Most of the existing observation records in kindergartens refer to file records. To sort out and record children's activities or all kinds of children's activities, it is a method to observe the object under natural conditions, truthfully record the behavior of the observed object, and on the basis of analyzing the behavior record of the object, find out the problems, find out the reasons and improve the educational behavior. The purpose of kindergarten observation records is also to find and exist problems, gradually improve education, and finally promote the healthy development of young children. Therefore, combined with archival records, observation records are not just simple activity records. Its mission is to make teachers better follow the spirit of the new "Outline" when paying attention to every child, so as to be more conducive to the education of every child and the behavior correction of special children, so that teachers can independently and deeply seek and master the methods of observing children, improve their observation acuity and truly implement "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude". Therefore, it reflects a series of development processes of the observed object, and also reflects the interaction between teachers and observation, children and observation, parents and teachers, which really plays the role of teacher-student interaction, thus improving the teaching quality.
(1) Methods and forms of observation records:
Our garden has carried out the record work of "Children's Growth Handbook". The teacher gives each child a small note every day, a big note every month and a total note at the end of the term. It mainly collects children's works and related materials to reflect children's interests, attitudes and children's development in specific fields. It can be an objective record and analysis in the process of activities, it can be "childish words" or "whimsical" thinking, it can be a child's work, and it can also be a child's "heart". This paper mainly adopts the method of "process observation record", combining random, narrative and original oral observation records, systematically sorting out and showing the whole learning process.
(2) the way of observation records:
1. dribs and drabs of records: The teacher randomly records the interesting and meaningful behaviors and languages of children in a natural scene, and these dribs and drabs of records are also a true portrayal of children's personality development, hobbies and knowledge, which can be seen from small to large. Because of these children's interesting answers, the original complex and cruel war was very simple and vivid, which also attracted the attention of other children.
2. Growth record: In order to record children's behavior and language in activities in real time and reach a consensus with parents, the Growth Manual designed by our garden is a comprehensive, fast, effective and communicative growth file. The Growth Handbook is a comprehensive, rapid and communicative growth file. In the Growth Handbook, we are divided into three age groups, and we focus on education investigation according to different ages. For example, in small classes, life (such as eating, taking a nap, manners, emotions, etc. ) mainly ticking, supplemented by short written records when necessary; The middle and large classes write handwritten records from the aspects of cooperation with peers, independence in solving difficulties, participation in activities, initiative and creativity. At the same time, the "Growth Manual" of our garden also contains various test records of children's physical development every semester, so that parents can not only know their children's situation in the garden in time and comprehensively, but also systematically see their growth and development.
3. Tracking record: Middle-class children have a certain degree of autonomy. He has his own set of behaviors. He will beat around the bush and try his best to achieve his goal. He will "work hard" for this for several days and repeat it emotionally. Adults sometimes can't understand the real purpose of children, so adults should learn to pay more attention to what children say. The opportunity of this kind of education is precisely because of tracking records, which makes teachers unable to predict the development of the situation.
4. Work record: mainly record children's paintings, handmade works and classified record exercises in math class. It encourages children to take part in various activities more actively.
Second, the experience and difficulties in applying these methods.
Experience and understanding of observation and recording;
(1) Observe the communication in the record.
With detailed observation records, teachers can really enter the inner world of children, and finally analyze and evaluate children accurately and scientifically, and find appropriate educational countermeasures.
1. Communication with children: At first, children were curious about our recording work and wanted to know why the teacher recorded with a pen all day and why he took pictures of them with a camera. And whenever we aim the camera at them, sensitive children will avoid the camera, but generous children will put a POS, which makes us laugh and cry! Gradually, smart children also feel that our records are related to them, and will come forward and ask, "Teacher, what are you writing?" In order to satisfy children's curiosity and eliminate their doubts and anxieties, we read the recorded photos to children and put them in his portfolio for him to see. The communication between teachers and students is natural and harmonious. Because children know that teachers are recording their progress, they are more active in activities and try their best to show their excellent aspects to teachers. The way we read records is also welcomed by young children. Whenever reading the record, even the most naughty children will be quiet. They will be proud of their Excellence and happy for the progress of others. They shared their happiness, and their self-confidence rose quietly under the teacher's concern for him.
