In the traditional teaching method of "only listening to children", the acquisition of knowledge has become the ultimate goal of teaching. In contrast, the teaching method under "learning by doing" holds that the first knowledge that people can't forget is the knowledge about how to do it, not only staying in the acquisition of knowledge, but more importantly, putting the mastered knowledge into practice and using it, and changing "simple indoctrination" into "knowledge-oriented practice".
Even so, the idea of "learning by doing" is not so perfect. "Learning by doing" essentially gives children more practical ability, but it affects the acquisition of knowledge through practical experience to some extent. Therefore, how to better combine the "learning by doing" teaching method with the existing teaching will be a very important aspect.
(A) the relationship between teaching and learning
Teaching activity is a bilateral activity between teaching and learning, which mainly refers to the two interrelated activities of teachers imparting knowledge and students learning knowledge. We believe that teaching should be based on teaching and serve learning, and learning should promote teaching, give students the right to ask questions, give students time to read, give students the opportunity to speak, return the classroom to students, give students more space for independent and creative learning, and fully mobilize their learning enthusiasm. Teachers should change their roles and become promoters of students' learning, researchers of teaching, developers of courses and co-builders of classroom teaching, so as to truly adapt to teaching and learning under the new curriculum standards.
(B) the role of teachers in "learning by doing"
Compared with teachers in traditional teaching, teachers in "learning by doing" are neither masters of knowledge nor instigators of rigid knowledge. In the process of education and teaching, teachers play a guiding role, guiding students to learn by doing. Specifically, teachers must establish a student-centered thinking. He is a researcher of students' thoughts. He should not only have profound and skilled knowledge, but also have knowledge and skills in education and teaching. Only in this way can we effectively guide students correctly. In a word, all the teaching activities of teachers must be carried out on students, and everything is student-oriented.
Tao Xingzhi once pointed out: "The responsibility of teachers is not to teach, but to teach students to learn." "Teaching students to learn is to link pedagogy. On the one hand, teachers should be responsible for guidance, on the other hand, students should be responsible for learning. " From the teaching process of Tao Xingzhi, we can see the responsibility of teachers: the role of teachers in "teaching-learning-doing-one" is no longer bound by textbooks aimlessly in traditional teaching, but from the perspective of students, leading students to really learn. Teachers' identity should be changed from the executor of textbooks to the developer of courses, the supporter of practical inquiry activities and the motivator of students' learning. The nature of teachers' tasks has also changed, from designing courses that students can do by hand, providing effective materials in a limited time, to guiding students to observe and discover, encouraging them to try to solve problems by themselves, paving the way for exploration, and then transferring students' fears in time after encountering difficulties, helping them gain a successful experience and gain trust.
(C) the role of "learning by doing" for middle school students
1. Misunderstanding of "educated". In order for students to truly acquire knowledge and become masters of knowledge, the most important thing is to let students really participate in teaching activities, and constantly innovate and be brave in practice in the process. Influenced by the traditional indoctrination education, we have inevitably given students the title of "educated", which has led to some wrong information: first, the title of "educated" means imposing the role of the object on students, which makes students and teachers oppose each other; Secondly, the educated become the listeners of learning, lacking teaching forms such as communication, cooperation, sharing, exploration and experience, and ignoring the students' subjective initiative; Finally, the course is completely controlled by the teacher, and the students are just an audience of the teacher's whole course arrangement. Therefore, how to give "learning by doing" students a correct role orientation becomes particularly important. Such a role should not be limited to the understanding of the concept of "educated", but should be more deeply understood and expressed.
2. The role of students in "learning by doing". If students want to learn actively, it will be effective only if they actively participate in the learning process. In other words, students set their own learning goals. Students who learn by doing are recipients, appreciators and owners of knowledge. As a "learning by doing" student, first of all, they should be able to acquire corresponding knowledge from the outside world, which is the premise of "learning by doing"; Then there is the process of understanding what you have learned and then internalizing what you have learned, which is a key step in "learning by doing"; Finally, it is also the best test of "learning by doing". Students apply what they have learned to their study, work and life through their own value judgments and choices, that is, the application and practice of knowledge.
Therefore, compared with the traditional "receiver" student role, the student role in "learning by doing" is more in line with our value judgment standard, and students can appreciate the value of knowledge and learn happily.
(d) The role of teaching materials in "learning by doing"
In the process of students' learning, a good textbook can not only enable students to acquire knowledge, but more importantly, enable students to learn on the premise of happiness and satisfaction. More specifically, students' abilities, needs and interests will be influenced by textbooks. Therefore, a good textbook is particularly important to truly be student-oriented and student-oriented.
As far as teachers are concerned, the role of teaching materials can not be ignored. As we all know, teachers should "use textbooks" rather than "teach textbooks". A good textbook can often give teachers more ideas and ideas, so that teachers can really become the guide for students to keep learning. Dewey once said: "If we recognize the natural development process of teaching materials, we will always start from those situations that include' learning by doing'." This is Dewey's profound exposition of teaching materials and the idea of "learning by doing".
The book "Introduction to Textbooks and Teaching Methods" mentioned that in the process of compiling textbooks, we should always choose suitable textbooks from textbooks and supplementary reading materials in primary and secondary schools to meet the special needs of the society and children in this region. Specifically, textbooks should be compiled according to the following standards: 1. Textbooks are often used and common in life; 2. Knowledge needed at critical moments (such as air defense knowledge and earthquake prevention knowledge); 3. Knowledge that society considers appropriate and excellent; 4. Permanent teaching materials; 5. Profound and difficult textbooks are obtained independently and unintentionally in life. It can be seen that the role of teaching materials can not be ignored, and the teaching materials introduced from life can stimulate the passion of teachers and students, thus improving teaching efficiency.
Under the influence of the educational concept of the new curriculum reform, people have gradually stepped out of the limitations of the traditional "sitting and studying" educational thought and achieved certain results. The Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan promulgated on 20 10 puts forward the working principle of "giving priority to development, educating people, reforming and innovating, promoting fairness and improving quality", and clearly points out that improving quality is the core task of education reform and development. While widely popularizing education, we should pay attention to the quality of education. Every child can learn the education that suits him best and develop into a talent that suits his field best, which is the foundation to ensure the quality of education. The combination of "learning by doing" and "learning by sitting" is still relatively common in China's education at present. Learning by doing is certainly one of the ways and methods to improve teaching quality.