A New Model of Early Childhood Education 1 1. Problems in Early Childhood Education
1, preschool education in China deviates from the educational goal.
In general, kindergartens are the most common and popular educational institutions for children's education in China. Kindergartens generally implement the principle of combining conservation with education, and provide children with comprehensive education in morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, so that children can grow up healthily and happily in kindergartens.
However, in the face of the rapidly increasing social pressure, many parents also regard kindergarten as the most important place for their children to live and study. As a result, children spend more time away from their parents. In contrast, they spend a relatively long time in kindergarten, which has become a nursery to some extent. As everyone knows, this kind of education violates the law of education and seriously ignores the family's education process for young children. After all, parents are children's first teachers and the best teachers. Children are in the stage of ignorance of society. They should have more time to experience the love from their parents and play happily with them. However, they were sent to kindergarten prematurely and deprived of childlike interest and innocence by utilitarian education.
2. The mode of preschool education is relatively simple.
Childhood is the most carefree and innocent stage in the growth stage of life, and it is also the most innocent and childlike stage. Children are full of curiosity and exploration about the world, and their minds are full of fantasies and unrealistic ideas. However, in the single mode of most early childhood education, children spend more time in the face of classroom and teachers' constant indoctrination, as well as forced memory, repeated practice, understanding and consolidation of knowledge.
This kind of classroom learning life is boring, and children lose too much sense of autonomy and are in a controlled position. Compared with children, this over-institutionalized educational model undoubtedly obliterates their nature and curiosity, making many children become well-behaved children, losing their original innocence and liveliness and becoming mature and sensible prematurely. This educational model is nothing more than imposing the standards of adults on young children. What is appropriate?
Second, how to optimize China's early childhood education model
How to optimize and change the single educational model of preschool education in China? In fact, in many foreign countries, there are relatively mature paths and specific implementation plans for the optimization and research of early childhood education and education model, especially in some countries such as Britain, the United States and Canada. Next, we will analyze, study and compare different modes of early childhood education at home and abroad, and understand some more scientific and advanced modes of early childhood education abroad. Combined with many problems faced by China's early childhood education and model, this paper puts forward some superficial views on how to optimize China's early childhood education model for reference only:
1. In view of the single preschool education model in China, we can learn from foreign countries such as Montessori teaching method.
In Montessori teaching, first of all, they create a warm and beautiful home-like feeling for children, which is completely child-centered. In kindergarten, children can be as free as at home, and they can choose the time, place and materials of their own activities. They are the real little masters of the family. In addition, in Montessori education law, mixed-age classes are generally set up, that is, three children with an age span of three years live in one class, so that older children can be used to drive children to study and live, and older children can also be encouraged to take the initiative to help their younger siblings and act as leaders, setting a good example for other siblings in life and study. At the same time, younger children can take the initiative to learn from their younger siblings.
In addition, in Montessori's teaching, the unique design of teaching AIDS makes it contain various operating rules. Only when children follow the operating rules correctly can teaching AIDS play their specific educational functions. If the child violates the operation rules or does not meet the requirements during the operation, there will be mistakes, and this mistake will have to be solved by the child himself, which will promote the child's adaptability to the environment.
Secondly, the Montessori education model also puts forward higher requirements for children to adapt to the external environment. In the process of life and study, children must always keep the environment clean and tidy. Everything should be placed in a fixed position, and must be carefully kept and used during activities. It should not be damaged and should be put back after use. In this way, long-term subtle education will cultivate children to develop good habits of life and study from an early age, which is of far-reaching significance to the formation of children's habits. Here, Montessori teaching method can cultivate children's ability and habit of concentrating on things. At the same time, under the conscious guidance and training of teachers, children can understand and strictly abide by these rules in the process of operating teaching AIDS, and enhance their awareness of rules.
2. Cultivate children's interest, and let children enter deeper research and exploration with interest as the guide.
Every child has his own special personality, personality, interests, habits and so on. Therefore, for children's education, teachers should not adopt a unified and "one-size-fits-all" education method, discover and cultivate children's interests, and constantly guide children to learn from their interests and conduct deeper exploration and research on everything and the world.
