Teaching design of building a railway to Lhasa 1 teaching objectives;
1, know the new word 14.
2. Read the text with emotion.
3. Understand the difficulties encountered in repairing the railway to Lhasa, feel the heroic spirit of bravely overcoming the difficulties, and understand profound sentences.
4. Feel the selflessness, optimism and scientific innovation spirit of the builders.
Key points and difficulties:
Understand the significance of building the Qinghai-Tibet railway, understand the difficulties encountered in building the railway to Lhasa, feel the heroic spirit of bravely overcoming difficulties, and understand profound sentences.
Teaching process:
First, the topic into a new lesson:
Teacher: I saw thousands of miles of prairie and visited the mysterious Silk Road. The western part of the motherland is really beautiful. Now, let's continue to learn lesson four: building a railway to Lhasa. Look, there is a place in this topic, which is Lhasa. According to the text preview, who will introduce Lhasa?
Lhasa: Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, is 3658 meters above sea level. It is an important town in the southwest border of the motherland, has always been the political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub of Tibet, and is also a holy place of Tibetan Buddhism. Lhasa is famous for its beautiful scenery, long history, splendid culture, unique customs, numerous places of interest and strong religious color.
In people's minds, "it is easy to go abroad, but difficult to enter Tibet." Lhasa is remote and the traffic is blocked, which brings many difficulties to the circulation of materials and cultural exchanges. It is the only city in China without a train. In order to benefit the people and promote the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups. Next, let's study this text in depth.
Second, consciously new words, overall perception:
1, guide students to consciously create new words and mark them if they don't understand.
2. Read the text silently and think: (1) What kind of railway is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway? Students read and sketch silently.
Show me: A long "Iron Dragon" starts from Golmud, an industrial new city deep in the Qaidam Basin, crosses the towering Kunlun Mountain, will pass through here, cross the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", and reach Lhasa, a snowy holy city. This is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the landmark project of the western development, and this is the Qinghai-Tibet Railway that benefits the broad masses of the people.
What is being built is a plateau frozen soil railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world.
3. Student exchange presupposition: Sheng 1: This railway crosses the roof of the world, which is the highest altitude and the longest route in the world.
Health 2: I think it is very long and difficult to repair the railway.
Teacher: What you said is very reasonable. Who will read it now? Read this feeling in your heart. Students read the text.
Teacher: So what great difficulties did the road builders encounter in the process of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway? How to overcome it? Draw it with a horizontal line. Draw with wavy lines. Please read the natural paragraph of text 4-9 silently, write your own experience next to the sentence, and then communicate with your deskmate. (Students teach themselves, teachers patrol and guide)
Third, word analysis sentences, learning expression: classroom communication:
Teacher: Please read the natural paragraphs of Text 4-9 silently and draw the great difficulties encountered by road builders with horizontal lines. How to overcome it? Draw with wavy lines. Write your experience next to the sentence and then communicate with your deskmate. (Students teach themselves, teachers patrol and guide)
(A study of "difficult 1" frozen soil (blackboard writing)
1, contact the context and understand which sentences in the text explain what "frozen soil" and "altitude" are. Contact information: Talk about the obstacles brought by frozen soil on the plateau to the construction.
Default: Sheng 1: The Fenghuoshan tunnel will pass through the permafrost region, with various complex frozen soil layers standing in front, which is extremely difficult to construct. Blasting again and again, what is blown out is not stone, but hard ice slag. No wonder some western media predicted that it is impossible for China people to dig tunnels under such bad geological conditions! I realized from this sentence that it is extremely difficult to dig a tunnel in the frozen soil area. In the view of relatively developed western countries, it is impossible and impossible. Set off the brave and hard-working spirit of western builders when they encounter difficulties.
