I Seychelles
Seychelles is an archipelagic country in the Indian Ocean in East Africa, consisting of 92 islands. 1On June 29th, 976, Seychelles declared its independence, established the Republic of Seychelles and became a member of the Commonwealth. More than half of the whole territory is a nature reserve, which has the reputation of' tourist paradise'.
Seychelles' economy is underdeveloped and most of its income depends on the consumption of inbound tourists. Seychelles' industrial base is relatively weak, and agriculture accounts for only about 30% of the economy. Therefore, more than 70% of Seychelles' economic income comes from tourism.
Seychelles has a land area of 455.39 square kilometers and a population of 96,800. The climate is characterized by only two seasons in a year, hot season and cool season. There is no winter in Seychelles. Therefore, Seychelles belongs to the tropical rain forest climate, which is typical of high temperature and rainy tropical rain forest climate.
Seychelles is equivalent to a huge natural botanical garden, with more than 500 species of plants, of which more than 80 species are unique to the world. Among them, AlDabbouraIsland is a famous turtle island, where tens of thousands of big turtles live, while Frega Tis Island is an insect world, Kongsen Island is a paradise for birds, and Iger Island is rich in colorful shells.
What is the economic level of Seychelles?
One of the economic characteristics: Seychelles has a high per capita GDP. According to the data of the International Monetary Fund, the total economic output of Seychelles in 2005 was US$ 654.38+0.6 billion, or about RMB 654.38+0.8 billion, equivalent to Gaobeidian, a county-level city in Hebei Province. Seychelles' annual per capita GDP is 16923 USD, equivalent to RMB 1 10800 Yuan; The per capita GDP of Gaobeidian is 13885 yuan, but the population is about 570,000, while the population of Seychelles is less than 65,438+10,000.
The second economic feature: Seychelles has a superior living environment. Seychelles, Maldives and Hairball are called "three pearls" in the Indian Ocean. It has the world's top seawater, beaches and hotels, and is recommended by National Geographic as one of the 50 must-see places in life. For example, British soccer superstar David Beckham and British Prince William both chose this place as their holiday destinations. Seychelles, known as the last "Garden of Eden" in the world, has also been rated as the world's first air quality by Yale University. At the same time, it is recognized by the United Nations as the country with the highest human development index in Africa and the most suitable for human life.
Seychelles is extremely strict in the protection of "Jinshan Yinshan" and "Qingshan Green Water". Anyone who cuts down a tree must report to the Ministry of Environment for approval, especially in the sea area of Ocean Park. In order to protect tropical fish, Seychelles people prohibit fishing, and locals do not encourage tourists to pick up shells, because Seychelles people think that' shells-plankton-shrimp-small fish-big fish' has formed a biological chain, which is why Seychelles has an excellent natural environment and, of course, superman's welfare.
The third economic feature: free education and medical care in Seychelles. Seychelles has combined primary and secondary schools into a nine-year system and implemented free and compulsory education (free lunch is provided every day). Nursery, 90% children under the age of four can participate. Children are forced to go to school from the age of five, from grade one to grade nine.
Seychelles implements free medical services, including medicines and all treatment fees. Seychelles nationals can also receive public transportation subsidies, and most public services such as culture, sports and water supply are also subsidized to a certain extent. Therefore, Seychelles' health budget has always ranked second among all the departmental budgets in Seychelles.
The fourth economic feature: Seychelles society is essentially a matriarchal society. Mother plays a leading role in the family. Mothers are responsible for raising children and controlling family income. Although Seychelles law requires fathers to bear the responsibility of raising children, they are often only responsible for providing sources of income and often lack the responsibility of fathers in family roles. Therefore, unmarried mothers are often the norm in Seychelles society.
In the matriarchal society, Seychelles has implemented an "amazing" welfare system. Seychelles is a very good welfare country. Residents can get the minimum living security, especially the level of security is much higher than the average wage in most countries, which is very rare in African countries. At the same time, Seychelles has formulated a lifelong medical care system and a comprehensive employment plan, and provided various relief funds to low-income people.
The fifth economic feature: beautiful environment, known as "Xanadu". Seychelles has unique animals and plants in the world. Bo Huaron in Seychelles is the top three beaches in the world. Its soft beaches and green waters attract thousands of wealthy Europeans to make pilgrimages here every year. Victoria, the capital of Seychelles, is surrounded by mountains and rivers and is called a paradise by a large number of tourists.