3. Adopt the quantitative holographic music environment education mode to keep children away from the ignorant and chaotic state in the music environment and achieve the best harmony between body and mind.
The quantitative holographic music environment education model was put forward by Dr. Sang Haibo, director of the art kindergarten affiliated to China Conservatory of Music. This educational model requires the implementation of holographic music education environment in kindergartens. At the same time, teachers use professional and systematic music to teach children in accordance with their aptitude, to achieve the dynamic effect between the music environment and children, to cultivate the overall coordination of children's listening, watching, touching, smelling and smelling, and to guide children out of the ignorant and chaotic state and face the complexity.
4. Adopt the gamification early childhood education mode.
Let children release the nature of pursuing beauty in the game, achieve physical and mental health and learn knowledge. This educational mode of gamification in early childhood education is to combine the goals and contents of early childhood education with games organically and skillfully. Children's curiosity and persistence in games are better than other knowledge, which is not only the child's nature, but also the attraction of the game itself.
Therefore, based on this situation, simply put the process of children's understanding and exploring the world in a relaxed game, so that children can find, ask, think and solve problems freely, actively, happily and actively in the game. Compared with the traditional compulsory education model, this education model is more suitable for children, more easily accepted by children, and the effect is better than the traditional education model.
The new model of preschool education Chapter II Kindergarten education model includes: Montessori teaching model, three-dimensional preschool education model, learning area teaching model, schema teaching model and other preschool education models. These educational models have their own advantages. Except for other preschool education models, other education models are common teaching models at present. Parents or teachers should first understand the characteristics of children, and then choose the corresponding early childhood education model according to the characteristics of children, so as to achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Montessori teaching model is a teaching model advocated by Italian female medical doctors. Focus on cultivating children's sense of order, concentration, hand-eye coordination and independence; Make use of children's own growth requirements to achieve the purpose of education without damaging children's freedom and happiness. Its model has a set of learning tools and has unlimited educational value. Using the sensitivity of children's feelings, through these teaching AIDS, children can explore easily and happily in operation, and absorb many abstract concepts in exploration. Respect the characteristics of children's repeated practice. All children with learning tools can operate repeatedly to meet their physical and psychological needs.
The three-dimensional preschool education model is a brand-new preschool education model created by Professor Xu Xizhou, a famous education expert in China, with a brand-new educational concept and modern technology in his rich theoretical research and practical experience. Its educational model enables children to develop good behavior habits, establish orderly logical thinking and teach learning methods that conform to the law of growth through behavior regulation classes; Paying attention to cultivating children's three-dimensional thinking ability and independent thinking ability can make children have more learning ability than ordinary children in a relaxed and happy environment, and improve their personality and conduct.
Learning area teaching generally divides the classroom into different learning areas, such as Chinese area, puzzle area, science area, building block art area, dressing area, sand water area and so on. Encourage children to learn from games and let them learn various concepts in the process of playing.
The teacher's job is to discover their interests through dialogue with children, and further guide children to do research, explore and collect relevant information. Schema teaching emphasizes children's autonomous learning, attaches importance to children's intrinsic learning motivation, and carries out activities based on children's concepts. This is an interactive process of teaching and learning. Teachers and children are learning from each other.
The third new model of early childhood education: the disadvantages of traditional early childhood education
(A) the teaching content does not meet the characteristics of children.
Looking back at the problems existing in the traditional model, it is not difficult to find that the teaching content does not match the characteristics of children, which seriously hinders the healthy growth of children. Because teachers don't have a correct concept of talent cultivation and parents expect too much from their children, there is often such a situation in traditional kindergartens-teachers don't communicate with children in a language suitable for them, and even organize children to learn primary school knowledge in advance. This seriously disrupts the growth law of children, making them have to bear the pressure of learning that is not their own, and even making them lose their enthusiasm for life, which not only hinders the healthy growth of children's body and mind to a great extent, but also limits the long-term development of early childhood education [1].
