Earthquakes usually occur in the earth's crust. The interior of the earth's crust is constantly changing, and the resulting force (internal force) makes the earth's crust deformed, fractured and dislocated, so an earthquake happened. Earthquakes are strong and weak, and the "scale" used to measure the intensity of the earthquake itself is called magnitude. Magnitude can be calculated by the records of seismic instruments, and its unit is "magnitude". Its magnitude is related to the energy released by the earthquake. The greater the earthquake energy, the greater the magnitude. The magnitude standard was first put forward by American seismologist Kurt, so it is also called "Richter scale". Every two orders of magnitude difference, the energy difference is 1000 times. The energy released by the 8.5-magnitude earthquake through seismic waves is approximately equivalent to the sum of the power generation of Ertan Power Station in the past six years. This shows that the energy released by the earthquake is very amazing.
The earthquake is coming, what should we do?
If you are in the bedroom.
Never get under the machine: after the earthquake, the collapse of the house sometimes forms a triangular space indoors, which is a relatively safe place for people to live. It can be called earthquake-proof space, including small rooms under the edge of the bed, under solid furniture, at the root of the interior wall and in the corner. People used to think it was safest to get under the bed, but hiding under the bed was not the best hiding place.
Avoid hanging objects overhead: Choose a place where there is no hanging object and no power plug nearby, so as to prevent hanging objects from falling and the power cord from catching fire and causing secondary disasters.
Never enter the wardrobe: during the Tangshan earthquake, someone got into the closet and hid. When the rescue team found it a few days later, the person was in good condition, but in the end he choked to death.
Open the door: the hiding place is near the door. It is best to open the door. You can lean against the door frame and hold your head. As soon as the earthquake is over, you should be ready to act at any time and prepare a way to escape.
If you are in the living room.
Imagine the living room as a transfer area: after the emergence of a spacious and bright new living room, its functions are also changing and it has become an area for daily reception and leisure. The living room is a place extending in all directions and there is no deposit. In an earthquake, the living room should be regarded as a safe transfer area. The escape device should be placed in a conspicuous place in the living room: The traditional habit of China people is to lock the escape device deep in the cabinet, but once it is used, it doesn't work. Escape equipment should be placed in a conspicuous place in the living room so that everyone in each room can pick it up and run.
If you are in the bathroom.
It's safest here: if you happen to be in the bathroom when the earthquake happens, congratulations, your chances of survival are much greater. During an earthquake, the smaller the room, the safer it is, and the larger the room, the easier it is to collapse. The walls of the bathroom are mostly load-bearing walls, and there are fewer falling objects on the roof, which is relatively safe. The water source is very important: guarding the water source is a big advantage of the bathroom. In the Tangshan earthquake, some people depended on water for a long time. People should not get together: everyone knows that the bathroom is the safest, but when the earthquake happens, the whole family should not hide in the bathroom together. Scattered hiding can increase the chances of survival. Because I am not sure where is the safest place in the earthquake, but it is relatively safe. The scattered hiding of people means that there are always people outside just in case, and rescue can be launched immediately after the earthquake.
If you are in a tall building.
Windows far away from high-rise buildings: during the earthquake, the walls of high-rise buildings facing the road are very unstable, so the windows of high-rise buildings should be far away. Nowadays, buildings are generally frame structures, and bricks play the role of shelter from the wind and rain, but they do not bear the load. In an earthquake, the frame is often there and the wall is gone. If people hide under the window, they are easily thrown out. Never take the elevator: never use the elevator when an earthquake occurs. Once the power is cut off, if you can't get up or down, you will get stuck in it and can't get out. In case there is an earthquake when you take the elevator, you can press all the buttons on each floor of the operation panel. Once stopped, leave the elevator quickly and take refuge after confirming safety. Where to run depends: do you have to run down after the earthquake? The answer is not necessarily. Especially for residents living on high floors, the principle of where to run should be near-near the ground, near the roof and near the roof. In short, "seeing the sky and seeing the earth" can be in contact with the outside world, which is relatively safe.
Confirm the escape route or fire escape route: when you escape, you must take the escape route. The tall building itself is cupping. At present, when designing high-rise buildings, some of them have designed special fire exits, which are used to dredge the fire, so we must distinguish them clearly.
If you are in a low building.
Brick-concrete structures are more prone to collapse: under the same conditions, brick masonry, the main load-bearing material of brick-concrete structures, is fragile and has poor seismic performance, which is slightly better than that of frame structures. After the earthquake, people living in old brick-concrete buildings should take the initiative to find opportunities and evacuate quickly.
