There will be a lot of emotions flowing through people during the day. I have reconsidered the meaning of reading. Reading is actually reading yourself and building your own spiritual world with your own understanding. Sometimes reading may be to remove the barriers to communication, so that you can have a topic of communication with each other and have a discourse system that can understand each other. I thought about it, too. My first draft (that is, the last draft) has a small structure and I feel immersed in my own world. There is nothing wrong with this state, but being in this state for a long time makes it difficult for people to accept new things and concepts and enter a new realm. I really should study. It's okay. It's just utilitarian. Anyway, accepting new ideas will bring new blood. Breathe in and out. I wasn't here a second ago, but now I am.

what are you reading? I'll read it carefully. No complicated formulas, no wordy concepts. Social psychology is culture and life. How nice. Open the catalog. What are the introductions? People in China just love to write introductions, and everything should be put on a high-sounding shelf. Followed by theory and method. From self, social cognition, social behavior, attitude and prejudice, interpersonal relationship, social exchange and social influence, group and leadership, health psychology, cultural psychology and positive psychology. The whole book is a structure from individual to society, and finally some new categories of psychology are written.

Reading Ing (12: 39-1:14) is a complicated information processing process, so we need time to process, digest and internalize our knowledge. In fact, the summary of the first chapter of Social Psychology, Introduction to Social Psychology, was officially completed on July 27th. Yes, I'm stalling again. Under normal circumstances, this situation will have a broken window effect and disrupt the pace of review, but as far as the result is concerned, what we need is a good result. What we need is a change after making a mistake, not a slump after accepting criticism after making a mistake. Any behavior needs the support of internal psychological strength, so I choose to forgive myself, accept myself, and use more energy to promote the realization of the result, rather than obsessing about how to restrain myself.

What I've been thinking for a day or two is: don't be afraid. Instead of staying still, try to move forward. The postgraduate entrance examination scored 500 points. The topics are all in the books of seven professional courses. The knowledge points of postgraduate courses are no more than the more than 3,000 knowledge points of the college entrance examination. There are no more than 1000 knowledge points in English and politics. In short, the postgraduate entrance examination is a competition with a prescribed end point, and you are not required to get full marks. As long as you are better than others around you. I always review intermittently before I recall. I think my biggest misunderstanding at that time was that I was not clear. The content of learning is not clear, and knowledge is not classified in time during the input process, which leads to the loss of a lot of information in the process of cognitive formation. So know what you are doing, why you are doing it, and how you feel after doing it every day. Reflection and review are very important.

? Anyway, let me introduce the first chapter of social psychology, the introduction to social psychology. First of all, we need to make clear the position of social psychology in psychology. At present, psychology can be roughly divided into three parts: basic psychology, developmental psychology and applied psychology. Among them, basic psychology mainly focuses on the history and system of psychology, psychological theory, psychological measurement and statistics, cognitive brain science; Development and educational psychology pays more attention to the growth and development of students, education, learning, schools and children. Finally, applied psychology mainly includes psychological counseling, clinical psychology, advertising psychology, human resource management and social psychology. That is, social psychology under the system of applied psychology. It is worth noting that in recent years, clinical psychology has been gradually divided into the direction of basic psychology, because the required professional quality is very high (medical direction). Then, let's take a look at the general framework of this book. This book is divided into twelve chapters, and the overall review needs to be analyzed in chapters. This will avoid the problem that knowledge is messy and difficult to remember. The first part is the basic overview of social psychology: the introduction, theory and method of social psychology; The second part is the study of self in social psychology: self, social cognition (that is, one's own cognition of others), attitude and prejudice (the influence of cognition). The third part is self and others: social behavior, interpersonal relationship, social exchange and social influence, group psychology and behavior. The fourth part is the application of social psychology: health psychology, cultural psychology and positive psychology.

To enter the introduction of social psychology, we must first know why we should study social psychology (what is the purpose of learning it? In fact, we are trying to understand ourselves and others better. William james, one of the founders of American psychology, put self at the center of psychological research, followed by the study of self, which is the core content of psychological research. How to know yourself? Psychologists help us to know ourselves better by classifying ourselves and measuring our self-concept. Knowing others needs to start with the personality characteristics of the other person (the research of personality psychology provides the big five personality and the big seven personality for us to analyze what kind of personality the other person is. The second is to start from the situation and know what others will do under what circumstances. Personality and situation (environment) actually lead to a question: whether personality characteristics have a great influence on individuals or the environment has a great influence on individuals. The experiments of wall street games and community games tell us that the social norms conveyed by the game names are stronger than we thought, prompting people to react, and social situations can cover up individual personality characteristics to some extent. Because in the process of choice, more people make choices according to tips rather than personal personality characteristics. It can be seen that between people and situations, the influence of external situations on individual behavior is greater than that of internal personal characteristics.

Therefore, social psychology and personality psychology are also closely related and different. 1, the research content is different. Personality psychology mainly studies the internal psychological activity process, the structure of personality, the relationship between various parts and the internal motivation. Social psychology mainly studies how people are influenced by others and the influence of social interaction on individuals. 2. The research focuses are different. Personality psychology emphasizes individual differences and pays attention to the study of personality types, while social psychology emphasizes the universality of people and pays attention to the consistent influence of different social situations on people. 3. Different research emphases: Personality psychology mainly focuses on the basic theory of human behavior, while social psychology focuses more on the study of social psychology and behavior problems in people's daily life.

