the Northeast area
1. Geographical location and scope: Northeast China, including Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province and Liaoning Province (referred to as the three northeastern provinces), is located in the northeast of China, at the core of Northeast Asia, and is adjacent to North Korea and Russia on the east and north sides; It connects Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the west, Hebei Province to the south, and faces Shandong Peninsula across the sea, so its strategic position is very important.
2. Topographic features: the terrain in Northeast China is dominated by plains, hills and mountains, and the surface structure is roughly semicircular with three zones: the lowlands of Heilongjiang, Wusuli, Tumen and Yalu rivers are in the periphery, the mountains and hills are in the middle, and the vast plains are in the interior.
3. Climate characteristics: Northeast China has a temperate monsoon climate, with long cold winters and short warm summers. Northeast China spans warm temperate zone, middle temperate zone and cold temperate zone from south to north, and the temperature difference between north and south is obvious in winter. Precipitation is mostly concentrated in summer; There is more snowfall in winter and the surface snow lasts for a long time, which is the area with more precipitation in China. 4. Population distribution: (1) The population distribution in Northeast China is uneven. There are many people in the central and southern plains, and there are many people in areas with developed industry and transportation, among which Songnen Plain and Liaohe Plain are densely populated. The population in mountainous areas is small. (2) Northeast China is one of the main distribution areas of ethnic minorities in China. The main ethnic minorities are Manchu, Mongolian, Hui and Korean. Manchu is widely distributed in Northeast China and is the largest minority in Northeast China. 5. Urban distribution: (1) Northeast China is an area with dense cities and high urbanization level in China. Cities are mainly concentrated along the traffic lines (railway transportation plays a major role), especially the Harbin-Dalian line, Binzhou line (Harbin-Manzhouli) and Suibin line (Harbin-Suifenhe).
(2) Harbin: Function: a central city in the northeast and an important railway hub. Industrial sectors: machinery, medicine, food, petrochemical, flax textile, sugar beet and other industrial sectors are more prominent.
(3) Changchun: Function: the central city in the central part of Northeast China and a famous automobile manufacturing base in China. Industrial sectors: automobile manufacturing, railway vehicle manufacturing.
(4) Shenyang: Function: the largest comprehensive central city and transportation hub in Northeast China, and a national historical and cultural city. Industrial sector: famous for electromechanical, heavy machinery and non-ferrous metallurgy.
(5) Dalian: Function: an important gateway to Northeast China, a famous summer resort and an important aquatic product base in China. Industrial sector: shipbuilding, locomotive manufacturing, petrochemical industry, clothing and other industries are developed. 6. Agricultural development conditions of agricultural production base (1):
five
Rich in land resources and mild and humid climate.
(2) Main crops: ① Food crops: wheat, corn, rice and soybean. Among them, corn is relatively concentrated in Songnen Plain and Liaohe Plain. Wheat is widely distributed in the Northeast Plain. ② Cash crops: beet, peanut and flax. Beets are mainly concentrated in Songnen Plain and Sanjiang Plain.
(3) Agricultural status: Northeast China is an important commodity grain base in China, mainly including Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain. 7. Heavy industry base
(1) Development conditions: rich coal, iron and petroleum resources (Heilongjiang Province-Jixi, Hegang Coal Mine and Daqing Oilfield. Liaoning Province-Fushun Coal Mine, Anshan and Benxi Iron Mines, Liaohe Oilfield. )
(2) Industrial characteristics and industrial sectors: Heavy industry is the pillar industry in Northeast China. The main industrial sectors are steel, machinery, automobile, petrochemical industry and so on. Since 2 1 century, the high-tech industry and textile industry in Northeast China have also made great progress.
(3) Industrial layout: Harbin is an important power machinery base in China. With Shenyang and Qiqihar as the center, a production base of heavy machinery and metallurgical equipment has been formed. With Changchun and Dalian as the center, a transportation machinery manufacturing base has been formed. Northeast China is an important petroleum industrial base in China, and Daqing Oilfield is the largest oilfield in China.
(4) Revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China: Since 1990s, the dominant position of traditional industries in Northeast China has been declining, and economic development is facing unprecedented difficulties. In 2003, the state clearly put forward the development strategy of revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China, speeding up the adjustment of industrial structure, promoting the innovation of system and mechanism, especially using high and new technologies to transform traditional industries and supporting the transformation and upgrading of resource-exhausted cities. 8. Liaozhongnan Industrial Base
(1) development conditions: rich coal, iron and oil resources (Fushun coal mine, Anshan and Benxi iron mines, Liaohe Oilfield),
Convenient transportation.
(2) Main industrial sectors: Shenyang-machinery industry, Anshan and Benxi-iron and steel industry, Fushun-petrochemical Liaoyang-chemical industry, Dalian-shipbuilding industry.