(2) Harmonious clans and villages
(3) Honor the elders
(four), in line with moral norms, a clear birthright.
(5) Ancestor Sacrifice and Grave Sacrifice Procedures
(6), cultivate one's morality
China's top ten family precepts:
Zhou Gongdan (about 1 100 BC) was surnamed Ji Mingdan, known as Duke Zhou. According to legend, the system of rites and music established a system of laws and regulations and was honored as the founder of Confucianism.
"One meal, three meals"
After Zhou Chengwang came to power, he built a new capital, Luoyi, and made a vassal. He gave the land of Lu to Bo Qin, the son of Duke Zhou. Duke Zhou warned his son, "Don't despise talents just because you are sealed in Lu. I am the son of King Wen, my younger brother and uncle of King Cheng, and I am also responsible for assisting the emperor, so my position in the world is not contemptible. However, in a bath, you have to stop many times, grab your hair, receive guests, eat, and stop many times for fear of losing your talent because of negligence. I have heard that if you are generous in virtue, but respect others, you will get honor; There is no danger if you are broad and diligent; If you are humble, you will always be rich; If people are strong but awe-inspiring, they will always win; Smart and wise, but always think that they are stupid and ignorant, that is, smart people; Being knowledgeable, rote memorizing and ignorant is really smart. These six points are all virtues of modesty and prudence. Even if you are the son of heaven, you are rich in the world because you follow these virtues. Failure to be humble leads to death and national mourning. Jay is such an example. How can you be careless? " Birqin lived up to his father's expectations, and within a few years, he managed to turn Lu into a state of etiquette with simple folk customs and respect for agriculture and learning. There is a saying that "the Duke of Zhou vomits food, and the world returns to the heart". Duke Zhou's inculcation of his son is well-intentioned.
Sima Tan's Life Music, Sima Tan (? -Former 1 10), a native of xia yang (now Hancheng, Shaanxi) in the Western Han Dynasty, his son Sima Qian. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a Taishiling.
"the greatest filial piety"
Sima Tan is knowledgeable, so he later made the Taishi Order of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, commonly known as Taishi Gong, who was in charge of the weather ephemeris and was also responsible for recording, collecting and preserving ancient books and documents. This position is a newly established official position of Emperor Wu, which can be said to be "tailored" by Emperor Wu for Sima Tan. Therefore, Sima Tan is grateful and conscientious to Emperor Wu. Because of his strong sense of responsibility, Sima Tan took his son Sima Qian by the hand and told him in tears when he was dying. This is Sima Tan's Music of Life. Sima Tan hoped that Sima Qian would inherit his career after his death and never forget to write history books, which he thought was "great filial piety". "Filial piety to her husband can help her family and her husband, and eventually she will gain a foothold. Later generations are famous to show their parents, and this filial piety is great. " He thinks that in the more than 400 years after Confucius' death, the princes merged, the history books were dated, and today's domestic unification, the deeds of being wise and loyal, and so on. As an official, I feel very uneasy about not being able to perform my writing duties. Therefore, he earnestly hopes that Sima Qian can finish his unfinished business. Sima Qian lived up to his father's entrustment and finally wrote Records of the Historian, which is known as "a historian's swan song, leaving Sao without rhyme" and is famous in history. Some people say that without Sima Qian's The Life of a Touched Child, there would be no Sima Qian's Historical Records. It's true.
Zhuge Liang's Commandments and Nephew Commandments
Zhuge Liang (18 1-234), a famous politician and strategist in China history, is also a famous wise man in folklore.
"If you are not indifferent, you will have no ambition."
Zhuge Liang got his son Zhuge Zhan at the age of 46. He likes this son very much and hopes that his son will become a pillar of the country in the future. Zhuge Liang has two sisters, and the son of the second sister is Pang Huan, who is deeply loved by Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang fought all the year round and was entangled in government affairs, but he still did not forget to educate his children. The two letters he wrote to Zhuge Zhan and Pang Huan were called "Commanding Book" and "Commanding Nephew Book". The Book of Commandments says, "A gentleman's journey is to cultivate one's morality through quietness and frugality. Not cold, not awake, not quiet, not far away. If you study quietly, you must study. If you don't study, you won't learn widely. If you have no ambition, you can't succeed. If you are slow, you can't be energetic, and if you are dangerous, you can't be radical. Time keeps pace with the times, meaning keeps pace with the day, and then it becomes withered, not enough to meet the world, and it will be very sad to stay in poverty! " The Book of Nephew Commandments says: "A husband should aim high, respect sages, abstain from lewdness and abandon doubt and stagnation. In this way, Ji Shu's ambition will be exposed and he will feel sad. Endure flexion and extension, remove details, ask questions extensively, except being too stingy. Although I have stayed for a long time, why bother to harm the beauty, why bother to suffer it? If the ambition is not strong, the spirit is not generous, people are stuck in vulgarity and silently tied to feelings, they will never be mediocre. " It can be seen from the two letters that he has the same requirements for his son and nephew. The Book of Commandments and the Book of Nephew are masterpieces in ancient family precepts, which expound the principles of self-cultivation, scholarship and being a man, and make people think.