Health 2: "Because the temperature is too low, concrete can't set. They brought a heater to heat the tunnel, and the ice rock on the tunnel wall melted when heated, causing the tunnel wall to collapse and slide. Wind volcano, this 10,000-year-old iceberg shows a ferocious face, giving the road-building army a duel! " I realized that it was difficult to control the temperature when the project started. When the temperature is too low, the concrete can't solidify, and the heated tunnel wall is heated and melted, which leads to the collapse and sliding of the tunnel wall. These difficulties are world-class problems. The author also uses anthropomorphic methods to explain the great difficulties brought by frozen soil to road builders.
2. Teacher: Did our army of road builders flinch in the face of permafrost? How did they overcome this difficulty?
"Scientific and technical personnel conducted on-the-spot investigations day and night in the tunnel and found the changing law of ice rock temperature. After repeated observation, analysis and experiments, they finally found the best temperature for shotcrete and subdued the frozen soil. "
Preset: health 1: I understand from the words "day and night, repeatedly, finally" that the scientific and technological personnel have worked hard and finally overcome the difficulties;
Health 2: As can be seen from Brave for a while, this is only a temporary difficulty. The efforts of the road-building army to overcome the world-class frozen soil problem also show that the road-building army is optimistic.
3, emotional reading, stimulate emotions.
Teacher: So, in the face of difficulties, everyone doesn't know-"It's really not a simple matter to build a railway to Lhasa!"
(2) Study "Difficulty 2": Bad weather and extreme hypoxia attack this team in turn.
1, default: healthy 1: I come from a "windy volcano" area. The newly-built 150 square meter thermal insulation greenhouse was torn to pieces by the strong wind overnight. In the newly-built generator room, the iron tile on the roof is missing. It was a clear sky in Wan Li just now. In a blink of an eye, dark clouds were overwhelming, and large and small hailstones swept down. The words "just now, one night, unexpectedly, in a blink of an eye" in the book feel that the weather here is extremely bad and changes rapidly.
Health 2: I went up from the "wind volcano" at an altitude of 4905 meters. The oxygen content in the air here is less than half that of the plain. The deeper the tunnel is dug, the thinner the air in the tunnel is. Despite the preparation for lack of oxygen, the situation in the construction was unexpected. The oxygen provided by the oxygen cylinders on the workers' backs is only a drop in the bucket. All commandos have chest tightness, shortness of breath, headache and leg pain. The wind gun used by two people can only be answered by four people now. Labor efficiency drops rapidly. The life of the road-building army is facing a serious threat. "I realize that there is extreme hypoxia here, not only the labor efficiency is rapidly declining, but also the lives of road workers are not guaranteed.
2. Teacher: In the face of such bad weather and the great difficulty of extreme hypoxia with oxygen content less than half that of the plain, has our road-building army retreated? How did they overcome these difficulties?
Overcoming bad weather and lack of oxygen: (Demonstration courseware) Scientific and technical personnel forget to eat and sleep, experiment day and night, and tackle key problems. After more than 200 failures, the world's first large plateau oxygen station was built! Sufficient oxygen is continuously fed into the tunnel along the long pipeline. Wind volcano, a huge obstacle, lowered its proud head again and again.
Experience: In order to overcome the difficulties, scientific and technological personnel forget to eat and sleep, and experiment around the clock. They are not afraid of hardship and fatigue, and they have the spirit of selfless dedication. Grasp the anthropomorphic sentences.
Imagine "forgetting to eat and sleep" and "working day and night"
3. Perceptual reading.
The teacher summed up: bad weather and extreme lack of oxygen have seriously threatened the lives of the road-building army again and again, but our road-building army has not retreated. They always have a firm belief in their hearts, that is, to build a good railway to Lhasa! Do you think the army of road builders can overcome difficulties again and again? What do they rely on? What spirit do you see in them?
(3) study determination and confidence:
Presupposition: the wisdom and sweat of scientific and technical personnel, the courage and perseverance of workers, the spirit of hard work, positive optimism and selfless dedication.
