(a) to formulate national development strategies, principles and policies, laws and regulations and earthquake industry standards for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, and organize their implementation.
(two) to organize the preparation of the national earthquake prevention and disaster reduction plan; Formulate national emergency plans for destructive earthquakes; Establish a filing system for destructive earthquake emergency plans; To guide the national earthquake disaster prediction and prevention; To study and put forward suggestions on the reconstruction and seismic fortification planning in earthquake-stricken areas.
(3) Formulating a national seismic intensity zoning map or a ground motion parameter zoning map; Manage the seismic safety evaluation of major construction projects and construction projects that may have serious secondary disasters, examine and approve the results of seismic safety evaluation, and determine the seismic fortification requirements.
(four) in accordance with the provisions of the "People's Republic of China (PRC) earthquake prevention and disaster reduction law", supervision and inspection of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction related work.
(five) the implementation of the dual leadership of the Seismological Bureau of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, mainly the Seismological Bureau of China, and establish and improve the corresponding management and planning financial system; To guide the work of earthquake work institutions below the provincial level; Institutions directly under the General Administration.
(six) to manage the national earthquake monitoring and prediction work; To formulate a national earthquake monitoring and prediction plan and organize its implementation; Put forward the national earthquake trend prediction opinions, determine the key earthquake monitoring and defense areas, and organize the implementation after reporting to the State Council for approval.
(seven) to undertake the duties of the State Council earthquake relief headquarters office; Report the earthquake situation and disaster situation quickly; Organizing earthquake disaster investigation and loss assessment; Put forward measures and suggestions for the State Council to quickly respond to destructive earthquakes at home and abroad.
(eight) to guide the reform of earthquake science and technology system; To formulate plans and policies for the development of earthquake science and technology; Organizing earthquake science and technology research and national earthquake science and technology research projects; Organize and coordinate the research and development of earthquake emergency rescue technology and equipment; To guide the development and application of seismic scientific and technological achievements; To undertake foreign exchanges and cooperation in earthquake science and technology.
(nine) to guide the publicity and education of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction knowledge.
(ten) to manage and supervise the use of earthquake costs, capital construction funds and special funds.
(eleven) to undertake other tasks assigned by the State Council.
Methods and means of monitoring
China Seismological Bureau launched the emergency plan for Pu 'er earthquake. After systematic cleaning and research, since the Xingtai earthquake in 1966, more than 70 precursory anomalies before moderate and strong earthquakes 1000 have been recorded in China.
These anomalies can be divided into ten categories, namely seismology, crustal deformation, gravity geomagnetism, geoelectricity, hydrogeochemistry, dynamics of underground fluids (water, steam, gas and oil), stress and strain, meteorological anomalies and macroscopic precursor phenomena.
Each precursor also includes a variety of monitoring methods and abnormal analysis items. For example, crustal deformation includes large-area leveling, fault displacement measurement, sea level observation, lake surface observation and ground inclination observation.
Seismological precursor analysis items are the most abundant among all kinds of precursors, including more than 30 abnormal analysis items such as seismic activity distribution strip, concentration of goaf, earthquake frequency, energy, strain, B value, earthquake swarm, foreshock, seismic wave velocity, waveform and stress drop.
Macro-abnormal items are also rich and colorful, such as earth sound, earth light, light ball, water spray, oil spray, air jet, soil odor, soil fog, well water blooming, bubbling, sudden rise, sudden drop, color change, odor change, borehole deformation, various abnormal animal behaviors and so on.
Earthquake monitoring capability
China's earthquake monitoring and prediction work has gradually developed from scientific behavior in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China to scientific, standardized, modern, digital and automated direction. In the early days of the establishment of the State Seismological Bureau, China's earthquake monitoring capacity was still very limited. By the time of Xingtai earthquake in 1966, only 24 seismic stations in China had formed the national basic seismic network, and 8 geomagnetic stations had formed the national basic geomagnetic network.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Seismological Bureau of China established a seismic data information communication network consisting of 4 15 professional seismic stations, more than 20 telemetering seismic networks of nearly 300 stations (points), more than 560 local and enterprise observation stations (points) and 1200 short-wave and ultrashort-wave radio stations.
According to the observation category, there are nearly 600 seismic measuring instruments (points), 240 strong earthquakes (points), 297 deformation 160 (points) instruments and more than 280 electromagnetic 150 (points) instruments in the professional stations (points).
In local and enterprise stations (points), there are more than 250 seismic measuring instruments (points), nearly 220, 60 deformation points (points), 65 electromagnetic 125 sets (points) and 300 underground fluids (points).
Until the end of 1970s, China's earthquake monitoring ability basically reached the ability to monitor earthquakes of magnitude 6 or above in some key dangerous areas.
China Earthquake Monitoring Network has the ability to monitor earthquakes with magnitude of ML≥2.5, accounting for a little more than 1/2 of the national territory, about 1/4 has the ability to monitor earthquakes with magnitude of ML≥3.0, and nearly 1/4 (most parts of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau) has the ability to monitor earthquakes with magnitude of ML≥4.0-5.0.
The national monitoring capacity can reach the earthquake with the magnitude of ML≥4.0, and the important provincial capital cities in the east and their vicinity have the ability to monitor the earthquake with the magnitude of ML≥ 1.5-2.0, and the capital circle area has the ability to monitor the earthquake with the magnitude of ML≥ 1.0- 1.5.