The last point of studying social psychology is that by studying social psychology, we can understand our social characteristics and the possible reactions of individuals in such a society, which will help us better adapt to society. Secondly, social psychology thinks about the meaning of life: social psychology discusses the value of people from the perspective of people and society, and finds that for people, the meaning of life lies in four aspects: first, independence; The second is ability; The third is relationship; the fourth is self-esteem.

After discussing the related issues of social psychology for so long, what is social psychology? There are many definitions of social psychology, but the definition of social psychology in the 3 12 exam was written by China scholar Wu Jianglin. Social psychology is a science that studies the changes and development of individual or several individuals' psychological activities under specific social life conditions. Other social psychologists' definitions of social psychology. Friedman believes that social psychology is a science that systematically studies social behavior from the perspective of behaviorism. Myers believes that social psychology is a science that studies how people think, interact and relate to each other from the perspective of social cognition. Shen Decan integrated the views of many people and thought that social psychology is a science that studies the social psychology and social behavior and laws of individuals and groups.

Many people will think that psychology is sometimes no different from common sense, especially for social psychology, which is closer to life. The knowledge of social psychology is closely related to trial. Social psychology, like other social science knowledge, can be explained by common sense to some extent, but common sense is not necessarily correct. There are two reasons: the reason why social psychology is different from common sense is closely related to the irrationality of human behavior. In the study of decision-making, Simon found that people follow the principle of satisfaction rather than rationality. The difference between social psychology and common sense is also manifested in the influence of temporary form on social psychology. Social psychology research has always been inseparable from values, whether it is topic selection, bold social behavior or popularization and application.

? The three fields of social psychology research are: individual process (individual behavior and psychological process, such as individual attribution, motivation, achievement, attitude, self and personality development), interpersonal process (interpersonal interaction, aggression and altruism, interpersonal attraction and love, social exchange) and group process (macro environment and organizational field, cultural influence, environmental psychology and organizational behavior).

? The last part is the development history of social psychology: 1879, Feng Te established the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig University, announcing the birth of scientific psychology. At that time, structuralism was the mainstream, and the method was mainly introspection. ) Feng Te mainly studied national psychology in his later years, but unfortunately it didn't attract public attention. The early development philosophy of psychology has something to do with society. Whether human nature is determined by society or nature. In the development of schools of psychology, the attention to social psychology is a process from scratch. The classic psychoanalytic theory founded by Freud analyzes human personality and psychological development from the perspective of internal motivation, but ignores the influence of external social factors on personality development, thus treating personality development as a closed system independent of the external world. Adler believes that the sense of inferiority in the process of growing up is the driving force to promote personality development. Jung emphasized the influence of extensive social factors on personality development. Anna Floyd replaced his father's theory of sexual factors with the viewpoint of self-development in Self-Defense Mechanism. Hartman and Eriksson put forward their own self-psychology, emphasizing the significance of self-development to people. Finally, the social school gradually evolved, and the influence of social culture on personality development was recognized. So what is behaviorism? Behaviorism is actually a school that emphasizes the influence of external environment on human behavior. Watson believes that psychological content is not a necessary part of the seven methodologies, and predicting and successfully controlling behavior is the real purpose of psychology. Skinner's point of view: everything I do and ourselves are determined by the history of rewards and punishments. If people want to be happy, they must use positive Tsinghua to control people's behavior, which is more effective than arbitrary control of social environment. The last one is humanism, the third force of psychological school. Compared with psychoanalysis that emphasizes internal factors and behaviorism that emphasizes external factors, humanism emphasizes the wholeness of human beings and holds that the ultimate goal of psychological research is human value, dignity and self-realization. In fact, humanistic psychology also emphasizes the role of internal factors and ignores human sociality. The positive psychology movement in 2 1 century is the continuation of humanism.

The last part of this unit is to sort out the emergence and development of social psychology. The first stage is the generation stage. 1895, Triplett made the first social psychology experiment and answered, "What will happen to the individual's homework performance when others are present?" The conclusion is that individuals perform better in a group bar environment. 1908 McDougall William's Introduction to Social Psychology and Ross's Social Psychology marked the birth of social psychology. Focusing on the individual, McDougall William explained the individual behavior of human beings from the perspective of instinct, thinking that human behavior is determined by instinct, and instinct determines the individual's motivation and behavior tendency. Ross understands the role of social influence on human behavior from interpersonal process, such as imitation and suggestion. He believes that social psychology should study the psychology and behavior of groups rather than individuals. Allport's social psychology in 1924. This book proves that experimental methods can provide an important means to understand human social behavior, and social psychology will surely become a branch of psychology. (allport is the founder of experimental social psychology) Social psychology is the study of individual social behavior and social consciousness, trying to understand and explain how individual thoughts, emotions and behaviors are influenced by the real, imagined or implied existence of others. During World War II, a large number of psychologists immigrated to the United States. These people not only pay attention to the role of cognitive process in explaining social behavior, but also begin to pay attention to the influence of culture and other factors on people (authoritative personality, obedience behavior). In 1970s, psychologists began to reflect on experimental social psychology, mainly questioning the external validity of the research results. What they want to know is whether the results obtained from the laboratory can be used to explain human behavior in reality. Since 1980s, the development of social psychology has entered a brand-new era (research on achievement attribution theory, attribution style and self-efficacy), and the influence of culture has begun to attract the attention of social psychologists. With the development of social cognitive neuroscience, social psychologists began to pay attention to the biological basis of social behavior.

Learning the theoretical framework is so troublesome. Can you only learn by rote?