Teacher: There is a sentence in the article, "Build the railway to Lhasa!" Appear many times in the text, find out and read. Feel its function.
Default: Sheng 1: This sentence is not only the title of the article, but also runs through the whole article and is the clue of the article.
Health 2: This sentence shows the determination and confidence of the road-building army. It is because of this ambition that they can overcome one difficulty after another.
Teacher's summary: It is the builder's spirit of challenging the limit and being the first, and the builder's spirit of bravely overcoming difficulties and tenacious struggle, which leads to repeated experiments, repeated research, repeated failures and repeated successes. In July this year 1, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will be put into trial operation and opened to traffic. If students have the opportunity to go to Lhasa by train, please don't forget the hard work of the builders who built this railway!
Blackboard design:
Build a railway to Lhasa
Problem solving spirit
Frozen soil has found the best temperature for shotcrete, which is very hard and hard.
Selfless dedication in bad weather
Extreme hypoxia is promising to build the world's first large plateau oxygen station.
Scientific innovation
Teaching Design of Building a Railway to Lhasa Part II Teaching Objectives
1. Know 14 "enchanting" and other new words. Read the text with emotion.
2. Understand the narrative order of the text and realize the clear expression characteristics. Understand meaningful sentences.
3. Challenge the limit, create the first-class spirit of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and feel the heroic spirit of the builders who have overcome difficulties and worked hard.
Continue to raise awareness of the development of the western region.
Teaching focus
1. Understand the difficulties encountered in repairing the railway to Lhasa and feel the heroic spirit of bravely overcoming the difficulties.
2. Learn the clear expression of this lesson.
Teaching difficulties
Promote a better understanding of the west and cultivate feelings for the west.
Teaching preparation
1. Arrange students to find information about Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qinghai-Tibet Railway and Lhasa.
2. The teacher collects relevant pictures.
Arrange a class.
teaching process
First, create a situation to stimulate interest
I saw the plains of Senecio scandens and visited the mysterious Silk Road. The western part of the motherland is really beautiful and spectacular. Now, let's enjoy the beautiful Lhasa, a snowy holy city.
Show pictures or videos of Lhasa. The teacher introduced the general situation of Lhasa and the students' initial feelings. )
Before class, students collect relevant information. Now, according to the information you collected, do you also want to talk about Lhasa in your mind?
Students exchange information and get to know Lhasa.
Teacher: In people's minds, "it is easy to go abroad, but difficult to enter Tibet". Lhasa is remote and the traffic is blocked, which brings many difficulties to the circulation of materials and cultural exchanges. It is the only city in China without a train. In order to benefit the broad masses of the people and promote the common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups, the CPC Central Committee decided to build the 10 to 18 railway to Lhasa in 2006.
Teachers and students read the questions on the blackboard together.
This paper starts with the introduction of Lhasa, which stimulates students' interest in learning, and at the same time enables students to understand the general situation of Lhasa and know the purpose of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. ]
Second, combining reading skills, clear learning objectives.
Communication between teachers and students, clear learning content.
(1) Read the text silently and talk about what the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is like.
(2) What difficulties did the builders encounter in the process of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and how did they overcome them?
(3) Tell the students the collected information about western development.
Third, read the text for the first time and make clear the author's writing context.
1. Students learn the text by themselves, pay attention to correct pronunciation, read sentences and make comments.
2. Check the situation of students learning new words by themselves.
3. Building the railway to Lhasa became the main line of the article, which appeared four times.
Read the text again and draw profound sentences.
Teacher: Building a railway to Lhasa is really not a simple matter! So in the process of construction, what difficulties did the builders encounter and how did they overcome them? Read the text by yourself, draw relevant sentences, experience profound sentences and communicate with the students in the group.
Fifth, explore together and experience the construction difficulties.
Show me that sentence: "It is really not a simple matter to build a railway to Lhasa".
