1, from the won surname, after Boyi. There was a descendant of Boyi named Fei Lian, whose surname was Ping's in Pingyi (now wenxi county East) until the sixth grandson was named Ping's Mausoleum. When Zhou Xian was in office, he was named (southwest of Linyi, Shanxi), so he removed the word "Yi" and added the word "Yi" to indicate that he left Pingyi, which was called Pei's.
2. It originated from the State of Qin in Zhou Dynasty. Qin's front body was sealed in Qin by Zhou, which was called in history. Some descendants of Qin Feizi were named Marquis and leaders of Peixiang (now Peicheng, wenxi county, Shanxi). The nobleman's name is Pei Jun. His descendants gave the city a surname called Pei.
3. It originated from the Jin State in the Spring and Autumn Period. Jin Pinggong appointed a noble man to Peixian County (now Qixian County, Shaanxi Province) as the leader. His name was Pei Jun. His descendants took "Pei" as their surname and called it Pei.
Pei's family has been a noble family in Sanjin since ancient times, and it is also a noble family in the history of China. "Since the qin and han dynasties, to the six dynasties, sui and tang dynasties. Five generations later, Yu Fang still exists. In the next two thousand years, heroes, heroes and virtuous men stood shoulder to shoulder, sharing weal and woe, and there were great men in history. " The prosperity of his family figures and moral articles is unique in Chinese and foreign history.
China "Prime Minister Village"
China's "Prime Minister Village" is Peibai Village, Liyuan Town, wenxi county, 25 kilometers away from the county seat. It was officially opened to tourists at home and abroad on the third day of the third lunar month (1995) with the cultural and historical resources of the famous Pei family and a series of newly-built landscapes.
Wen Pei's family is a famous family in the history of feudal society in China. Its ancestor was Fei Zi, the ancestor of the Qin Dynasty, and Sun Feng, a branch of Fei Zi, closed the township (Fei Yi) because he thought it was a surname. During the reign of King Zhou Nuo, the sixth generation was named Xieyi Jun, but went to Yi to follow Yi and took Pei as his surname. Hou Pei's family is divided into three branches, living in Hedong, Yanjing, Xiliang and other places. However, its pedigree originated from the Pei family, so there is a saying that there is no such thing as a Pei in the world. Wenxi Pei's family flourished in Qin and Han Dynasties, from Wei and Jin Dynasties to Sui and Tang Dynasties. Five generations later, Yu Fang still exists. The prosperity of his family figures and moral articles is unique in Chinese and foreign history. According to the statistics of Pei's genealogy, Pei's family has successively produced 59 prime ministers, 59 generals, 14 assistant ministers in Chinese literature, 55 ministers, 44 assistant ministers,1/constant attendants, 10 royal advisers, and 25 festival envoys, observation envoys and observers. 89 knights, 33 Marquis, male 1 1, 18, 13. There are three queens, four princesses, two princesses, 2 1 horse, and 20 princesses are married to the royal family. It can be described as "a general knows martial arts and princes", hence the name "Prime Minister Village" in China.
Trace back to the reasons for the long-term prosperity of the Pei family.
Gu, a thinker in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, summed up three things, namely marriage, heredity and self-improvement. There are 95 people in Pei's family history, namely Ma, Empress, Princess, Princess and Actress Ying. The feudal nepotism formed by marriage and heredity is undoubtedly the superior condition for Pei's characters to stand out, but it is not the main reason. For tens of millions of Pei families among princes, the decisive reason is to attach importance to education, strive for self-improvement and work hard. The main characteristics of Pei Jiafeng are "emphasizing teaching and observing training, respecting literature and martial arts, having both ability and political integrity, being honest and self-disciplined". The Pei family once had a family rule that children and grandchildren were not allowed to enter the ancestral hall door, following the "jade is not cut, not abrasive; People don't teach, they don't know righteousness. "Peibai Village still retains the tradition of attaching importance to education, and almost every gatehouse has the word" farming and reading ".