Seychelles people are mostly Creoles with different skin colors, including white, black, brown, yellow and red. Seychelles people call themselves Creoles regardless of their skin color.
Creole means "mixed", which usually refers to the mixing and simplification of Portuguese, English, French and African languages. The languages spoken in the southern United States, the Caribbean and parts of West Africa are also collectively called Creole. Creoles who speak these languages usually live together for generations, and Seychelles' ancestors came from non-Eurasia. Therefore, in Seychelles, people of different colors and religions live in harmony, and ordinary people live a leisurely life.
Two. Mauritius
Mauritius island, an island country in eastern Africa, is located in the southwest of the Indian Ocean, about 800 kilometers away from Madagascar and 2,200 kilometers away from the African continent. Mauritius island covers an area of 1865 km2, accounting for more than 90% of Mauritian territory.
Port Louis, the capital of mauritius island, was built in 1735. It is the political, cultural and economic center of Mauritius and the largest seaport in Mauritius, with an annual throughput of over 7 million tons. Port Louis, the capital, is the largest city in Mauritius and the national political, economic and cultural center, with 6,543,800+4,000 residents. Port Louis is surrounded by mountains on three sides and has beautiful scenery. It is a natural port, located on the main passage between the South Atlantic and the Indian Ocean.
Before the Suez Canal was navigable, it was the only place to sail around the Cape of Good Hope. In the late 1970s, Port Louis was built into a modern port and one of the largest sugar docks in the world.
One of the economic characteristics: Mauritius is known as "Switzerland in Africa". Mauritius was once one of the three countries with high human development index in Africa and was known as "Switzerland in Africa". The other two countries are Gabon and Seychelles, rich economies in Africa.
The second economic feature: Mauritius's per capita GDP exceeds US$ 654.38 +0 million. According to IMF statistics, in, Mauritius's GDP was 654.38+04.8 billion US dollars, equivalent to about 96.5 billion yuan, exceeding the economic aggregate of Tongling City, Anhui Province. The per capita GDP of Mauritius is 1 1666 USD, which is about 76,000 RMB. Mauritius' GDP per capita is $65,438+$065,438+$0666, even surpassing Russia's $65,438+$065438+$0040 and Argentina's $65,438+$00669.
The second economic feature: the per capita gross national income of Mauritius is as high as 12535 USD. According to previous CCTV news reports, the World Bank released the classification of national income, and Mauritius, an African island country, became a high-income country in the world. Mauritius became the second African country to be promoted to the high-income category after Seychelles. According to the classification of the World Bank, the per capita gross national income of Mauritius exceeds US$ 65,438+02,535, which is about RMB 82,000, and the average monthly income is about RMB 6,800. Don't forget that this is an African country.
The third economic feature: Mauritius has free education and free medical care.
The happiness index of Mauritians may exceed some people's imagination. For example, the state has implemented a series of welfare policies such as free medical care, free education, unemployment relief, and rice and flour price subsidies.
In terms of education, Mauritius implements free education in universities, secondary schools and primary schools, and is one of the developing countries with high education level in China. The education rate of people under the age of 30 is as high as 95%.
Therefore, in terms of free education, free medical care and subsidies, the living conditions of Mauritius residents are relatively relaxed.
The fourth economic feature: white sugar is an important economic pillar of Mauritius. Mauritius has a single economy, almost a sugar industry. Sugarcane has always been the main cash crop in Mauritius, and its planting area accounts for about 90% of the annual planting area. Sugarcane cultivation in Mauritius is used to produce rum and sucrose. Sugarcane was first introduced to Mauritius by the Dutch in 1638, when it was mainly used for wine making.
Fifth economic feature: Mauritius was once the only place where dodos lived in the world. At present, this bird became extinct at the end of 17. The so-called dodo, also called Mauritius dodo, is a flightless bird, which is only found on Mauritius Island in the Indian Ocean.
Only 200 years after being discovered by humans, this bird was completely extinct because of human hunting and human activities. It is one of the most famous extinct animals besides dinosaurs. Mauritius is the only extinct bird designated as the national bird. The dodo became extinct on 168 1
The sixth feature: Mauritius's excellent "diplomatic economy". The per capita income of Mauritius is the highest among African developing China countries. It is worth mentioning that Mauritius's diplomatic work is excellent, because Mauritius pursues a neutral, non-aligned and all-round opening policy. Mauritius not only handled diplomatic relations with neighboring countries, but also handled diplomatic relations with Europe and the United States very well, which can be described as versatile. Mauritians believe that if "making enemies on all sides" is not conducive to economic growth, this pragmatic foreign policy ensures the long-term economic development of Mauritius.
