The decentralization of enrollment rights has led some colleges and universities to unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate and enrollment, and rush to set up corresponding majors when they see what is hot in the current market, which has caused serious duplication and homogenization of adding majors in colleges and universities.
Take data science and big data technology as examples. This major increased from 20 15, when only three universities were approved, and 32 universities were added from 20 16. The number added to 20 17 is 250,2018 plus196,2019 plus 138. By the end of 20 19, there were 1245 universities in China, of which 6 19 universities offered data science and big data technology, accounting for more than half. 20 1672 Among the newly-added undergraduate record-keeping majors of the Ministry of Education in 20 19, artificial intelligence, data science and big data technology, intelligent manufacturing engineering, robot engineering, big data management and application, and intelligence science and technology occupy the top five, with a total of 544, accounting for nearly one third.
Although this phenomenon can meet the large demand of big data and AI industry in the short term, if we ignore the development law of the major and the industry itself, in the long run, it will definitely lead to the result of oversupply, similar to popular majors such as business administration, computer and art.
Secondly, the characteristics of extension expansion of specialty settings in colleges and universities are obvious, and the degree of connotation reconstruction is not enough.
Most colleges and universities blindly seek innovation, more, perfection and popularization, lack sufficient research, demonstration and democratic decision-making, ignore the conditions for running schools and their own conditions, and do not study the development needs of local industries, which makes the scarce resources of schools more tense, the extension of specialty settings is obvious, and the degree of connotation reconstruction is not enough. There are many 985 and 2 1 1 universities, such as Communication University of China, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, zhejiang university city college and so on. , in the list of cancelled majors in colleges and universities published by the Ministry of Education on 20 19.
There are even many popular engineering majors in the list of majors applying for abolition. The reason may be related to the fact that the professional teachers can't keep up and the ability of graduates is not recognized by the society. The main reason is that when we chose to set up this major, we didn't go through serious research, just followed the trend and only focused on the extension of the major, which was limited by the teachers and experimental resources of our school. Finally, the new major can't be done well, and the old major didn't do it with heart, which caused a great waste of educational resources.
The research points out that under the new situation, China's industrial upgrading is by no means a "cage change" (new industries replace old industries), but a "broad-based" upgrade. It includes not only the development of high-tech industries, but also the transfer of existing industries to product activities with higher technical level, higher productivity and higher added value. The latter is more important. In other words, traditional industries need to overcome the fetters of transformation and upgrading with new thinking and new means, and at the same time, the demand structure and demand center of enterprises have also undergone qualitative changes.
The research shows that the shortage of high-quality applied talents with wide caliber, strong foundation, strong ability and international vision obviously restricts the industrial transformation and upgrading. However, at present, the professional setting in colleges and universities is insufficient for the upgrading and development of traditional majors, and the trend of blind innovation is obvious, which will inevitably aggravate the imbalance in the distribution of educational resources, cause the deviation of talent training, and eventually lead to the over-training of some majors, while some majors cannot train and transport suitable talents, resulting in the waste of educational resources and ultimately hindering the upgrading and development of industrial structure.
Thirdly, the structure of disciplines and specialties in colleges and universities is not optimized enough, and the variability and adaptability of specialty settings are obviously insufficient, which can not adapt to the speed and scale of industrial upgrading and the dynamic needs of economic and social development.
At present, although the professional structure of higher education has improved in market awareness, the understanding and judgment of talent market demand needs to be strengthened. Due to the lack of market awareness, colleges and universities themselves lack the analysis and foresight of the talent market in the setting and adjustment of professional structure, so it is difficult to increase more and decrease less, reduce recruitment and stop recruiting, and have not adapted well to the changes of economic structure.
From 2006 to 20 18, 339 majors were cancelled in colleges and universities. Of course, this situation has been greatly improved in 20 19. A total of 367 majors were abolished, but compared with the number of new majors, it still accounts for a relatively low proportion. It is very necessary for colleges and universities to close their majors that are not in line with social development, but they will certainly bear the pressure from society, personnel and other aspects, which is often beyond the tolerance of colleges and universities themselves. In more cases, they can only adapt to development, transform their closed majors, and combine with other majors to form new majors, resulting in more and more majors, but they have not made efforts to build their own professional advantages and characteristics.