Yan jiaxun
Yan Zhitui (53 1—59 1) was born in Linyi and crossed the river with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He experienced the Southern and Northern Dynasties and knew the advantages and disadvantages of learning from the South and using it from the North.
"It is better to be thin than to accumulate wealth."
Yan Zhitui combined his life experience and philosophical knowledge to write a book "Family Instructions of Yan Family" to admonish future generations. There are seven volumes and twenty articles in the book, each of which covers a wide range, but it mainly educates children with traditional Confucianism and tells them how to cultivate themselves, keep the family in order, live in the world and study. For example, he advocates learning and opposes being unlearned; It is believed that learning should focus on reading and attach importance to the knowledge of workers, peasants and soldiers and businessmen. It is unrealistic to advocate "learning is expensive and can do it" and oppose empty talk. Many famous sentences in the book are widely circulated, such as: "Living with kindness, like entering Lan Zhi's room, will last a long time;" Living with the wicked is like eating abalone, which stinks for a long time. " "It is better to be thin than to accumulate wealth." "Young scholars, such as the light of the morning glow; Old scholars, such as candlelight at night, sages, close their eyes and disappear. " "Can't be jealous between father and son; Love with flesh and blood, not Jane. If you don't accept Jane's kindness, you will waste your life. " "Don't hesitate to live, don't pity. "Wait a minute. Throughout the ages, Yan family precepts have been highly respected, and even thought that "ancient and modern family precepts are based on this", which has been published and engraved repeatedly, although it lasted for more than a thousand years.
Emperor Taizong's "Royal Commandments"
Li Shimin (598-649), the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, ruled the world in a civilized way and treated his subordinates modestly.
"Eat one meal at a time and you will miss your husband."
Family Instructions for the Royal Family occupies a special position, and one of its representative works is Li Shimin's Family Instructions for the Royal Family. Emperor Taizong attached great importance to the education of governors, and often warned future generations to abide by moral norms, strengthen moral cultivation, and master the way of governing the country. In commanding the royal family, Emperor Taizong took his diligence as an example to warn the royal family who was born with wealth and grew up in the palace to restrain themselves, cherish property and not be extravagant. Every time they wear a dress and eat a meal, they should not forget the hard work of silkworm women farmers. When you hear a decision, don't be preconceived, don't consider your own emotions, be humble and be good at listening to different opinions, don't despise others because they have shortcomings, and don't be arrogant because they have advantages. Treat those who dare to oppose you as teachers and those who please you as thieves. Only in this way can we be prosperous, virtuous and auspicious forever. Emperor Taizong had such strict requirements for the royal family that it was natural for the rule of Zhenguan to appear.
Bao Zheng Family Instructions
Bao Zheng (999— 1062), a famous official in the Northern Song Dynasty, was known for his wisdom in breaking prisons and honest and frank, and was also known as "Bao Gong" and "Bao Qingtian".
"Those who abuse stolen goods will not be sent back to their own homes."
Bao Zheng is famous for its incorruptibility, integrity and law enforcement. In his later years, he formulated a family training for future generations, saying: "Future generations are officials, and abusers are not allowed to return to their own homes; After his death, he should not be buried in a big coffin. Not from my ambition, not from my descendants. "There are thirty-seven words in all, and the words at the bottom say,' Lift the stone and stand on the east wall of the main hall to make a letter to future generations. "Fourteen words again." Xun "is Bao Zheng's son Bao Xun. Bao Zheng's family instruction was a warning to his descendants before his death. He asked his son to publish the stone and erect it on the east wall of the main house for future generations. These 37 words embody Bao Gong's integrity and clean hands. Although it has a history of 1000 years, it is enough for the world. Bao Zheng's family precepts are not only his admonitions to future generations, but also a portrayal of his life.
Ouyang Xiu's Teaching Theory
Ouyang Xiu (1007- 1072), a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
"Jade is rough and wears easily."
Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was 4 years old, and his mother was very strict in his education. In order to reduce expenses, mother used reeds and charcoal as pens to teach Ouyang Xiu to read on the land or sand. Ouyang Xiu hopes that his son can continue to develop the habit of reading and learn the truth of being a man from books. So when he was teaching his second son, Ouyang Yi, to study hard, he wrote "On Teaching": "The jade is unfinished and abrasive; People don't learn or know. However, jade is one thing, and Changde is constant. Although it is not a tool, it still does no harm to jade. Human nature, because things move, if you don't learn, you will be a villain instead of a gentleman. Can you not miss it? " Ouyang Xiu uses "jade" as a metaphor for "human". He teaches well and can be described as a good hand.
Yuan Cai, born in an unknown year, died in 1 195, 1 163 as a scholar, and later served as an official, in charge of letters and visits reception, and served as an official with integrity.
"There is no need to persuade the bad guys for evil."
Yuan Cai is a talented person with good moral character. At that time, people praised him as "well-behaved, knowledgeable and rich in literature". When he was a magistrate in Yueqing County, he was deeply impressed by Zisi's practice of promoting the golden mean among the people, so he wrote a book Yuan Fan Shi to practice ethical education. Yuan Fan Shi is simple, vivid and homely, so it is also called "popular training". There are many wonderful sentences in the book, such as "A villain should keep a respectful distance from others", "It is more important to blame others than others", "A villain doesn't need to remonstrate evil", "party member is not good at self-knowledge and warning himself" and so on. Yuan's Fan Shi soon became a training material for private schools. Scholar-officials of all ages regarded this book as a treasure. Yuan Fan Shi is a work in the history of China's family instructions, comparable to Yan's family instructions, and truly "hangs on future generations".
Zhu Bailu (1627— 1698), a native of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, was a family precept of Zhu Zi. A famous philosopher and educator. Zhu Bailu's father was killed while resisting the Qing army in Kunshan. Zhu Bailu served his mother, took care of his younger brothers and sisters, and made full preparations for emigration. He has never been an official and has been teaching in the countryside all his life. He devoted himself to his studies, based on neo-Confucianism of Cheng and Zhu, and advocated the unity of knowledge and action. He and Gu both insisted on being unlearned in the Kangxi Dynasty, and were called "Three Scholars of Wuzhong" with Xu Fang and Yang Wuxia. The full text of Zhu Zi's Family Instructions is more than 500 words, which is concise, easy to understand and catchy. Since its publication, it has spread like wildfire and become a well-known and well-known classic family instruction for godchildren in the Qing Dynasty. Some of these epigrams, such as "a porridge and a meal, are not easy to think about;" Half a silk and half a wisp, always thinking about material difficulties, "prepare for a rainy day and dig a well without thirst" still has educational significance today. Although the full text of Zhu Zi's Family Instructions is only 506 words, it is the epitome of Confucianism's way of life.
There are three Li Yuxiu (1647- 1729) in Disciples Rules. Famous scholar and educator in the early Qing Dynasty. "Everyone loves" After Li Yuxiu failed in the imperial examination, he devoted himself to learning. According to the traditional requirements of children's education and his own teaching practice, he wrote Xun, which was later revised by Jia Cunren and renamed Disciples' Rules. Disciples Rules was widely circulated in the late Qing Dynasty, and its influence was almost the same as that of the three or hundred surnames and Qian. Disciples Rules, a seemingly insignificant little book, actually brings together the great wisdom of China sages.
I teach my family style,
Encourage family members, respect ancestors, respect sages,
Encourage reading and persuade farmers. Chunhua folk custom,
Pi Zhen's family sounds. Do good deeds and accumulate virtue,
Good neighborliness and friendship. Law-abiding,
A special music group. Enterprising and innovating,
Perseverance and forge ahead.
Wen can write books and make statements.
Military power can protect the country and defend the country.
"Family style", also known as family style, refers to the fashion and lifestyle handed down from generation to generation by families, that is, the atmosphere in a family. Family style is a value standard for future generations in the family. It is a collective recognition based on the roots of Chinese culture, a spiritual footprint of each individual's growth, and a family cultural outlook that reflects the spiritual outlook, moral quality, aesthetic style and overall temperament handed down from generation to generation by family members.
"Family training" refers to the family's instruction to children and grandchildren to live in the world and manage the family. Family precepts have been formed in China for a long time. Generally, it is passed down from one family to educate and regulate future generations. They are also called family laws. It is an important part of China's traditional culture and family. In the history of China, it has played an important role in self-cultivation and family planning, and it is also a necessary condition to make the country more prosperous.