(Students communicate, the teacher mainly grasps the following random instructions. )
1. "What is being built is the plateau frozen soil railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world."
(1) Contact the context and understand the key words: which sentences in the text explain what is "frozen soil" and "altitude".
(2) contact information about what obstacles the plateau permafrost has brought to the construction?
What have you learned from "day and night" and "repetition"? Speak with the reality of life.
(4) Guide the reading of paragraphs 5 and 6, and feel the snow and cold on the plateau, in the forbidden area of life and at the construction site.
With the help of some pictures, students can deeply feel the severity of the construction site and further understand "how difficult it is to repair the railway to Lhasa." ]
2. "Bad weather and extreme hypoxia attack this team in turn",
① Understanding words: Which words reflect the hardships of scientific and technological personnel?
② Imagine the working scene of "forgetting to eat and sleep" and "working day and night".
(3) Guide reading the eighth and ninth paragraphs, and feel the bad weather, and the construction site is special, dangerous and heavy.
Further let students realize that "building a railway to Lhasa is really not a simple matter!"
Sixth, read the article, praise the spirit of challenge, and leave homework.
1. Rereading the full text, we should build heroism on the brave and tenacious struggle of builders, play the strong voice of life and write a new chapter in the history of railway construction.
2. Express the feelings you want to express most at this time. Discuss with roommates to express admiration, love and praise for the builders.
The completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will bring great changes to Tibet, and we can't forget the builders who shed blood and tears on this frozen soil. If you want to erect a monument to the builders at the highest altitude where the railway passes, what will you write on it? (vivid pen words)
4. Students can read Zhan Tianyou by themselves and make a comparative reading. For example, under the obstruction and coercion of capitalist countries, Zhan Tianyou built the first railway in China; Today, the people of China are building a plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world. Zhan Tianyou led the workers to struggle hard and overcame many difficulties with innovative design and fighting spirit; With technology and dedication, western builders have overcome world-class problems. From the comparison, I feel that the economic and technological development of China is not as prosperous as before. Students can also be guided to compare the writing characteristics of the two articles.
5. Stimulate students' interest in further understanding the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the western development, encourage qualified students to browse the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Network and pay attention to the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
Practical design
1. Use "√" to select Braille pronunciation.
Enchanting (rāonáo) tunnel (Sushu) machinery (Jixiè) Qinghai-Tibet (﹙zàngzhàng﹚) ferocious (﹙nínglíng﹚) majestic (Wé iw).
2. Write idioms according to the meaning of sentences.
Save a car burning firewood with a glass of water. Metaphor doesn't help much. ()
I forgot to eat and sleep. Describe being very focused on your own efforts. ()
Write the meaning of the following sentences.
Wind volcano, a huge obstacle, lowered its proud head again and again.
______________________________________________________________________
4. Answer according to the text:
This sentence appears many times in the text of building a railway to Lhasa. What role does it play?
Teaching design of building a railway to Lhasa Part III: Teaching objectives
1. Read the text with emotion and learn the new words in this article.
2. Understand the meaning of key sentences in the text through group cooperation and inquiry.
3. Experience the significance of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and feel the spirit of selfless dedication, optimism and scientific innovation of the builders.
Second, the difficulties in teaching
Focus on understanding the meaning of key sentences in the text through group cooperation and inquiry.
It is difficult to understand the significance of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and it is also difficult to feel the spirit of selfless dedication, optimism and scientific innovation of the builders.
Third, teaching methods.
Read aloud, ask and answer, and discuss in groups.
Fourth, the teaching process
(A) the introduction of new courses
In the west of the motherland, there is a fascinating place where mountains are stacked, lakes are pure and bright, and snow-capped mountains are endless. People there believe in Buddhism ... Do you know where this is?