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From the Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, the Pei family has made outstanding contributions in politics, economy, military affairs and diplomacy in the historical process of more than 2,000 years in China. There were no fewer than dozens of famous ministers who were active in politics during the Sui and Tang Dynasties alone. Famous politicians include Pei Xiu, Pei Kai, Pei Yun, Pei Ju, He Pei, Pei Rangzhi, Pei Zheng, Pei Ji, Zhou Pei, Pei Du and Shu Fei. Military strategists include Pei Xingjian, Pei Mao, Pei Qian, Pei Shuye, Jia Pei, Pei Jun, Pei Yan, Pei Kuan, Guo Pei, Pei Wenju, Pei Jingmin and Pei Ji. Jurists have Pei Zheng; Diplomats include Pei Ju and Pei Shiqing.
Pei, a minor official of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, has nine achievements. The official history didn't even give him a biography, but he was the first foreign minister to lead a friendly delegation to visit Japan on behalf of the country in Chinese history. In the third year of Sui Daye (607), Japan sent its envoy Sister Ono to visit Sui and arrived in Chang 'an in March of the following year. Entrusted by Emperor Yang Di, Pei led a delegation of Sui Dynasty 13 people to pay a return visit to Japan to meet the Emperor of Japan and present cultural relics and credentials. His credentials were preserved in the Japanese book "Japanese Secretary", which became a permanent historical witness and made outstanding contributions to the development of good-neighborly and friendly relations between China and Japan.
Pei Ju (547-627), a famous prime minister in the Three Kingdoms period, had jobs in the Zhou, Sui and Tang Dynasties. He is honest and honest, and his name is quite clear. Successive civil affairs assistant minister, civil history assistant minister, Zuo Cheng, Shangshu, Shangshu. When Yang Di was in Sui Dynasty, Pei Ju was appointed to Zhangye (now Gansu) to take charge of trade with western countries. In contact with businessmen from various countries, he obtained a lot of valuable information about politics, economy, culture, transportation and other countries in the Western Region, and compiled it into three volumes. The book not only introduces the national conditions of 44 countries in the western regions with a large number of words, but also draws many maps, marking three avenues from Dunhuang to the Mediterranean, among which Zhonglu and Nanlu are the famous "Silk Road" in history.
Pei Ji, the founding father of the Tang Dynasty, was far-sighted and obedient, helped Li Yuan to raise troops in Jinyang and established the Li Tang Dynasty.
Pei Yaoqing (68 1-743), the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty, devoted himself to rectifying the water transportation, ensuring the smooth waterway of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, and solving the problem of food shortage at the entrance of the Tang Dynasty, which lasted for decades. It was a much-told story in the Kaiyuan period.
Pei Du, a generation of wise men, has been praised from generation to generation and is famous in history. Among the politicians in the Tang Dynasty, Pei Du's name can be compared with Wei Zhi and others in the early Tang Dynasty. He has been ambitious and upright since he was young. The greatest achievement of his life is to try his best to level the separatist forces in the buffer region again and again. Especially in the Wu Yuanji rebellion in Huaixi Fanzhen, he stood firm, turned the tide, and made outstanding achievements, which reunified the Tang Dynasty and led to the political situation of "Yuan Zhongxing". After the Huai Rebellion was pacified, Tang Xianzong named Pei Du as the national pillar and Jin Gong. Later, due to the treacherous court official's frame-up, Pei Du experienced three ups and downs, entered the phase several times and went out of the Francisco several times. Pei Du lived in the four dynasties of Li Xiangxiang, Mu Zong, Jing Zong and Wenzong. Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi. Everyone wrote poems to praise his achievements. Some of his deeds have even been compiled into legendary novels, which are widely circulated among the people.
Careful readers can easily find that there are 59 prime ministers, but how can there be 60? It turns out that Fudi Village, opposite Peibai Village, is the hometown of Zhao Ding, a famous figure in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Ding recommended Yue Fei, opposed surrender, advocated resistance to gold, and finally died of hunger strike. The two villages are close at hand, almost connected into one village, so there is this saying.
