people feel highly real. Reading these poems, such as "But since the water is still flowing, even though it is cut with a sword, it is even more worrying to raise a glass to dispel the sorrow" and "The white hair is three thousands of feet, and the sorrow is as long as long", readers can't help being infected by the poet's long sorrow and endless melancholy. Li Bai's artistic expression is particularly prominent in his poems, such as Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Difficult Road to Shu, etc. In Li Bai's poems, imagination, exaggeration, metaphor and personification are often used comprehensively to produce a fantastic, magnificent and moving artistic conception, which is why Li Bai's romantic poems give people a heroic, unrestrained and elegant charm. His language is clear, lively and meaningful, just as two of his poems say, "clear water gives birth to hibiscus, and it is naturally carved." Li Bai's poems and songs had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Han Yu, Meng Jiao and Li He in the middle Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi, Yang Shen and Gong Zizhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were all greatly influenced by Li Bai's poems. Du Fu (712-770), with beautiful words, was a great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as "Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. His hatred of evil taught him a lesson about corruption in the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. During my study roaming (before I was thirty-five), I traveled in Wu, Yue (now Jiangsu and Zhejiang), Qi and Zhao (now northern Shandong and southern Hebei), and went to Luoyang to find a job. After meeting Li Bai in Luoyang, they formed a profound friendship, then met Gao Shi and traveled with Liang and Song (now Kaifeng and Shangqiu). Later, Du Li went to Jizhou again, met at the east foot after breaking up, and separated again, so there was no chance to meet again. Second, during the period of being trapped in Chang 'an (35 to 44 years old), Du Fu won the first and last place in Chang 'an. Later, he presented gifts to the emperor and presented them to the nobles. He lived a life of "detaining the rich in the morning, following the fat horse dust at night, throwing a cup and baking it cold, hiding his worries everywhere". Finally, he got a small official who led the government to join the army. During this period, he wrote poems such as "Car Shop" and "Two Ways", criticizing current politics and satirizing dignitaries. The book "Singing 500 Words from Beijing to Fengxian" is particularly famous, which indicates that his understanding of the political and social reality of the imperial court has reached a new height after ten years of hard life in Chang 'an. 3. Being trapped as a thief and being an official (45 to 48 years old). When the Anshi Rebellion broke out and Tongguan fell, Du Fu settled in Zhangzhou and went to Suzong alone. He was captured by the Anshi Rebellion and taken to Chang 'an. In the face of chaos in Chang 'an, he heard the news that the loyalist troops were repeatedly defeated, and wrote poems such as Moonlit Night, Spring Hope, Ai Jiangtou and Sad Chen Tao. Later, he fled to Fengxiang to cheat and made a collection. Because of the suggestion, Shangshu was demoted to be the prime minister of joining the army. Later, he recorded his experiences in the form of poems and became his immortal works, namely "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells". Fourth, the wandering period in the southwest (48 to 58 years old). With the collapse of Xiangzhou loyalist and the famine of Guanfu, Du Fu abandoned his official and fled with his family, passing through Qin Zhou and Tonggu, and lived a relatively stable life in Chengdu. When he entered the DPRK, the warlord in the middle of Shu rebelled and he went to Zizhou and Langzhou. Then go back to Chengdu. After Yanwu's death, he drifted again, lived in Kuizhou for two years, drifted to the same lake and died on the Xiangjiang River. The works of this period include Heart on the Water Threshold, Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, Sick Orange, Climbing the Building, Book Reading, The Yellow River was recaptured by the imperial army, Showing Wu Lang again, Ascending the Mountain, Qiu Xing, Three Jueju and Sui Yanxing. Throughout his life, Du Fu's thoughts were "worrying about Li Yuan in poor years" and "being the best monarch and being Yao Shun", so his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the old themes of Yuefu and created many new themes of Yuefu, such as "three officials" and "three parting". After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu. -Du Fu (712-770), born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Grandfather Du was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty. In his youth, he traveled to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei and Shandong, met Li Bai twice and forged a profound friendship. In the fifth year of Tianbao reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (746), Du Fu came to Chang 'an. The following year, he took the imperial examination of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Due to the obstruction of treacherous court official Li, none of the candidates were admitted. Since then, there is no way to make progress and live in poverty. It was not until the fourteenth year of Tianbao (755) that he got the position of "from Wei Ling to Fu" and was responsible for guarding the arsenal. In the same year, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Du Fu was visiting relatives in Fengxian County (now Pucheng, Shaanxi Province). In the second year, he settled in Qiang village of Yinzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province) and defected to Su Zong, who ascended the throne in Lingwu (now Gansu Province). On the way, he was captured by the rebels and taken to occupied