Don't jump off a building on the lower floor: If you live on the first or second floor, don't choose to jump off a building to escape. Jumping off a building will not only cause fractures, but also be injured by heavy objects falling from a height.
If you are in a bungalow.
Indoor falling objects are the most dangerous: residents who live in bungalows should immediately hide under the edge of the kang, under the wall, under the table and under the bed if they are indoors during the earthquake. Try to protect your head with things around you, such as quilts and pillows. Due to the small space in the bungalow, there are many things in the house and the height is over, which is easy to cause falling injuries during the earthquake.
Escape from the power line: If you are at the door or window and there are no other dangerous buildings outside the window, you can immediately escape to the open space in the middle of the yard. The wires in the bungalow area are scattered, and the fire rate is particularly high during the earthquake, so special precautions should be taken.
The most undesirable behavior: never hide under the beam or by the window. Don't run away and come back for your belongings.
If you are at school.
The desk is a lifeline: if there is an earthquake in the school, you should hold your head quickly and hide under the desk under the teacher's command. Orderly evacuation away from the corner of the building: after the earthquake, you should follow the usual escape training and move out of the classroom in an orderly manner under the arrangement of the teacher. In the process of evacuation, the stair corner is the most prone to stampede, which needs to be passed in an orderly manner. The playground is the safest: when in the playground or outdoors, you can squat down in place, cover your head with your hands, and pay attention to avoid tall buildings or dangerous things.
If you're in the car,
Never hide in the car: the car looks solid, but it's just a thin layer and it's fragile. During the earthquake, if you are driving, the car will be like a flat tire, unable to grasp the steering wheel and difficult to drive. At this time, you should avoid the intersection and park your car on the side of the road, and then get off and squat down beside the car immediately.
Hold on to the handrail and lower your center of gravity: If you are sitting on a moving electric car during the earthquake, you have to take local materials, hold on to the handrail, lower your center of gravity and hide near the seat.
If you are in a public place.
Don't rush to the exit in a hurry: whether you can escape depends on whether there is a good institutional guarantee. After the earthquake, public places were in complete darkness, and there were frightened howls everywhere. Don't rush to the exit in a panic, avoid the crowd and avoid being squeezed into the wall or fence.
Hide near a big pillar: instead of running around, it is better to squat or lie under a row of chairs, avoid hanging objects such as chandeliers and electric fans, and protect your head. In shopping malls, bookstores, exhibition halls, subways, etc. , should choose a solid counter or column, squatting in the inner corner.
Stay away from these places: away from glass windows, doors and windows or glass counters. Avoid tall and unstable shelves or shelves with heavy objects and fragile items. Avoid hanging objects such as billboards and chandeliers.
If you are outdoors.
Choose a nearby open space: immediately squat or get down to avoid falling; Don't run around and avoid crowded places.
Avoid tall buildings: avoid buildings, especially those with glass curtain walls; Don't stay above and below overpasses and overpasses.
Avoid dangerous objects, towering objects or hanging objects: pay attention to avoid billboards, street lamps and material stacking places; Avoid transformers, telephone poles, street lamps, etc. You should also pay attention to the vending machine tipping over and hurting people.
Avoid other dangerous places: avoid narrow streets, dangerous old houses, fences, parapets, high doors, under awnings, etc. And pay attention to avoid high-voltage lines and sewers.
Protect your head: In busy streets and buildings, the most dangerous thing is that things like glass windows and billboards fall and hurt people. Pay attention to protect your head with your hands or handbags.
If you are in the wild
Avoid foothills, steep cliffs and steep slopes: If you are in the wild during the earthquake, you are really lucky. But don't be too happy. There are still dangers in the wild. Avoid foothills, steep cliffs and steep slopes to prevent landslides, mudslides and landslides. When encountering landslides and landslides, you should run perpendicular to the rolling stones, and never run down the mountain in the direction of the rolling stones. Quickly find open areas that will not be affected by collapses and landslides to avoid disasters. You can also hide under solid obstacles, especially to protect your head.
If you are at the seaside.
The higher the better, the farther the better: on the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you feel an earthquake or hear a tsunami warning, you should stay away from the coastline as soon as possible to avoid the tsunami attack that may be triggered by the earthquake and run as high as possible. If you are on the boat when the tsunami happens, go to the deep sea with the boat, because the tsunami is getting closer and more dangerous. In a word, either go up high or go far away, and never wait for death there.