The sexual physiology of young college students has matured, and the development of sexual psychology is basically positive and healthy, mainly in the following aspects.
First of all, "sex" is no longer a forbidden area. College students can obtain knowledge of sexual physical health and mental health through "physical health" textbooks and "mental health education" courses and lectures, from the official channels of the school, from the media, novels and other channels. Most students have gradually established a scientific concept of sex.
Secondly, contemporary college students' understanding of gender differences has broken through the traditional mode of "men are superior to women", "men are superior to women" and "men are wise and women are stupid". The self-esteem and self-confidence of college girls are constantly increasing, and their academic performance and ability level are comparable to those of boys, even slightly better than some boys, which also adds a cultural atmosphere of equality between men and women to the university.
Thirdly, college students' attitude towards gender roles gradually got rid of the extremely naive state. Boys no longer waver between "male chauvinism" and "henpecked husband", and girls no longer jump between "resisting female roles" and "returning to tradition". Both male and female students, their subjective consciousness is constantly growing and maturing. Generally speaking, they can treat the traditional gender role norms with a critical attitude and face the modern gender role lifestyle with an open mind.
However, the sexual psychological problems of college students can not be ignored. The common sexual psychological troubles of college students are mainly manifested in the following aspects:
First, the psychological distress caused by sexual and physical maturity. The sexual and physiological development of male and female college students has basically matured. Nocturnal emission and menstruation are natural and normal physiological phenomena in the process of human growth, but a considerable number of college students are still troubled by them. A survey shows that 16.7% of male college students feel "ashamed", "disgusted", "uneasy" and "confused" about their emotional reaction to nocturnal emission. 60.5% female college students feel nervous, disgusted, uneasy and depressed about their emotional reaction to menstruation.
The second is the psychological distress caused by the sexual body image. Some surveys have found that most college students are more or less anxious about body image. For male college students, the most distressing thing is their dissatisfaction with their reproductive organs. They mistakenly believe that penis urination means poor sexual function, and more than half of them think so. The second problem that bothers male college students is that they feel short, which is closely related to women's aesthetic requirements. For female college students, the biggest concern is small breasts.
The third is the psychological distress caused by sexual consciousness. Most college students in China are 18-22 years old. As far as its physiological and psychological development process is concerned, college students have entered the stage of sexual physiological maturity and psychological maturity. Therefore, in the college life stage, there are people who love the opposite sex, are eager to get along with the opposite sex, sometimes think about sexual problems intentionally or unintentionally, and even have various sexual psychological activities such as sexual fantasies and dreams. Some college students often fantasize or dream, which will affect their rest, sleep and physical recovery, and even lead to neurasthenia, which will adversely affect their physical and mental health.
The fourth is the psychological distress caused by sexual behavior. The main sexual behaviors of college students are masturbation, borderline sex and premarital sex. Masturbation behavior (masturbation) is one of the important reasons for college students' psychological distress. Masturbation is a physiological manifestation of puberty maturity and a way to relieve restlessness and anxiety caused by sexual tension. Proper masturbation is harmless to the body. However, some propaganda exaggerating the harm of masturbation makes some college students feel nervous, self-blaming, worried, ashamed and anxious.
Fifth, the psychological distress caused by sexual repression. The maturity of college students' sexual function makes the physiological demand for sex stronger, but their sexual psychology is not fully mature and their cognitive evaluation of various sexual phenomena and behaviors is not perfect. Some college students hold a negative and resistant attitude towards sexual impulse.
Take a repressive approach. .
There are many reasons for college students' sexual psychological problems, mainly sexual ignorance, sexual repression, lagging sex education and confusion of sexual concepts, so high-quality sexual psychological education and consultation must be carried out.
College students' love psychology generally goes through four stages: ideal object construction, first love, passionate love, psychological collision adjustment and emotional calm. Ideal object construction stage. That is, the embryonic stage of love consciousness. The preparatory stage of college students' love consciousness begins in middle school. At first, it was a hazy period of love consciousness, starting from the third grade of junior high school. High school is the exploration period of love consciousness. High school students have the intention of falling in love and their thoughts on falling in love. However, they are burdened with the pressure before the college entrance examination and have no time to care about love. After entering the university, the burden is released and the consciousness of love is born. I began to think about my "Prince Charming" or "Pretty Lady" and build the internal and external quality model of my ideal object.
First love stage. That is, the determination stage of the physical object. College students feel that when they find the person in their hearts, their first love begins. Some people divide the psychological development of first love into four stages: intoxicating me, doubting me, not being me and becoming me.
Love stage. Also known as the love stage. Compared with the first love, the feeling of love in the first love is very strong, but the expression is more subtle and the relationship is not too close. In the love stage, courtship has been completed, and lovers get along with each other day and night, and the relationship is very close. At this stage, lovers' reluctance will often make them forget time and space, that is, they need to be together for a longer time and the space distance is shorter.