Chang 'an, during which he witnessed the killing and looting atrocities of the rebels and the suffering of the people. It was not until April of the second year of Zhide (757) that he ventured to Fengxiang (now Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), the temporary residence of Su Zong, and was awarded the post of left. Soon after, he was demoted to join the army as secretary of Huazhou for helping to look after the house. Since then, he was very disappointed with the real politics, gave up his official position, moved his family to the west, and finally arrived in Chengdu. With the help of Yanwu and others, he built a thatched cottage on the banks of Huanhuaxi in the west of the city, named Du Fu Cottage. Later, he was recommended by Yanwu as a clerk and Yuanwailang in the collating department. After Yanwu's death, he left Chengdu and his family lived in Kuizhou (now fengjie county, Sichuan). Two years later, from Kuizhou to Jiangling and Hengyang. In the fifth year of Emperor Taizong (770), the poet died in a boat on the Xiangjiang River. His poems are famous for their richness and variety in art, sometimes bold and unrestrained, sometimes gloomy and sad, or colorful or plain. He is good at metrical poetry and the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His poems are harmonious in rhythm, concise in wording and sentences, and "obsessed with human kindness, words are not surprisingly endless", which is a true portrayal of his rigorous creative attitude. In the history of China literature, he is known as a "poet saint". More than 400 of his/kloc-0 poems have been handed down to this day. This is Du Shaoling. Du Fu Caotang is one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units, which is located on the Huanhua River outside the west gate of Chengdu. It is the former residence of Du Fu, a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, when he lived in Chengdu. Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), with a beautiful word, was named Shaoling Yelao, and was also called Du Gongbu because he was the inspector of the Ministry of Industry. A native of Gongxian County, Henan Province, lived in the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline, and had a bumpy life and eventually failed. Because of his brilliant achievements in poetry creation, he is known as the "sage of poetry" and has spread more than 400 poems/kloc-0. At the end of winter in 759 AD, Du Fu went into exile in Chengdu to escape the Anshi Rebellion. The following spring, with the help of his friends, he built a small house next to the beautiful Huanhua River, which is the Chengdu Caotang, which is called "Wan Li Qiaoxi House, Baihuatan Beizhuang" in his poem. He has lived here for nearly four years, leaving more than 240 poems, such as Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night, Shu Xiang and other famous works, among which "The Hut is Blown by Autumn Wind" is an eternal masterpiece. Du Fu lived and made friends in Chengdu, and his poems, paintings and calligraphy were endless. "Two orioles singing green willows, a line of egrets on the sky. The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the Wu Dong Wan Li boat stops at the door. " This poem "Four quatrains (the third)" vividly depicts the spring scenery of the Bo family that the poet saw in the thatched cottage. In 765, Yanwu died of illness, and Du Fu, who lost his only support, had to reluctantly bid farewell to Chengdu. Today's Du Fu Cottage has been restored many times, covering an area of more than 240 mu, and it is one of the most concentrated tourist attractions in Chengdu. In the thatched cottage, nanmu towering, Meizhu forest, winding streams, staggered bridges and pavilions, Chai Men flower path and winding paths lead to secluded places, and the garden pattern is elegant and beautiful. The building starts from the main entrance, followed by the Great Temple, the Hall of Poetry and History, the Chai Men and the Hall of Ministry of Industry. Among them, the Great Temple and Chai Men are the original buildings of the thatched cottage mentioned in Du Fu's poems. In the middle of the hall of poetry and history is a statue of Du Fu, and there are couplets and plaques inscribed by celebrities of past dynasties in the hall. There is a portrait of Du Fu in the shrine of the Ministry of Industry, accompanied by Lu You and Huang Tingjian. 1985, Du Fu Caotang was renamed Du Fu Caotang Museum, with a collection of more than 30,000 books and more than 2,000 cultural relics. Including fine engraving, photocopying, manuscripts of Du Fu's poems in Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as various modern printed editions, as well as foreign language translations in 15 languages and more than 20 Chinese paintings published in Korea and Japan. Du Fu wrote more than 1000 poems in his life, among which "Three Officials" and "Three Officials" are famous. Du Fu's poems fully expressed his deep sympathy for the people and exposed the sharp opposition between the exploiters and the exploited in feudal society: "The drunken road in Zhumen froze to death!" This immortal poem has been remembered by the people of China for generations. "Dare to love death when saving, and be afraid when you are lonely!" This is the full expression of Du Fu's incomparable love for the motherland, and it is also the reason why his poems are so popular. Du Fu's patriotic hot pillow is also very rich in his masterpieces such as Spring Hope and Imperial Army Recovering the Banks of the Yellow River. In "Three Officials" and "Three Farewells", he praised the patriotic spirit of the broad masses of people who endured all kinds of pains, and even showed readers his childlike innocence of patriotism and love for the people. Out of love for the motherland and the people, it is bound to have a strong hatred for the extravagant and dissolute face of the ruling class and the crimes that bring