To sum up, Mauritius has a very good working and living environment. Its quality of life ranks 54th in the world, and once ranked first in Africa and Indian Ocean countries.
Three. Gabon
Gabon, located on the west coast of Central Africa, crosses the equatorial line. The western Atlantic has 800 kilometers of coastline. Since August 1960, it has been independent from French rule. The land area is 267,700 square kilometers and the population is 2 1 1 10,000.
Historically, Gabon has had human activities as early as ancient times. In the 10 century, Bantu people have settled in Gabon. 1472, Portuguese colonists came to the Gulf of Gabon. Gabon got its name because the topography of this bay was very similar to the coat worn by Portuguese sailors at that time (gabao in Portuguese).
Portugal was followed by Dutch, British and French colonists. From the end of 15 to the end of 19, Gabon became an important place for European colonists to plunder slaves. 1845, 18000 slaves were transported from Gabon Bay to Cuba and Brazil. Colonists also plundered ivory, ebony and other products from Gabon.
Gabon is a middle-income developing country. After independence, the economy once developed rapidly. Gabon has a weak industrial and agricultural base. Among them, oil, manganese, uranium and timber are the four pillars of Gabon's economy.
Gabon's main export trading partners are the United States, China and the Russian Federation, and its import source is mainly French.
One of Gabon's economic characteristics: Gabon is rich in natural resources. Gabon enjoys the reputation of "treasure house of resources", "hometown of green gold" and "hometown of timber". Gabon mainly has oil, timber and manganese ore. In particular, the recoverable oil reserves are about 400 million tons. Manganese ore reserves are 200 million tons, accounting for a quarter of the world's proven reserves. Manganese ore production ranks third in the world, second only to South Africa and Australia. Nb reserves are about 400,000 tons, accounting for 5% of the world's total reserves. The iron ore reserves are 800 ~ 654.38+000 billion tons, and the grade is above 60%. Other mineral deposits include phosphate, gold, barite, nickel, chromium and zinc.
Gabon's forest area accounts for 85% of its land area. The log reserves are about 400 million cubic meters, ranking third in Africa. There are more than 400 commercial tree species in China, mainly Gumei and Ozigo, among which Gumei's stock is 65.438+0.3 billion cubic meters, ranking first in the world.
It is worth mentioning that the development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Gabon is relatively slow. As early as 2002, the output value of this industry accounted for 8% of GDP. Among them, grain, meat, vegetables, eggs and fruits are not self-sufficient, and all wheat and its products need to be imported. The arable land in Gabon is less than 2% of the whole country. The main agricultural products are cassava, plantain, corn, yam, taro, cocoa, coffee, vegetables, rubber and palm oil.
Gabon's second economic feature: the most prosperous country in Africa. Gabon's low population density, abundant natural resources and good foreign investment have helped Gabon become the most prosperous country in Africa. According to statistics, Gabon's human development index is the highest among sub-Saharan African countries.
Gabon's third economic feature: Gabon has a very good economic aggregate in Africa. Gabon's annual GDP is 654.38+067 billion US dollars, equivalent to about 654.38+0093 billion yuan, equivalent to the economic aggregate of Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province;
Gabon's annual per capita GDP is 7691USD, about 50037 RMB; Compared with Chaozhou's annual per capita GDP of 40,664 yuan, Chaozhou has a population of 2.75 million.
Four. Botswana
Botswana (English name: Botswana), also translated into Botswana. Botswana, a landlocked country in southern Africa. Botswana is one of the countries with the fastest economic development and good economic situation in Africa. Diamond industry, cattle industry and emerging manufacturing industry are pillar industries. However, diseases still seriously threaten the social and economic security of the country, and Botswana has one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. AIDS is indeed a big problem that plagues Africa. In Botswana, the prevalence of AIDS is as high as 37%.
Botswana covers an area of 600,370 square kilometers, of which the land area is 58 1.730 square kilometers and the water area is 1.5000 square kilometers, making it the 45th largest country in the world, second only to Ukraine. It's about the size of Madagascar, but slightly smaller than Texas.
Botswana is roughly flat. Kalahari desert is located in the central and southwest of the country, covering nearly 70% of Botswana's land. Okavango swamp is located in the northwest and is the largest inland delta in the world.