2. Communication with classmates: Two teachers in the class usually record their findings. On weekends, they will sit down and communicate, analyze each case according to the records, find problems, find reasons, discuss countermeasures, contact parents and educate together. The most important thing is to reflect on re-education. For example, there is a boy named Zhu Shuhao in my class, and the complaint rate has soared for a while. More than one child complains about him every day. We also persuaded and educated him, and the little boy's attitude was also very open-minded, but after a while, the complaint rate remained high, which caused our two teachers to reflect on education. Later, I carefully followed up and found that the reason was Zhu Shuhao's communication style. He is not good at communicating with words, but directly uses actions to lead communication, so that other children don't understand his way and often misunderstand him, thinking that Zhu Shuhao is deceiving others, which eventually forms a vicious circle. This is the reason for his high complaint rate. So, on the one hand, our teacher taught him positive communication methods, let him actively express his ideas and let other children know what you want to do; On the other hand, in class, I also helped Zhu Shuhao clarify some of his original intentions in front of everyone, so that other children could understand him, take the initiative to play with him and accept him with tolerance. At the same time, I also got in touch with my parents and reached an educational consensus. Later, children's complaints were significantly reduced and their communication skills were gradually improved.
3. Communication with parents: The teacher put these observation records into each child's "Growth Handbook", which is rich in content, including their works, naive words and photos, in addition to their growth. Parents can look through their children's records at any time to understand their growth process, and get back their children's performance at home every Friday, as well as some parents' ideas, opinions and demands, so that the interaction at home can be truly implemented instead of going through the motions. It also makes the "growth manual" more complete and valuable.
(2) Understanding in observation records.
In observation, we often find surprises, which we neglected before, so it makes us know the children again.
1. Respect children's learning styles.
In activities, we are often surprised to find that children are understanding objective things in their own unique ways, and they have their own learning styles. For example, in the activities of exploring ups and downs, some children are interested in what sinks, some children are interested in what floats, and some children are interested in what sinks and how floats. Some children are interested in foam board, and change the position of the foam board tied to the object over and over again to see if the ups and downs of the object are affected by the binding position of the foam board. As a result, many problems have arisen, which have stimulated children's curiosity about scientific activities and their desire to learn. At the same time, in the whole exploration activity, children's enthusiasm and observation style are very different, and some carefully observe and actively explore in depth; Some people observe roughly, but like to discuss.
Therefore, while seeing these differences, we should also respect them. Children should be allowed to show different learning styles.
2. Respect children's innovative thinking
If you only pay attention to the results of children's activities, you will lose many wonderful clips. As long as we carefully observe the whole process of children's activities, we will find that children are far smarter than us adults. He will not do mechanical activities step by step, but will look for faster methods. Ruzai
In the activities in the activity area, we have formulated strict operating rules for children, just like the activities of "flag pairing". We asked the children to find the same flag from two baskets and put it in a group. At the end of sorting, they should also put it in different baskets one by one. Under such a routine, hundreds of pairs of national flags are not chaotic, and we are glad that the routine is well formulated. But this day I observed the whole process of Zhu Shuhao's children's activities, and I was really ashamed! Zhu Shuhao's children successfully matched about 30 pairs of flags this day. If it is collected one by one, it will take a long time. I was just about to go up to help, but he took the method of collecting one by one, and it was over after three times and two times, leaving me to ponder. In the evaluation of the day, I greatly praised Zhu Shuhao and strongly recommended his good methods to encourage children to come up with more and better methods in the future.
Therefore, only by carefully observing and studying children's activities and behaviors, establishing an equal relationship with children and fully respecting children can we truly understand and understand every child. Talent is really based on the development of young children!
3. Respect children's learning process
In the activity, children's creativity will be brought into full play. In the process of turning waste into treasure, the cars they make have their own characteristics, but the light wheels are different: some wheels use the lids of colored pottery pots, while others use the lids of coke bottles. Children also assemble cake boxes of different sizes into robots, and use toothpicks as sensors on the top of their heads ... In the process of production, there will be a phenomenon that they can't be repaired well, but the children have been enthusiastic about it, and they have been tirelessly repairing it again and again. After the completion, they don't forget to draw a license plate for their car. It's really enjoyable!
In fact, these activities for young children, they are more interested in the specific feelings of every detail in the activities, the communication between them, rather than what they have to accomplish. Therefore, what we have to do is to accept children, satisfy children and respect children, instead of blindly pursuing predetermined goals. As long as the children accept it happily, it is our success. The content of the observation record is mainly children's participation, which is gradually extended to all-day activities, with children's behavior development, emotions and communication as the main line. By observing and recording the works, teachers can learn about the children who are usually ignored and the stories they are thinking about in their inner world, which not only avoids the widespread phenomenon of "paying attention to both ends and ignoring the middle class", but also treats every child in the class comprehensively, objectively, fairly and equally. In the process of recording, teachers can get close to children, walk into their lives, blend into their world and join them. But besides recording, we also found some problems. Due to teachers' limited ability and various subjective and objective factors, they failed to master scientific observation methods well, which affected the quality of observation and made observation and recording work classified as invalid labor.
In short, the observation records truly describe the development process of children's learning and activities, and truly present the state of children's active exploration and learning to adults, so that teachers can make a comprehensive, objective, true and vivid evaluation of children's development, and combine summative evaluation with formative evaluation to ensure the scientificity and accuracy of the evaluation.