( 1833- 1896)

During 1864, a boat was parked on Lake Mara near Stockholm, Sweden. The residents nearby are full of fear about this ship, and no one dares to go near it, because Nobel, the king of explosives, is trying to make explosives on board.

Why did you do the experiment on the boat? It turns out that studying explosives is a very dangerous job. When Nobel tried to produce explosives in the laboratory, a big explosion occurred, killing five people on the spot, including Nobel's younger brother and his father. After the disaster, the surrounding residents were very scared and strongly opposed Nobel's making explosives there. Nobel was not intimidated by the explosion, so he moved the equipment to the nearby Lake Mara and continued his experiments on board.

Nobel is Swedish. He was weak and sick since childhood, but he was strong-willed and unwilling to lag behind. His father likes chemical experiments and often tells Nobel stories about scientists, encouraging him to be a useful person when he grows up. Once, seeing his father developing explosives, Nobel Jr. opened his eyes and asked, "Dad, explosives hurt people, which is a terrible thing. Why did you do it? " Dad replied, "Explosives can be mined."

As an engineer in his youth, Nobel traveled in Europe and America for four years and gained a deep understanding of the industrial development of various countries. At that time, many countries urgently demanded to develop mining industry and speed up mining, but explosives could not meet this need, which was a big problem to be solved urgently. Knowing this situation, Nobel decided to improve the production of explosives and develop new explosives.

Before Nobel, many people studied and made explosives, such as black powder in China and nitroglycerin invented by Italians. Nitroglycerin is much more explosive than black powder, but it is not easy to control, easy to explode by itself, and not easy to explode according to people's requirements. It is very dangerous to manufacture, store and transport, and people don't know how to use it, so people only use it to treat angina pectoris for more than ten years after its invention.

Nobel started with the manufacture and research of nitroglycerin. At first, he detonated nitroglycerin with black powder, and later he invented a detonator to detonate it, and obtained an effective method to make nitroglycerin explode.

After the initial success, there was a great setback in the big bang in the laboratory. Nobel had to move the laboratory to the ship. Later, after many twists and turns, he found a new site in a place called Winterwigan, where he established the world's first nitroglycerin factory.

The road of Nobel's research is really full of difficulties and disasters. The nitroglycerin he made often exploded: an American train was blown into a pile of scrap iron; A factory in Germany, all in ruins; The ship sank and people died.

These tragic accidents have made countries around the world lose confidence in nitroglycerin, and some countries have banned its manufacture, storage and transportation. In this difficult situation, Nobel never gave up until he solved the problem of unstable nitroglycerin. After repeated experiments, he finally invented the method of absorbing three nitroglycerin with a diatomite (a tiny biological shell called diatom). For the first time, it was made into an industrial explosive that can be safely transported and used. Nobel made persistent efforts to push forward the achievement of this invention. He invented a kind of high explosive glue-fried glue with collodion and nitroglycerin. Then a small amount of camphor was added to nitroglycerin and fried rubber to make smokeless powder.

After the invention of safe explosives, they were widely used in mining and road construction, and the output of explosives increased greatly, and Nobel's financial resources also rolled in. However, Nobel's life is still very simple. He didn't even get married for research. One year before his death, Nobel left a will to set up a scientific research institution, and the other part was used as a reward fund to award physics, chemistry, biology and medicine, literature and peace (the economic prize was added in 1968), and was awarded to people who made outstanding contributions in the above fields all over the world. It is considered a great honor for the scientific community to win the Nobel Prize.

Nobel was thin when he was a child. When I was ten years old, I went to Badburg, Russia with my mother, reunited with my father, and began to receive guidance from my tutor. I went to the United States to study at the age of 17 and returned to China two years later to work in my father's company.

Influenced by his father, Nobel was interested in studying explosives. Later, he made a lot of money by making explosives and developing oil fields. However, when he saw that the explosive he invented was used in war, he felt very sad, so he devoted his life to calling on the world to use gunpowder for peace. Nobel used his huge wealth to set up a fund to award prizes to people who have made outstanding contributions in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, literature and peace every year. Being able to win the Nobel Prize has always been regarded as a great honor!

It's foggy in the laboratory. Nobel worked selflessly. His brother came to him and said, "Nobel, I'm sorting out our family tree. You are a world-famous figure. How can I do without an autobiography? " Write an autobiography "

"Brother, don't use it."

"What should I do?" Nobel's brother advised him: "Brother, you wrote your autobiography not for yourself, but for our family! You write it. Your autobiography will add luster to our family tree! "

Nobel still disagreed, and his brother repeatedly persuaded him. Finally, he even begged, "Brother, are you afraid of wasting time?" In that case, you can talk about it and I'll record it. "

"I really can't do it." Nobel was modest, but said firmly, "I can't write an autobiography. There are so many planets in the whirlpool of the universe, and we are insignificant. What is worth writing about! "

I see! He thinks that everything he does is just for what human beings should do. Why should he exchange a little contribution for honor? Therefore, he never promised.

Nobel's brother had to leave with a sigh. Nobel once again immersed himself in experiments.

Nobel's last wish