Characteristics of traditional family style:
1, exemplary: Family style, as a value recognized by a family or family, must be authoritative and exemplary, that is, "exemplary".
2. Sociality: Family is the cell of society, and the existence of family style must adapt to the social trend.
3. Inheritance: "From generation to generation" and "lifestyle" are two important labels of family style, and the inheritance of family style is largely reflected in lifestyle.
Characteristics of family style in the new period;
1. Absorbability: First, it absorbed the excellent traditional culture of China, but it was not abandoned because of the introduction of western ideas; Second, absorbing western science, education does not stick to China's traditional knowledge, but goes out to learn advanced western science.
2. Creativity: The creativity of family style in the new era is mainly manifested in the birth and development of "red family style".
Red family style: it is a family style formed by proletarian revolutionaries of the older generation and outstanding people in the long-term revolutionary practice, socialist construction and the historical process of reform and opening up, and it is an important part of the Chinese national spirit and fine tradition.
3. Innovation: The proposal of socialist core value system and socialist core values is the source of family style innovation in the new era. Under the leadership of China, it is the common ideal of the people of all ethnic groups in China to take the Socialism with Chinese characteristics road and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Families cultivate not only successors, but also builders and successors of the communist cause.
Hello everyone!
Welcome to the 365 family meditation classic reading column of Cui Chen Tianxin College. I'm Miss Lei Lei.
Today, let's talk about the tradition of family letters and instructions in China.
China ancients, after their own achievements, would like to pass on their wisdom and experience to future generations, so that future generations would take fewer detours, so they had family instructions and letters. Among them are Zhuge Liang's commandments, Yan's family precepts in Yan Zhitui in the Northern Qi Dynasty, Four Instructions for Becoming a Monk in the Ming Dynasty, Zeng Guofan's letters from Zeng Guofan in the Qing Dynasty, and of course, Zhu Jiaxun, who we are studying now.
In ancient times, a person needed four kinds of education in his life.
First of all, family education is rooted education and ethical education, and it is an important stage to cultivate children's morality, personality, habits, values and correct knowledge. The quality of this kind of education will directly affect the child's life. As the saying goes, "look at the old at the age of three." That's the truth.
If family education is lacking, it will be the biggest loss for a family and a child. Yin Guang, a famous monk, once said: "If people want to prosper, they must first start with strict family rules; If people want to lose, they must start from the decadence of family rules. " It really hit the nail on the head. The ancients said: teach children to be young and teach women to be new. It embodies the important principle of the ancients in dealing with people: cautious beginning. When it comes to teaching children at the beginning, it actually begins when the mother is pregnant, which is the so-called "prenatal education". "Yan's Family Instructions" records: "In ancient times, the holy king had the method of prenatal education: pregnant in the third month, leaving the palace to live, eyes not evil, ears not false, sound taste, ceremony also." The ancient holy king had a method of prenatal education: in March, the queen became pregnant and went out to live in other places. Her eyes didn't see what she shouldn't see, and her ears didn't hear what she shouldn't hear. All sounds and smells are provided according to etiquette.
Second, school education is a continuation of family education, and it is an education to cultivate people's wisdom, ability and knowledge.
The third is social education, which is the expansion of family education, and it is an education that a person practices things, benefits the society and cultivates peace.
Fourth, religious education, that is, the education of returning to nature and understanding cause and effect, allows us to understand the truth of life in the universe. With these four kinds of education, a perfect life can be achieved.
Our current education focuses on family education and school education. We have studied Chinese culture and learned the importance of four kinds of education in ancient times, especially family education. Therefore, we should seriously study Zhu Xi's family instructions, which teach us to learn classics. We should inherit the wisdom of family education from ancient sages to benefit ourselves, the nation and future generations.
This is the end of today's classic reading. Let the wisdom of Chinese studies enter thousands of households. See you tomorrow!
"Tianxin 365" is the daily content of Cui Chen Tianxin College, from which we can learn more life wisdom and enrich our perspective on the world. You can go to the Himalayas to pay attention to Teacher Athena Chu and listen to the audio.
I don't have any family instructions, but I remember my grandfather always said: be honest in life and do things honestly. For more than six years, my grandfather was a commune cadre and didn't mess with anyone during the Cultural Revolution.
My father said: you are a loach, so you are not afraid of mud paste your eyes. In the 1990s, people will inevitably be offended or threatened to crack down on illegal logging and family planning. I talked to the old man about this the year before last, and he said the same thing.