Cultivation of Listening Ability
"Listening" is the basis of "speaking", and children who can't "listen" certainly won't "speak".
The ability of "listening" to others includes listening interest, listening attitude, the combination of "listening" and "seeing" (that is, understanding the meaning of language) and the ability of "listening to sounds and distinguishing sounds".
Hearing is innate when talking to a newborn child, and his mother's voice can be distinguished after a week. Therefore, after the child is born, parents should often talk to the newborn, especially the mother. Don't think that children don't know anything and are too busy to talk to them. This idea is wrong.
When talking to a newborn, face him, speak kindly, with exaggerated and soft tone, but not too loudly. Let children feel their mother's love, arouse happy emotions, and thus enjoy listening more and more. In 2 ~ 3 weeks, the child will answer you with the voice of "Oh, Oh". The more you talk, the greater your child's reaction will be, and you will begin to form a habit of responding to language, which will be of great benefit to your future speech.
There are many opportunities to talk to the newborn, as long as he is awake, such as when he just wakes up, when changing diapers, when nursing, when taking a shower and washing his face, when teasing the child, in short, when he is in contact with the child, he can gently and softly tell him: What is mom doing for you, what are you thinking, what are you laughing at, what will you call mom and dad, and so on.
From the child's third month, you can use the opportunity of defecation to train the child to understand the meaning of "hmm" (defecation) and "shh" (urination), that is, through the voice, the posture of holding the child to urinate and the child's reaction to urinate, to form the child's understanding of pronunciation. It can be said that this is the first word meaning that children understand and the first skill to learn.
Imitating children's pronunciation and "talking" with children for 4 ~ 8 months is a way to promote children's pronunciation organs to get exercise. Learn from your child's voice and let him pronounce more. Gradually, you will find that your child makes more and more sounds.
Let children imitate your voice, and the transition to word imitation is the basic way for children to learn to speak. From 9 months to school, children basically learn languages through imitation. From 9 months, you can always face your child, at the same time, let your child look at your face, pay attention to your mouth shape, say a sound repeatedly, such as "dad-"and "mom-",let your child imitate your pronunciation, and let him consciously pronounce a syllable gradually. After a child understands the meaning of a word, it becomes a "word sentence", and he can express his needs with words and sentences.
Closely combining words with situations (objects, actions) is the main way for children to understand pronunciation. Children's understanding of the meaning of words is related to language situations, such as the connection between "uh-huh, pee" and pee. Therefore, in order for children to learn the meaning of words, it is necessary to make items (including toys, pictures, photos, etc. ) and sound appear in front of children at the same time, or action and sound appear at the same time. For example, when holding a child, after saying "mom hugs" many times, the child will associate "hugging" with the action of hugging him and understand the meaning of this word. Children 1 year and a half will use "hug".
The cultivation of baby's listening ability should make the child develop from "like listening" and "consciously listening" to "pay attention to listening" in the newborn stage, mainly to attract him with sweet voice, make him feel "good" and cultivate his interest in listening-like listening. In the future, let the child feel that he has heard a certain sound, so that he can get what he wants. When he hears "hug", he will be hugged, and when he hears "mom feeds", he will eat milk, so that he will "listen consciously" and begin to distinguish what he understands. /kloc-after 0/~ 2 years old, it is necessary to cultivate children's ability to "pay attention to listening", such as hearing a familiar mother's voice in a variety of voices and talking to her without paying attention to other voices.
At the age of 2 ~ 3, children should be trained to gradually develop the civilized habit of listening, such as paying attention to each other, not interrupting casually, responding to each other's words with "nod" or "hmm" at any time, and answering other people's questions.
How encouraging. When you find the child listening carefully, praise him. When your child is not listening, you can wait for a while and then attract him with a sweet voice. Don't blame and criticize him.
Cultivation of expressive ability
The ability to express is the ability to speak. Children's speaking ability is mainly manifested in dialogue and soliloquy.
0 ~ 1.5-year-old children can't speak, but generally can only respond to adults' words, gestures and expressions, or express their demands to adults. Expression ability is the focus of training 1.5 ~ 3 years old children.
Teach children to learn short sentences. /kloc-Children around 0/year old can say words and sentences, such as "shoes", which may mean that he is wearing a pair of beautiful shoes on his feet, or that he has "dropped his shoes" or "there are a pair of shoes on the ground". By the age of 2, every sentence of a child contains an average of 2-3 words, such as "mom buys", "dad eats" and "baby eats". By the age of two and a half, the sentence length may reach 3-4 words; At the age of 3, it reached 4 to 5 words. Such as: "mom, class" (mom goes to work), "mom holds the baby" and "take dad's shoes". Therefore, when talking to children, parents should pay great attention to the integrity of their own language, do not blindly imitate the baby's nonstandard language, and use standardized language to influence him.
It is necessary to enrich children's vocabulary through constant observation and activities. Because: only when the words are rich, the children can speak complete sentences. We should make full use of children's opportunities to get in touch with nature (such as going to parks and zoos) and social contact (such as taking buses, being guests, receiving relatives and friends, etc.). ) to teach children to understand more meanings.
Encouraging and teasing children to talk is the basic way to help children develop their language ability. To make children like to talk, we must let them feel the joy of talking and let them have the desire to talk. When the child points to the doll on the table and says "OK", don't give it to him, but say to him: "Baby says" OK "(or" doll "), and mom will get it for you." Let him learn before giving him the doll. Later, as he grew older, he learned to say longer short sentences, such as "I want a doll", "Mom, a doll", "Mom takes a doll" and "Take a doll". In short, let the child express his feelings or needs through language first, and then meet his requirements.
Children are often guided to speak in daily life. Daily life is a good opportunity for children to learn to speak. For example, before eating, guide the children to say "the baby ate" and "the baby ate the fish", but be careful not to let the children talk when eating, so as not to choke or choke.
After getting up, teach your child to say "Baby is up", "Baby is dressed", "Pants are on" and "Shoes are on". Others such as washing face, brushing teeth, toothbrush, toothpaste, towel, etc. You can teach him in life.
Guiding children to learn to speak in games is also an important way to cultivate children's speaking ability. When having a simple conversation, you can play the game of "calling". When children play with building blocks and plastic games, parents can ask him "what is it", "what is it" or "what is the dog doing" and let him answer in words. Note: children always have some ideas when playing various games. Parents should ask for inspiration in time and encourage him to speak out.
Telling stories, telling pictures and reciting children's songs are all good ways to cultivate children's speaking ability. Telling stories to infants should be lively and interesting, and repeated. Children like to hear stories he is familiar with. After listening to it several times, he can ask the children to add some words or sentences to the story, such as "What did the little white rabbit say at this time?" "How angry is the wolf after hearing this?" And so on. At the age of 3, you can tell your child further. Parents can supplement and prompt at any time, so that children can gradually learn to speak through stories.
"Talking by looking at pictures" is also a way for children to learn to speak. Let the children say what is in the picture first, and then let them gradually tell a story fragment according to the picture later (3 ~ 4 years old).
"Reciting children's songs" is a form that children especially like. Read aloud by parents first, or play it to children on tape, then let them learn sentence by sentence. 1 ~ 2 years old, children can only learn one word in nursery rhymes, especially the last word of each sentence, and then they can understand complete sentences and even a nursery rhyme.
It is children's nature to encourage children to ask questions, which is a manifestation of curiosity and a good opportunity to exercise children's speaking ability. Parents should patiently answer their children's questions and praise and encourage them.
Children express mistakes or ask ridiculous questions. At this time, parents should not criticize, blame or laugh at them, but should say, "What does the baby mean?"