Second, Xunzi's educational thought The following is a discussion of several aspects of Xunzi's educational thought. 1. Educational Purpose As the successor of Confucius and Mencius, Xunzi has the same educational purpose as the sages, that is, to train "scholars", "gentlemen" and "saints" through education and provide the needed talents for the feudal ruling class. He said: "The owners are therefore upright, and the teachers are therefore upright. Why is rudeness right? Without a teacher, I am polite, right? " It can be seen that Xunzi's educational purpose is to teach people to be based on etiquette, or that he regards etiquette as the purpose of establishing education. "It begins with a scholar and ends with a saint." The ultimate goal of Xunzi's education is to cultivate people into "scholars", "gentlemen" and "saints". Although this kind of education aimed at cultivating talents needed by the ruling class has historical and class limitations, objectively speaking, it has indeed played a positive role in promoting educational development and social progress. 2. The role of education Xunzi has always advocated the theory of "evil nature": "Today's human nature is born with good benefits, so it is suitable, so it is a struggle for life; Born with disease and evil, follow it, so thieves are born with loyalty to death; I was born with a desire for my eyes and ears, and I had a good sense of sound and sound. I followed it, so I was born with fornication and died with courtesy and arts. " Therefore, his educational function is based on the premise of transforming "evil" in nature into "good" the day after tomorrow. The educational function advocated by Xunzi mainly includes two aspects: on the one hand, people's subjective initiative, on the other hand, the role of environment, in which subjective function, that is, internal factors, is the main factor. This is basically in line with modern philosophical views and dialectical thinking. For the former, Xunzi thinks that this kind of subjective effort is the process and result of continuous accumulation. "Accumulated soil makes a mountain, dripping water makes a sea, and accumulated goodness makes a virtue"-"Accumulated" is an important thought of Xunzi on the role of education, flashing with materialistic factors. Regarding the latter, Xunzi believes that the role of the environment is a process and result of gradual influence and evolution. White sand is nirvana, and it is black. Its quality is not beautiful, but it is also gradual. "Therefore," a gentleman must choose his hometown when he is born, and he must be an official when he travels, so he can prevent evil from approaching power. "3. Educational content Xunzi's educational content is still based on traditional Confucian textbooks: poetry, calligraphy, ceremony, music, spring and autumn. "Courtesy, joy and harmony, abundant poetry and books, faint in the Spring and Autumn Period. Although Xunzi took the Five Classics as the educational content, he focused on "ceremony", which was the core of Xunzi's whole educational theory. Xunzi believes that ceremony is the mood of all things and the norm of all behaviors. It is used to correct a person's thoughts and behaviors and can promote the formation of moral concepts and good behaviors through learning. This is consistent with Xunzi's educational aim of cultivating "scholars", "gentlemen" and "saints". 4. Educational methods Xunzi believes that a person's moral cultivation can be improved through accumulation, and learning is a process from quantitative change to qualitative change. He advocates applying what he has learned and attaches great importance to the role of practice, emphasizing that the purpose of cognition lies in practice. Therefore, in the teaching of various subjects, teachers should practice, educate students to pay attention to practice, be consistent in knowing and doing, apply what they have learned, and make students correct their learning attitude. Xunzi believes that students' initiative and thinking ability should be cultivated in teaching, and advocates that teachers should learn from students. ...