Efficiency and fairness are dialectical unity, contradictory and mutually exclusive, unified and interdependent. Efficiency is the basis of fairness; Fairness promotes efficiency. Fairness has a certain lag to efficiency; On the other hand, in order to achieve fairness in a certain period of time, it is necessary to sacrifice certain efficiency.

From the perspective of management, efficiency refers to the proportional relationship between various inputs and outputs of an organization in a specific time. Efficiency is inversely proportional to input and directly proportional to output. The efficiency of public sector includes two aspects: one is production efficiency, which refers to the average cost of producing or providing services; Secondly, allocation efficiency refers to whether the products or services provided by the organization can meet the different preferences of stakeholders.

The meaning of efficiency and fairness

Efficiency refers to the ratio of output to input in economic activities, indicating the degree of effective utilization of resources. Improving efficiency means saving resources and increasing social wealth.

Fairness has a wide meaning, involving economic, political, legal and other fields. A reasonable income distribution system is an important embodiment of social equity. The fairness of income distribution is mainly manifested in the relatively equal of income distribution, that is, the income gap between members of society should not be too big, and people's basic needs should be guaranteed. There is an essential difference between the fairness of income distribution and egalitarianism.