Botswana is located in the inland of southern Africa. Most areas have a tropical arid grassland climate, and the west is a desert, which belongs to a tropical desert climate. Botswana has the highest mortality rate in the world. According to the report of the World Health Organization in 2006, the average life expectancy of bloggers is 40 years old. The official language is English, and the lingua franca are Tswana and English. Most residents believe in Protestantism and Catholicism.
One of Botswana's economic characteristics: Botswana is rich in mineral resources. Its main mineral resources are diamonds, followed by copper, nickel, coal, soda ash, platinum, gold and manganese. Botswana's diamond reserves and output rank among the top in the world. The proven copper-nickel ore reserves are 46 million tons, and the coal reserves are 654.38+0.7 billion tons.
Botswana's second economic feature: high GDP and per capita GDP. Botswana is one of the countries with the fastest economic development and good economic situation in Africa. Diamond industry, cattle industry and emerging manufacturing industry are pillar industries. Diamond export revenue has exceeded the export of traditional livestock products, and Bo is one of the major rough diamond producers in the world. Its tourism industry is relatively developed. According to the data published by relevant international organizations, in 20 12 years, many indicators such as economic freedom and investment environment once ranked in the forefront of Africa.
Botswana's annual GDP is US$ 654.38+096 billion (IMF), equivalent to about RMB 654.38+0283 billion, equivalent to the economic aggregate of Yangjiang City, Guangdong Province. Botswana's annual per capita GDP is US$ 8,530, equivalent to RMB 5,5871yuan.
The third economic feature of Botswana is that it is the most competitive country in Africa with the lowest credit risk. Compared with other African countries, Botswana has a good financial management record, especially in 2004, it was listed as the cleanest country in Africa by Transparency International, and its evaluation was even higher than that of many European countries.
The World Economic Forum rated Botswana as one of the two most competitive countries in Africa. As early as 2004, Botswana was once again rated as "A" by Moody's Investors Service and Standard & Poor's, which made Botswana the country with the lowest credit risk in Africa, comparable to countries in Central Europe and Latin America.
In 20 16, Botswana was ranked at the top of the list of "the most worthwhile country to visit" in the travel bible Lonely Planet, and was called "Africa's untold pride".
Botswana's fourth largest economic feature: Botswana is one of the important tourist countries in Africa. Rich in tourism resources, Bo is a country with a large number of wild animals in Africa. The government has designated 38% of the country's land as wildlife reserves, and established three national parks and five wildlife reserves. Job National Park and Okavango Delta Wildlife Sanctuary are the main tourist attractions.
Tourism is now the second largest source of foreign exchange income and the key development industry of economic diversification strategy.
Northern Botswana is a beautiful and desolate place. Because of its extremely cherished ecological environment, it was selected as the world wildlife heritage by UNESCO.
Kalahari desert, which spans Botswana, Namibia and South Africa, is the second largest desert in Africa after the Sahara Desert.
Moremi Game Reserve occupies one third of Okavango Delta and is one of the most densely populated areas in Africa.
Makgadikgadi is a low-lying land in kalahari desert. It is the largest salt marsh group in the world, with an area as large as Switzerland. It used to be one of the largest inland lakes in Africa. However, with the increase of salinity in the lake, the water evaporates and becomes a large mirror-like salt marsh.
It is the only world cultural heritage in Botswana, Tsodilo, and one of the most concentrated rock art sites in the world. It is called the Louvre in the desert.
Botswana attaches great importance to national education, and the adult literacy rate has increased from less than 10% in 1966 to 8 1.2% in 2009. Bo's education system is complete, with 7 years in primary school, 3 years in junior high school and 2 years in senior high school. Primary and junior high schools are compulsory, and primary and higher education are free of tuition. Since 2006, middle schools have implemented a tuition-sharing system, with junior high school students paying 300 pula a year, senior high school students paying 600 pula a year, and most of the rest is borne by the government. (1 pula =0.60344 RMB).
Botswana also has some social problems. For example, according to the World Health Organization and UNAIDS, Botswana has one of the highest HIV infection rates in the world. According to statistics, 37% of Botswana's population of 65,438+700,000 people are infected with HIV, which is more than one third of the country's total population.
Although Botswana is one of the richest countries in Africa, its per capita GDP is very high in Africa, and the country is vast, sparsely populated and socially stable. In particular, free and compulsory education has been implemented, there is almost no corruption and the crime rate is extremely low. It has never been involved in various wars in Africa, and its citizens are loyal to the government. Surprisingly, Botswana has the highest HIV infection rate in the world. Therefore, the president of the country called for AIDS to sweep across the country in the near future if it is not effectively controlled.