The proposition of "benevolence" is "the benevolent loves others", which requires the ruling class to observe the people's feelings and oppose tyranny. Confucius believes that to realize "love", we must follow the principle of "loyalty and forgiveness", that is, the requirement of "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you".
The proposition of "courtesy" is "self-denial", that is, to restrain oneself and make oneself conform to the requirements of "courtesy". The "ceremony" pursued by Confucius is the hierarchical naming system in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Confucius further put forward the proposition of "correcting the name", which is to correct the hierarchical order and realize the orderly ranking, reflecting the conservative side of his political thought.