In various academic fields, the outstanding achievements of the Pei family are even more brilliant, shining through the ages and countless.
Pei Xiu (224-27 1), a cartographer in the Western Jin Dynasty, summed up the experience of mapping in ancient China and creatively formulated the principles of "six-body mapping", namely, scale (scale), quasi-sight (azimuth), tunnel (distance), competition (terrain fluctuation), evil (inclination) and circuitous (river, straight). He wrote 18 Yugong regional map, which is the first monograph on map theory in China. He is known as "the father of cartography in China".
Pei Songzhi, Pei and Pei were the "Three Peis of Historiography" in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and they all enjoyed a high reputation in the study of history. Pei Songzhi wrote 65 volumes of notes for Chen Shou's "The History of the Three Kingdoms" and collected a large number of books. It is the first time in the history of notes that the historical materials are informative and have been passed down through the ages. Song Wendi praised him as "immortal in Shi Pei's time!" His son Pei Ma took notes in Sima Qian's Historical Records and wrote 80 volumes of Historical Records, which were handed down to the world. Pei, his grandson, wrote 20 volumes of Chronicle of Song Dynasty, and his narration and comments exceeded the level of History of Song Dynasty. Both works have great influence and are enduring.
Pei Cheng, a novelist in the Tang Dynasty, wrote Legend. The proper term "legend" was first put forward, and later developed into a new novel style, which is more and more full of vitality and deeply loved by the world.
For more than 1000 years, the Pei family has been a great wonder in Chinese and foreign history. Therefore, in China's historical dramas, there are several dramas that show Pei's family, such as Sword on the West Lake, Li Huiniang, Pei Heng's Fairy Encounter and Legend of the White Snake, which are all related to Pei's family. Fahai in the famous drama The Legend of the White Snake is the son of Pei Xiu, a politician and calligrapher in the early Tang Dynasty. Fahai in history was originally a positive figure, but after the birth of novels in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Fahai became a negative figure, which is also strange.
As a unique historical and cultural phenomenon, the prosperity and glory of the Pei family for more than two thousand years have aroused people's deep thinking.
Analysis of "Prime Minister Village"
The Pei family has a long history. Through research, their ancestors, including Xiong and Boyi, were ancestors of Qin. Zeng Zuoyin played an important role in attacking valerian and assisting Zhou to attack Zhou. Qin closed the city. When he was king, he was not the sixth son, and went to "Yi" to follow "Yi". Because I thought I was a surname, I got the surname Pei. His grandson, Han Anshun, looked up at the nebula and looked down at geography in the early years of Yongjian. His family moved to Peibai, thinking it was their ancestral village. Peibai Village, now Peibai Village in Liyuan Town, wenxi county, is also called "Prime Minister Village".
Pei's family took Peibai Village as its birthplace and thrived. In the Jin Dynasty, the "three springs" began to differentiate and branches spread, forming the theory of "three branches and five rooms". The so-called "three branches" means that Wenxi's hometown is Zhong Chunpei; The branches in Chang 'an and Liangzhou are Xi Chunpei; Dong Chunpei is a branch of Youyan area; It is also called "three branches and five rooms" with Xima Chuanpei and Nanlai. In fact, its branches spread far and wide, and there are only "12 tribes of Bapei" in Hedong, south Shanxi.
Peibai Village, located at the southern end of Fenhe Plain and the northern end of Yuncheng Basin, is a small village near Nantongpu Railway and Universiade Highway. According to historical records, Peibai is located in the east of Tongxiang, Zuo Yi, in the sun of Emei Mountain and in the shade of Phoenix Plain, so it is called Peibai because Berlin is lush. Looking to the east of the village, Dong Zeying Cui, who is ten miles fragrant, is the place where Dong's father called Long. Looking up at the west of the village, the peaks are abrupt and surrounded by mountains, which is called "Nine Phoenix Chaoyang". Gu Zeng, a great thinker in the Ming Dynasty, described in his "The Story of Pei Village": "I went to Pei Village in wenxi county, worshipped in the temple and asked about its Miao origin. There were still 100 or 200 people. After his release, he accompanied the worshippers to the official road and read the Tang Dynasty stone tablet engraved with his family tree. Within Wangling, within ten miles, the hills and tombs are connected, and there are still hundreds of people whose names and titles can be tested. "
The shrine mentioned in Gu Wen's article is located in the northeast of Beibai Village and was built in the late Tang Dynasty.