The students guessed right. This is a beautiful and mysterious Tibet. Tibet has magnificent natural scenery and unique cultural landscape, but because of its remoteness, traffic congestion and harsh natural conditions, people on the plateau can only adhere to self-sufficiency and backward and closed life for a long time. Theme of blackboard writing
(B) the first reading perception
1. Read the text for the first time and learn the words. Wrapped in white, it looks particularly enchanting and ferocious, forgetting to eat and sleep.
2. Read the text with emotion and think about what kind of railway this is.
It is clear that the Qinghai-Tibet Railway Project started in Golmud, Qinghai Province, started in Golmud, an industrial new city deep in the Qaidam Basin, crossed the towering Kunlun Mountain, passed through here, crossed the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", and reached Lhasa, the holy city in the snowy area. Wind-volcano tunnel is the most difficult section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
3. Some media predicted that the railway in Lhasa could not be repaired as long as the wind and volcano existed. But after we read the text, the students told me whether this prediction had come true.
Clear: This huge obstacle lowered its arrogant head again and again.
(3) in-depth study
1. Group cooperative inquiry: Read paragraphs 4-9 of the text by yourself, and sketch out profound sentences, describing the difficulties of the project and how the builders overcome them.
(1) What are the problems faced by builders? (Permafrost, extreme hypoxia, bad weather)
(2) Why does Feng Volcano lower its arrogant head again and again?
(1) Because the scientific and technical personnel found the best temperature of sprayed concrete, the frozen soil area was subdued.
Because the young commandos withstood the bad weather and continued their tenacious work.
(3) Due to the large-scale oxygen station built by scientific and technical personnel, the difficulty of extreme hypoxia has been overcome.
2. If you were asked to evaluate them, what kind of evaluation words would you use?
Clear: brave, strong, smart, not afraid of hardship and fatigue, selfless dedication, perseverance to create a hero.
Teacher's summary: Students, in order to build the railway to Lhasa, 65,438+10,000 road-building troops carried forward the spirit of "challenging the limit and creating first-class", and overcame the three major world railway construction problems of "frozen soil, cold and lack of oxygen and fragile ecology", creating miracles one after another in the snowy plateau. In 200 1 year, the successful completion of the Huo Feng Tunnel effectively countered the predictions of the western media and made the road builders in China proud of the world.
"Repair the railway to Lhasa!" This sentence is not only the title of the text, but also appears four times repeatedly in the text. What is the function?
Clarity: This short and powerful sentence, sonorous and powerful, hit the floor, is not only the oath of the road-building army, but also the clue of the author's writing. At that time, there were doubts at home and abroad about building a railway on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and letting the train drive to Lhasa. This unpretentious discourse is full of confidence and determination, and the exclamation mark appears four times in the text, which fully embodies the persistent spirit of builders to overcome all difficulties and not give up until they reach their goals. This sentence is repeated before construction, when encountering difficulties and overcoming difficulties. It is called before and after in this paper, and it forms a colorful line with the last sentence "Lhasa is far away".
(4) Consolidate and improve
The completion of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will bring great changes to Tibet, and we can't forget the builders who shed blood and tears on this frozen soil. If you want to erect a monument to the builders at the highest altitude where the railway passes, what will you write on it?
(5) Summarize the homework
Summary: Playing the music "Heaven" Qinghai-Tibet Railway is not only heaven, but also the road of science and technology, environmental protection, happiness and national unity.
Homework: Collect information about the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and share it with each other.
Reflection on the Teaching of verb (abbreviation of verb)
This article is a skimming article, and the spirit conveyed by the article is the key knowledge point that students need to understand in this class. Therefore, the key and difficult point of my design for this class is to understand the key words of the article, the significance of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and the spirit of selfless dedication, optimism and scientific innovation of the builders. Therefore, in this class, I fully mobilize the enthusiasm of students, in-depth study, to explore the way of independent cooperation to start teaching. Students can constantly experience their emotions in cooperative learning, and they can also find their place in the classroom in cooperative learning. Successfully realized the key and difficult points of this course.