Lack of connection between family and kindergarten.
In addition, another serious problem exposed by the traditional early childhood education model is the "separation" between family and kindergarten. Parents blindly entrust the task of cultivating children to kindergartens, and do not pay attention to the creation of family learning environment and the guidance of setting an example, which limits the role of kindergarten personnel training to a certain extent and makes it difficult to achieve the goal of children's all-round development.
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Second, the path of building a new model of early childhood education in the new period.
(A) virtue to learn first, moral education first.
As we all know, the Chinese nation is rich in culture and has a long history, and it pays great attention to "morality". This means that "moral cultivation" should be put in the first place in any educational work at any time. Therefore, to innovate the new model of preschool education, we should put "moral education" before "cultural education" from the perspective of "cultivating children's good virtue", so that children can learn how to behave and do things in life first, and then guide them to learn simple life skills and cultural knowledge [2]. In this regard, kindergartens should systematically integrate the concept of "educating people with moral education" into daily teaching activities and design practical courses with moral education elements, so that children can deepen their feelings and improve their quality in practice.
For example, we can construct an activity like "I love my family", so that they can go home and observe the family's way of getting along and share their daily life and psychological feelings in class. Through careful observation and sharing, they can fully understand the hardships of their parents and the selflessness of their family's love, and then establish excellent moral quality. At the same time, it is self-evident that they can form a good habit of observing life invisibly.
(B) family cooperation, joint training
In the new era, to build a new model of early childhood education, another extremely important thing is to strengthen the relationship between families and kindergartens, let parents personally participate in the cultivation of children, and let children learn and grow together. In this regard, on the one hand, kindergartens and teachers can make use of the advantages of information technology to establish long-distance contact with parents through the Internet, and tell them the correct methods of child cultivation, so that they can better cultivate their children in the family. On the other hand, suitable parent-child activities can be designed, and parents can be invited to the kindergarten regularly to complete activities and tasks with their children. In this way, through personal participation, they can not only learn more correct parenting methods, but also learn more about their children. Both sides of the family can give full play to their respective roles in promoting children's growth, and children's growth will not only be more relaxed and happy, but also more healthy and long-lasting.
(3) Help the construction and form a joint force.
Finally, it should be noted that the educational function of a single family or a single kindergarten is limited, and the educational information available is also limited, which can not provide more valuable help for the healthy growth of children. Therefore, in the new era, cooperation should be formed not only between kindergartens and families, but also between families and kindergartens. Kindergartens, in particular, should get in touch with other excellent kindergartens and learn from them advanced talent training concepts and management experience in order to improve their own education level. In this way, with the efforts of the whole society, building a new model of early childhood education will make children's growth environment healthier and their development naturally more ideal.
Conclusion: In short, with the continuous development of social economy and culture, a new period has arrived, and it is urgent to build a new educational model. Children are the hope of society and the future of the country. Teachers, parents, kindergartens and society should attach importance to the cultivation of young children, participate in the work of building a new model of early childhood education with a scientific attitude, jointly improve the talent training system for young children, and provide appropriate help for the healthy growth of young children with scientific, advanced and innovative talent training concepts, so that every child can lay a solid foundation from childhood and finally achieve long-term development.
The new model of early childhood education chapter 4 1. Optimize the three-dimensional education environment of family, school and society.
Language education for children in schools is important, but family and society can't ignore it, especially good family education has an unforgettable influence on children's language progress.
In the research and experiment process of "speaking, reading, writing and reading", we should first strengthen the dialogue between teachers and children, fully mobilize children's family strength, tell their own stories and exchange beautiful memories through the dialogue between teachers, parents and children, so as to cultivate children's good dialogue habits, master basic dialogue skills, learn to listen and improve children's oral expression ability. At the same time, conversation is the engine of children's intellectual development. It is through conversation that children gradually learn to keep up with the development of stories and learn to tell stories.
Learned to understand logical order, identify causes, expected consequences, explore the final choice and thinking motivation; It is through talking about life that children gradually understand all kinds of knowledge about cow life and nature; It is through conversation that children begin to understand that their observation, intuition and observation are interesting and worth developing; It is also through conversation that children begin to learn compassion, generosity, understanding and put themselves in others' shoes.