Peibai Village, located in the east of Shili Phoenix, is the graveyard of Pei's ancestors. Originally, there were "more than 200 tombs, 60 inscriptions, 40 pairs of Shimen Shi Hu, a pavilion and two tomb-guarding temples." It can be described as high hills and dense forest of steles, which is very spectacular. Although these no longer exist, the remaining sites are still faintly visible.
It is particularly noteworthy that there are dozens of huge inscriptions in the "Peibei Hall" located in the former site of the temple, most of which are rare treasures. These inscriptions show the past extraordinary years of the Pei family to future generations.
Textual research on Pei's genealogy
Pei's genealogy records in detail the historical context of the rise and fall of Pei's family for more than two thousand years, and includes a large number of precious historical materials of Pei's family.
Pei's genealogy began with Pei Songzhi's "Pei's Family Records", which has been compiled by people in past dynasties. But relatively speaking, the Jiaqing edition of Pei's Genealogy is by far the most complete and systematic one. This genealogy was compiled by Sun Pei, the 62nd generation of Pei, his sons Pei Zongci and Sun Pei for three generations. The father died and the son died. The book took nearly a century to complete.
Pei has been an official for 40 years and has been "straightforward and indifferent" all his life. During the Kangxi period, he worked for several years and wrote twelve volumes of Pei's Genealogy. However, due to the bumpy career and uncertain migration, although the manuscript was completed, it could not be engraved, so it had to die. His son Pei Zongci, his stepfather's legacy, collated, supplemented and assigned many times. From the 21st year of Qianlong, it took a whole year to engrave all the manuscripts of genealogy. As he was about to go to press, he was involved in the political situation, kept calm in a crisis, fled everywhere, and failed to do so. Pei Zongci's son, Pei, is determined to "make up books and aim at the end." After several years, it was not until July of the tenth year of Jiaqing (1805) that this Pei's genealogy, which is full of painstaking efforts of three generations, finally came out.
Pei Family Tree has a total of 470,000 words and is divided into 12 volumes. It is rich in content, wide in space and dazzling. The first volume is Origin and Origin, which outlines the origin of Pei family, the origin of surname, the three branches of kinship and titles in past dynasties, and outlines the big line framework and context of the development history of Pei family. The second volume is Ling, which lists nearly 120 imperial letters and letters sent by the emperor to more than 60 dignitaries of the Pei family. The third and fourth volumes are biographies, which mainly record 126 Pei's life stories and major historical achievements. The fifth volume is Biography of Lienv, which briefly describes the touching stories of 14 talented women. The sixth volume is "Shu Shu", which is more than 50 Shu Shu presented by Pei Mingchen to the emperor. The seventh volume is "Essays", which is an article of various styles written by Pei himself. The eighth volume is Poems and Odes, which are the poems and songs of more than 30 famous people in Shi Pei. The ninth volume is Watch, which is a book and watch article written by famous writers in Tang Dynasty, such as Li Shangyin, Liu Zongyuan, Liu Yuxi, Wang Bo and Han Yu. The tenth volume "Epitaph" contains nearly 50 epitaphs, epitaphs and prefaces written by celebrities in past dynasties to Pei celebrities. The eleventh volume is Answering Poems, which is a collection of nearly 200 poems written by more than 80 poets including Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and Han Yu to Pei Mingchen. Twelve volumes are Records of Events, which record more than 30 anecdotes and legends of unofficial history's Zhongpei characters/kloc-0. Looking at all the contents of Pei's genealogy, it can be said that although it is called family genealogy, it has actually gone far beyond the scope of genealogy. Its content is mostly related to social and historical issues, and it is a true record of the rise and fall of society, politics, economy, science and culture at that time.