Psychological collision adjustment stage. Love is sweet, but then it will immediately enter the stage of psychological collision adjustment. Because of getting along day and night, the two sides have enhanced mutual understanding. After falling in love, both parties will want to prove some idealized views on lovers in the courtship stage and find out the advantages and disadvantages that others have not noticed in courtship. According to the comprehensive impression of these advantages and disadvantages, both parties in love make a judgment to see if this relationship is worth continuing. So at this stage, there will be quarrels, conflicts, psychological collisions, and feelings will fluctuate, sometimes reaching the peak, sometimes entering the trough or even breaking down.
Emotional calm stage. If we make a positive judgment in the adjustment stage of psychological collision, both parties in love will enter the stage of emotional calm. At this stage, both parties in love appreciate each other's strengths and weaknesses, and tolerate each other's shortcomings and deficiencies. They are calm with each other and their hearts have reached a state of integration. Only in this way can love slowly develop into the stage of family role-playing. On the other hand, if you make a negative judgment in the psychological collision adjustment stage, it will lead to the breakdown of love and the emergence of lovelorn.
College students' falling in love has become a quite common phenomenon in today's university campus. Students in love account for more than 1/3 or even 1/2. It should be said that most students are serious about love, but there is no denying that some students obviously have various bad tendencies in their love, which poses a great threat to their growth and success, which cannot but attract the attention of schools, families, society and classmates.
Love values are the concrete embodiment of people's values on love issues, and it is a conceptual system to answer why people fall in love, what kind of love objects they choose and how to pursue love life. The research shows that college students' love view shows the following characteristics in love motivation, standards and methods of mate selection, and moral value orientation of marriage and love.
First, the diversity of love motives. Love motivation is the internal motivation of love behavior, which is caused by the need of love and directly points to the goal of love. Love motivation determines people's love goals and love lifestyle choices. Therefore, love motivation is an important content of love psychology research. The survey of college students' love motives shows that college students' love motives are obviously diversified, satisfying physical and psychological needs, killing boring years, adjusting intense study and choosing life partners all occupy a certain proportion. It is worth noting that the love motive of "choosing a life partner" in long-term publicity and education is only 2.7%. This may be closely related to the value orientation of "love doesn't have to be married" held by college students. On the contrary, the total proportion of meeting physiological needs, killing boring years and adjusting intense study is 72.5%, which shows to some extent that college students' love motivation is not pure enough, and most college students' love does not directly point to the goal of "choosing a life partner".
The second is to advocate the criteria of choosing a spouse that emphasizes internal quality over external conditions. The standard of mate selection is the value orientation when people choose the object of marriage and love, which is manifested in the requirements for the conditions of the object of love. The standard of mate selection is the core component of the values of marriage and love. Due to the differences in people's social status and conditions, different groups show different criteria for choosing a spouse. Some surveys have found that college students' mate selection criteria have the following characteristics: ① Pay attention to each other's personality and psychological quality. Personality, ability, talent, interest and personality occupy a prominent position in their mate selection criteria. Pay attention to physical conditions such as appearance and health. ③ Family status, family property, education and other conditions are no longer valued by students. To some extent, this shows that contemporary college students are more independent in love, no longer restricted by external conditions such as traditional family status, and pay more attention to each other's internal qualities. The character and character of college students' love objects are understanding, broad-minded, single-minded and filial to their parents. Compared with girls, boys pay more attention to gentleness, filial piety, enthusiasm, virtue, kindness and intelligence, while girls pay more attention to broadmindedness, enterprising and studious.
The third is to adhere to the independent way of choosing a spouse. Freedom of love is a right given to young people by law and a necessary condition for young people to get a happy love and marriage life. The guarantee of love freedom and the establishment of young people's independent love mode are important manifestations of social civilization and progress. In China's long feudal society, parents' orders and matchmakers' words became the only way for men and women to establish love relations. With the progress of society, the independent pursuit of love objects has become the main way for contemporary college students to conclude love relationships. A survey of "Who do you think college students mainly depend on for love" shows that 9 1.4% choose to know themselves, 3.9% choose others to introduce them, 0.4% choose parents to introduce them, and 4.3% choose others. It can be seen that the autonomy of college students in marriage and love is very high, and most of them can choose their own love partners. Comparing boys and girls, it is found that more boys make their own decisions on marriage and love, while more girls like to listen to their parents' opinions, which to some extent shows that boys have higher autonomy than girls in marriage and love. This may be related to the high dependence of girls on their parents. At the same time, the survey also shows that when love is opposed by parents, a few college students succumb to the pressure of their parents, and most students hope to get their parents' support. But I won't give up easily because of my parents' opposition. They believe that their parents will change their attitude through long-term work.
Fourth, the moral value orientation of marriage and love is tolerance. Among the moral values of marriage and love, premarital sex and sexual liberation are the most sensitive. This survey found that college students have the same tolerance for premarital sex. Only 10.8% of them think that premarital sex is "morally bankrupt", while most people hold an "understandable" or "unclear" attitude. The improvement of tolerance for premarital sex will inevitably lead to more and more college students having premarital sex, which may lead to a series of psychological, social and school management problems of students, which deserves full attention.
