In this Enlightenment, Kant took the lead in proposing that the core and essence of activities is that people should judge projects through their own independent thinking, rather than being influenced and interfered by the outside world. Of course, he also emphasized the important thought of man, thinking that man is a man, not a tool for anyone, anything or any purpose, that is, man is not a tool now. More importantly, he said that sovereignty belongs to the people and the masses. Equality and freedom are the birthright of human beings. While having these rights, they should also have self-discipline. The equality and freedom given to people exist within a binding scope, and this binding force is the law of the country.
As one of the representatives of the Enlightenment, Kant's contribution is not only these three levels, but also his criticism and freedom, which is the most important aspect of his philosophy and the basis of moral law's understanding of its freedom, that is, the above-mentioned power that binds us. The application, extension and discussion of these ideas are of great significance to the initiation of the Enlightenment.
Who is the philosopher Kant?
Kant, full name Emanuel Kant, was born on April 22nd, 1724. He is a famous German philosopher and the founder of German classical philosophy. His theory had a far-reaching influence on modern western philosophy, and also created other schools such as German idealism and Kantism.
Kant's father was a saddle maker, and his father and mother were both devout Protestants. Devoted people attach great importance to religious spirit and feelings, so Kant's spiritual world has been deeply influenced by devout people since childhood. After going to school, school education changed Kant's religious attitude, so his religious philosophy is actually a response to piety. 1740, Kant entered the university of konigsberg. Later, because my family was poor, I didn't officially graduate until 1748. After graduation, Kant went to a small town near Konigsberg as a tutor. While studying and teaching, I gradually walked out of Konigsberg, with more and more students.
1770, Kant obtained the position of professor of logic and metaphysics at the University of Konigsberg. After becoming a professor, Kant spent ten years doing research instead of publishing articles. 178 1 year, Kant published Critique of Pure Reason, which established Kant's immortal position in the history of philosophy.
Kant is considered as the last major philosopher in the Enlightenment and a representative figure in German ideological circles. It was he who introduced Descartes' rationalism and Bacon's empiricism, so Kant was considered as one of the most influential western thinkers after Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. 1In February, 804, Kant died in Konigsberg.
Where is Kant from?
Kant made great contributions to the development of world history, and he almost changed the fate of an era. Speaking of such a great philosopher, many people don't know where he is from. Many people think that Kant is French, especially France during the Enlightenment, which shows that France is deeply influenced by Kant's philosophy. Some people think that Kant is English. English people are usually very gentle and taciturn, but Kant can make a blockbuster and does have some British flavor. Historical documents show that Kant was born in Germany, so he should be counted as a German.
Many people still don't know the answer to the question of Kant's nationality. In fact, we can start from Kant's birthplace. He was born in Konigsberg, East Prussia. This place is an old place name, and there is no such place now. Prussia is a part of Germany in European history, so Kant is German. The so-called Germany is what people call Germany today. So Kant is German. Many people don't know where Kant came from, mainly because Kant, as a thinker and philosopher, rarely appeared in people's field of vision and lived in18th century. Many people only know the Enlightenment, but they don't know that Kant is not French, but German.
At present, many people don't know where Kant is from. In fact, as long as you know that he was the last great philosopher in the Enlightenment, and set off a storm of German thought and led the ideological line of German idealism, you can clearly distinguish which nationality Kant belongs to. According to Kant's connection with Germany, it is not difficult to infer that he is German.
What constellation is Kant?
Kant is a famous German philosopher, and his astrology has always been the focus of attention. Many people think that Kant is an Aries. Aries people are generally smart, and Kant is also such a brainstorming person. The common characteristics between him and Aries are very obvious. However, some people think that Kant is a Taurus, because Kant was born on April 22nd, 1724. According to the horoscope, it can be seen that Kant should be regarded as Taurus. These two disputes continued a few days ago, so what is Kant's constellation?
The topic of what constellation Kant is has always attracted people's attention. Among the constellation figures, Aries is the cleverest and has very strong political leadership ability, and Kant's life almost perfectly fits this character, which also leads many people to think that Kant is Aries. This statement has also been recognized by many people, because the social situation in Germany was chaotic at that time, and the record of Kant's date of birth might be biased, and Kant might change his age in order to publicize his thoughts. So what constellation Kant is has become an unsolved mystery. At present, according to many documents, Kant should be regarded as Taurus. Although Kant's personality is very different from Taurus's, the constellation personality has only partial influence.
In a word, Kant should be regarded as Taurus. Although he didn't say clearly which constellation he belonged to before his death, his steadiness really made people feel the sincerity of Taurus. Although compared with Taurus, Kant's personality and living habits are closer to Aries, perhaps it is because Kant was born when the two constellations changed.
What is Kant's educational thought?
Kant's educational thought takes his "Three Criticism" philosophy system as the core, and on this basis, he compiled Kant's On Education, which systematically expounded his views to the world.
In Kant's educational thought, the first is its purpose and related value. In this regard, Kant and Rousseau reached an agreement. They all think that people can only be called people if they are educated, and people are the result of education. The loftiness and greatness of human nature and morality all come from education, which is not only an activity to educate adults. So in Kant's life, he attached great importance to children's early education. At the same time, for the purpose of education, he not only advocated the cultivation of universality, but also emphasized moral education. He even put moral perfection on imparting knowledge.
Secondly, Kant's educational thought also points out that the direction of education is based on reality, and at the same time it has both reality, detachment from reality and expectation for the future. He not only drew lessons from the educational experience in history, but also gave a clear answer to his argument. In Kant's educational thought, education is to cultivate teenagers into social people who can adapt to society and have independent personality. In other words, no matter how complicated and changeable the society is, people can adapt well and live well. Real education aims at people's ideals and is established in a principled way to prove the uniqueness and foresight of education.
Finally, it will promote moral education to achieve related goals. He pays attention to this aspect, not simply considering the choice of the composition and content of education, but from the perspective of critical philosophy, through education to build subjective moral principles, so that people can become people with universal rationality.
What are Kant's aesthetic thoughts?
Kant is a famous German philosopher, the pioneer of classical philosophy, the founder of idealism and Kantism, and has a great influence in western ideological circles. So what is the content of Kant's aesthetic thought?
Kant's aesthetic thought is mainly manifested in three aspects, one is the analysis of beauty, the other is the analysis of sublimity, and the third is the discussion of artistic beauty.
In the analysis of beauty, Kant believes that beauty is a symbol of moral goodness. Everything has its beauty, and human beauty lies in the soul. It is a beautiful allusion to people's hearts, and morality is a tool for human survival. Beauty is a treasure of art, which can make people have nuanced character. The more detailed they are, the broader their world outlook will be and the greater their contribution to the world will be. Beauty itself has no magic power, and its creation comes from its noble moral motivation and is humanized. This humanistic and noble moral motive is full of respect for individuals, so beauty can reflect moral purity and humanitarian spirit.
On the analysis of sublimity, Kant thinks that sublimity is a manifestation of beauty. It is a form in which lofty subjects and objects collide with each other, such as lightning and stormy waves. In front of people, these things are very powerful, but people do not shrink back in front of these things, thus producing a noble feeling. This feeling is mixed with fear and fear, but it is also full of the pleasure of victory. Kant thinks this is sublime.