disaster to the country and the people. This point has been vividly demonstrated in the immortal masterpieces "Car Shop" and "Two Ways". A great patriot's concern for the country and the people is bound to be expressed in other ways. Some of Du Fu's poems about things and scenery, even those about couples, brothers and friends, are permeated with deep feelings for the motherland and the people. In a word, Du Fu's poems are an artistic record of the decline of the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu bravely, faithfully and profoundly reflected the extremely extensive social reality with the positive spirit of joining the WTO. No matter what kind of sinister situation, he didn't lose heart. In the long history of China literature, the cognitive function, reference function, educational function and aesthetic function of Du Fu's poems are unattainable. The greatest artistic feature of Du Fu's poems is that poets often hide their subjective feelings in objective descriptions and let things impress readers themselves. For example, in Two Ways, the poet did not directly reprimand Yang's brother and sister for their debauchery, but the author's love-hate attitude has been fully revealed from their specific descriptions of clothes and diet. Du Fu's poems are simple, popular and realistic, but they are very skillful. He also often uses monologues and proverbs to highlight the characters' personalities. Du Fu's poems are especially good at describing details when depicting characters, such as a passage describing his wife and children in the Northern Expedition. Du Fu's poetic style is changeable, but on the whole it can be summarized as depression and frustration. The cadence here refers to the deep meaning of the article, while the cadence refers to the ups and downs of feelings, tone and syllables. All these have established Du Fu's supreme position as a "poet saint" in China's literary history of more than 3,000 years. This place. Bai Juyi (772 ~ 846) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Lotte,No. Xiangshan lay, Mr. Drunk Sound. Bai Juyi was born in Xinzheng, Zhengzhou. He has been very clever since he was a child. He studied poetry at the age of five or six, and was familiar with rhyme at the age of nine. 15, 16 years old, determined to learn and study hard, my mouth is sore and my elbow is sore. Twenty-nine years old, Jinshi Ji. At the same time, he was admitted to the "Excellent Book Judgment" with Yuan Zhen. This is where their engagement began. Later, they became famous in the poetry circle and were called "Bai Yuan". In the first year of Yuanhe (806), the proofreader was dismissed. In Yuanhe two years, he was sent to Jixian College of Science. 1 1 month, awarded the bachelor's degree of academician courtyard. The following year, I was awarded the left supplement. In five years, Cao, a resident of Jingzhao Prefecture, joined the army, all of whom remained as Hanlin's bachelor. Drafting imperial edicts and participating in state secrets. In the sixth year of Yuanhe, Bai Juyi returned to Beijing as the doctor of Prince Zuo Zanshan after serving his mother's funeral. In the tenth year of Yuanhe, the separatist forces in the two rivers jointly rebelled against the Tang Dynasty and sent people to assassinate Wu, the prime minister who advocated the separatist regime in the region. Bai Juyi took the lead in getting rid of the murderer to avenge his country. However, he was attacked by corrupt bureaucratic forces for exceeding his authority, and fabricated the charge of "damaging the name of religion" and was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima. This is a heavy blow to him. In the thirteenth year of Yuanhe, he served as the secretariat of Zhongzhou. In fifteen years, he was recalled to Beijing, worshipped the minister of history as a foreign minister, moved to the doctor, studied the imperial edict, and entered the Chinese book to give up people. Due to state affairs, the cronies of the DPRK and China have been in conflict with each other and have repeatedly refused to listen. In the second year of Changqing (822), he requested to go abroad and go out to be the secretariat of Hangzhou. After that, I worked as a short-term Suzhou secretariat. When I was in Hangzhou, I built a lake embankment to store water and irrigate more than 1000 hectares of land. And dig six wells in the city to drink. On the day I left Suzhou, people in the county sent each other tears. In the first year of Emperor Wenzong Daiwa (827), he visited our company. The following year, he was transferred to assistant minister of punishments. Bai Juyi began to live in Luoyang at the age of 58. He has served as a distinguished guest such as Prince, Henan Yin, and Prince Shaofu. In the second year of Huichang (842), he became an official with the minister of punishments. In Luoyang, he lived a life of drinking, playing the piano, writing poems, traveling and "telling his family". He often sings with the famous poet Liu Yuxi and calls him "Bai Liu". In his comfortable old age, he still often thinks of the people. At the age of 73, he also invested in digging Longmen Bashi Beach to facilitate navigation. He died two years later. Buried at Pipa Peak in Xiangshan, Longmen. The poet Li Shangyin wrote an epitaph. Bai Juyi left nearly 3000 poems in his life. He compared poetry to a fruit tree and put forward the famous argument of "root feeling, Miao language, Hua Yin and true meaning" (Yu Yuan Jiu Shu). Bai Juyi compiled several poems before his death, first named Bai Changqing Collection, and later renamed Bai Anthology, with a total of more than 3,800 poems, 75 volumes and 5 volumes. The turmoil at the end of the Tang dynasty, the manuscripts scattered, once written and then written, is not the original appearance. The earliest extant white anthology is Shaoxing block print of Southern Song Dynasty (11~1162), with only 7 1 volume and more than 3,600 poems.