Due to the above characteristics of college students' love values, there are also some bad tendencies that affect their mental health development in today's college students' love phenomenon, mainly in the following aspects.
The starting point of love is relatively young (grade). Love pursues fashion. Experience the attitude of love. The practical purpose of love. The process of love is fast food. Love and communication are indulgent. At present, there are various unhealthy tendencies in college students' love tide, which is very unfavorable to their physical and mental health and growth, and also harmful to the formation of good campus atmosphere and social atmosphere. In addition to regulating college students' love behavior with school rules and disciplines, it is more important to give psychological guidance.
Second, understand scientific knowledge,
Sex is a concept with many meanings, involving a wide range of disciplines. Different disciplines have their own professional characteristics. From the perspective of sexual mental health, there are broad and narrow definitions of sex. Sex in a broad sense refers to gender, which refers to the sum of biological, psychological and sociological characteristics of men and women. Sex in a narrow sense refers to human sexual behavior.
Sexual behavior is an instinctive behavior of human beings. Generally speaking, sexual behavior can be classified from different angles. From the object of sexual behavior, pointing to the opposite sex in sexual behavior is a common sexual behavior-heterosexuality; Pointing to the same sex is homosexuality; Pointing at yourself is narcissism. From the way of sexual behavior, sexual intercourse is sexual behavior, and masturbation is also sexual behavior. Intimate physical contact between lovers, such as hugging, kissing, caressing, etc., are all sexual behaviors, not tactile contact, such as exposure, voyeurism, etc., but also sexual behaviors. Communication through language, such as casual love and indecency, is sexual behavior, not verbal communication, such as amorous gaze, but also sexual behavior. From the nature of sexual behavior, it can be divided into: (1) purposeful sexual behavior. This means sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse is the direct purpose and the highest embodiment of sexual behavior, which can make individuals get sexual pleasure and satisfaction and occupy a core position in sexual behavior, so it is also called core sexual behavior. (2) Procedural behavior. This refers to sexual behaviors that do not aim at sexual intercourse, so that sexual desire can be supplemented to a certain extent and some sexual pleasure can be obtained, such as touching, hugging and kissing. So it is also called warmth.
(3) Marginality. This mainly refers to the behavior in order to communicate the feelings of love. Marginal sex is sometimes subtle and implicit, only two people can feel it, and others don't know it, such as flirting. However, both sides can get enough sexual satisfaction and pleasure from this flirting. Some scholars call marginality also fuzziness. (4) similar sexual behavior. This refers to the behavior similar to sexual intercourse, in order to obtain sexual pleasure and achieve sexual satisfaction. Masturbation is the most common, and some sexual deviations, such as friction, also belong to this category. Although other behaviors are not directly similar to sexual intercourse, they contain sexual elements, such as sexual dreams and fantasies, which can also be attributed to this kind of sexual behavior, because these behaviors are often accompanied by masturbation or psychosexuality.
Conduct systematic sex education for college students, including sex physiology, sex psychology, sex morality and sex law education.
1, Sexual Physiology Education
Sexual physiology education is to educate college students about the anatomical structure and physiological functions of male and female reproductive organs. For college students, especially non-medical students, one of the important reasons for their mystery and curiosity about sex is that they don't understand the physiological common sense of sex, so that there are still many "sex blindness" in today's high-tech development. Let college students know the structure and function of sexual organs, let students know what menstruation and nocturnal emission are, and let students master scientific physiological knowledge, which can eliminate the mystery of sex.
To carry out sexual physiology education, we should also educate college students about contraception and sexually transmitted diseases. There have been different views on contraceptive education for college students. Many people think that educating them about contraception is undoubtedly to admit the legitimacy of their sexual behavior and let them have nothing to fear. Some people even think that this is a kind of incitement. However, we should see that whether at home or abroad, college students do have premarital sex, and there are also many cases of premarital abortion or abortion leading to death. Telling them the knowledge of fertility and contraception truthfully will help them know that the birth of life is the product of love and can only be carried out after marriage. They should control their sexual impulses, live an honest and clean life, and eliminate the fear of pregnancy caused by some sexual contact.
The education of STD knowledge should also be the content of sexual physiology education. Except for medical students, most college students in China are in a hurry to read medical books or get some knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases from newspapers and magazines, which often leads to fear and anxiety about various sexually transmitted diseases. The education of STD knowledge should first let them know that sexually transmitted diseases mainly include gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, nonspecific urethritis vaginitis, AIDS and diseases related to anal sex (such as viral hepatitis and amebiasis). The occurrence of these diseases is related to premarital and extramarital sex and the increase of sexual partners, which is a serious epidemic affecting the public. Therefore, to prevent the above diseases, the most important thing is to be responsible for your own sexual behavior, not to harm the health of others, but also to protect yourself.