Second, strengthen reading to children at home and in the garden.
A large number of studies show that family is the most important factor affecting children's literacy, and parents' reading of children has the greatest relationship with children's final learning to read. Therefore, kindergarten teachers should not only make use of various opportunities to read for their children, but also encourage parents to read for their children at happy, peaceful and loving moments. On the basis of maintaining a wide and balanced reading content, they should travel with their children in the colorful book world, stimulate their reading enthusiasm and help them make reading an important part of their lives.
Third, flexible use of children's songs, painting, music into one teaching method and modern teaching technology to improve children's comprehensive quality.
According to the analysis of long-term preschool education, the traditional teaching of children's songs follows the old-fashioned reading method. The teacher taught a word and the children followed suit. After repeated reading, they learned by rote. In this way, although children recite nursery rhymes, this passive teaching method will soon make children lose interest, and most children's ability to repeat stories and communicate with each other in language has not been greatly improved.
Preschool teachers are not simple teachers, but targeted observers and guides, and guide children to create more conditions and opportunities for independent thinking and full expression through flexible educational means. Similarly, in the teaching of the experimental textbook Speaking, Reading and Writing, teachers should pay attention to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, adjust the way and process of activities according to the actual situation, and adopt flexible methods. Some can listen and read before telling and adapting activities, or listen and read after telling as needed.
Organize children to participate in various wonderful reading, reading and storytelling competitions in kindergartens and social organizations. Through participation, children can experience the joy of success, strengthen their beliefs and further promote the in-depth development of children's language.
Second, enrich children's vision, touch and hearing, and create a good language education environment.
Children's language learning develops through direct perception and understanding of things around them, which is closely linked with people around them, nature and society. Therefore, in order to obtain the best learning effect, schools must create rich and active activities for children, arouse their enthusiasm in the learning process, identify food with various senses as much as possible, develop their comprehensive ability in an all-round way and cultivate their interest in language learning. At the same time, it also achieved a good purpose of moral education.
Third, attach importance to teachers' role of example, evaluation and encouragement in language education.
Children's language learning is mainly through imitation. It can be seen that the position of teachers in children's language education is beyond doubt, and the standardization of teachers' own language and the application of skills directly affect children's language development. Therefore, we should pay attention to the standardization of teachers' prediction and the demonstration role of expression skills.
In language teaching, demonstration is an important teaching link. For example, when the teacher demonstrates reading aloud and introduces a certain pronunciation, the child will imitate the teacher's mouth shape and reading expression. Therefore, teachers must demonstrate pronunciation accurately and clearly, and combine explanations to make children understand. Obviously, the exemplary role of teachers in language teaching is self-evident. If the teacher's own language is not standardized, it will bring bad consequences. It is conceivable that we should attach importance to the role of teachers as role models and strengthen the training and cultivation of preschool teachers' own language expression norms.
In addition, teachers' evaluation and encouragement have played an unexpected role in children's language development. We know that everything has its particularity, and it also has its particularity in children's language education. Children are curious about novelty and have a strong desire to speak. However, due to the different family environment and education level of each child, children's abilities and understanding of things are also different.
Therefore, kindergarten teachers should face all children in their work, teach students in accordance with their aptitude, and put forward higher requirements for children with strong language expression ability; For children with poor language skills, teachers should actively encourage them and not dampen their enthusiasm; For children with language defects, teachers should pay more patience and love, heal their traumatized hearts with warmth, create opportunities and conditions for children at different stages of development, and let children get maximum development and progress in an atmosphere of freedom, respect, tolerance and equality.
Every child with sound intelligence may become a writer, artist and scientist in the future, but it needs our guidance. The research experiment proves that building a language environment that can optimize the combination of family, school and society, fully mobilize children's multi-dimensional perception, flexibly use a variety of advanced teaching methods and means, and actively use teachers' multi-dimensional functions is one of the better methods for language education for children.