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What is entrepreneurship?
What is entrepreneurship? The concept of "entrepreneur" was first put forward by the French economist Jean-batiste in 1800, that is, entrepreneurs make the efficiency of economic resources change from low to high; "Entrepreneurship" is a collection of special skills (including spirit and skills) of entrepreneurs. In other words, "entrepreneurship" refers to the performance of entrepreneurs' comprehensive ability to establish and manage enterprises. It is an important and special intangible factor of production. For example, Akio Morita and Masaru Ibuka, great entrepreneurs and founders of Sony, created the greatest "product" not a tape recorder or grating color kinescope, but Sony and everything it stands for; Walter. Disney's greatest creation is not Pinocchio, Snow White, or even Disneyland, but Walter Disney? Disney company and its extraordinary ability to make the audience happy; Sam. Walton's greatest creation is not "insisting on daily parity", but Wal-Mart, an organization that can turn retail necessities into action in the best way.

Do you want to do my business? Entrepreneur friends didn't sign it at last, but we all signed it. Three years have passed, and I haven't heard of any signing boss who can't do business because he doesn't eat shark fin. Yao Ming also made an advertisement for wildaid: "No business, no killing", which is now almost known to all women and children. I saw someone using it to ridicule on the Internet. It seems that Yao Ming's business is getting bigger and bigger, and it is not affected at all. An entrepreneur who thinks that his dietary preference (not eating shark fin or drinking alcohol) will make officials angry, first of all, he positions himself as a dwarf. What's more, the premise of this psychological assumption is that * * * officials are psychologically immature and spoiled children-they will get angry if they are slightly dissatisfied. There is an ongoing topic in China Entrepreneur Forum, which is the social status of entrepreneurs. I tell these two examples to illustrate that many times, the social status of entrepreneurs is related to their psychological expectations. If you want to gain social recognition and respect, you must first believe that you deserve social recognition and respect. The modernization of China began in the middle of19th century. This includes not only the objects and systems that people pay attention to every day. It also includes the society sandwiched between these two layers. Business and commercial civilization in the modern sense also began in this period. The first generation of "entrepreneurs" in China, such as Hu Xueyan and Lei Lvtai, are all excellent management masters. But in the face of the public, it is blurred. They define themselves as "Shanxi merchants" or "Huizhou merchants", so the society thinks they are just businessmen. /kloc-at the end of 0/9 and the beginning of the 20th century, a new generation of entrepreneurs, represented by Rong Desheng and Zhang Jian, showed completely different attitudes. They are not only entrepreneurs, but also consider themselves the mainstay of society from the beginning: besides investing in industry, they also build bridges and pave the way, set up parks, set up education, and participate in the formulation of urban planning, regional economic planning and even social security planning. They run around for the ideas of "saving the country through industry" and "saving the country through education". From 65438 to 0922, newspapers in Beijing and Shanghai jointly held a public opinion survey, and Zhang Jian was elected as the "most admired person". If Zhang Jian and Rong Desheng just aim at building a successful enterprise like their predecessors Hu Xueyan and Lei Lvtai, I can hardly imagine that they can get such recognition and respect from society. China people's "entrepreneurial spirit" is greatly restricted. Because the meaning of entrepreneurship in English is much broader than that of entrepreneur in Chinese. Just like the "enterprise" of the space shuttle Endeavour, if it is translated into Chinese, it will be different from the original intention of NASA. A society always has some traditions, norms and models, and it is entrepreneurship to recognize the problems of these models, reorganize the elements and successfully create value for the society. Human nature is conservative: when people are already familiar with a certain procedure or method, and this procedure and method has been proved to be effective by history; Encouraging people to adopt new and unproven ways will be psychologically resisted. Sometimes, it may not be difficult to take a new approach objectively, and people will find it hard to accept-whether it is to persuade people to follow an entrepreneurial adventure, a management change, or not to drink, eat shark's fin or pay bribes to change social culture. The reason why entrepreneurship is so important in modern society is mainly because the social division of labor is becoming more and more detailed and the professional knowledge is becoming more and more complete. Innovation in any field requires teamwork. What an inventor concocted in his attic hardly shocked the world. Modern scientific research has long passed an era when professors can complete inventions and discoveries with the help of two or three assistants. Any well-run laboratory needs large-scale cooperation and communication internally and faces various stakeholders externally. The future of scientific research is even more uncertain than the market future of new products and services. Discover the value of a certain research direction, persuade the whole team to move in this direction, adjust in time when encountering problems, and lobby sponsors such as * * * and enterprises to provide continuous support. The same is true of innovation in the social field. If a charity project wants to get public support and participation, whether it is public relations, management or lobbying, it needs entrepreneurship. In just 30 years, private enterprises in China have achieved 60% GDP and 80% employment from scratch with 40% social resources. Entrepreneurs are already the weight of social stability and development. In the first 30 years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the process of urbanization and modernization was interrupted. In the next 30 years, urbanization and modernization were greatly compressed. The last round of modernization was completed by two generations of entrepreneurs, and now it is almost compressed in one generation. The question is, are entrepreneurs in China ready to lead this society to some extent? The friend I mentioned at the beginning is a real entrepreneur. The enterprises he founded have been in the forefront of enterprises in China for decades, from products to technology to management. But he didn't show his entrepreneurial talent in refusing to eat shark fin. The most important ability of entrepreneurs is persuasion. Persuade people to believe in the beautiful blueprint you drew and to follow you voluntarily. Entrepreneurs should not only believe that they deserve respect, but also provide value to society in the form of entrepreneurs. Seventy or eighty years ago, our predecessors put forward the slogan of "saving the country through industry". They even persuaded people to believe this idea with practical actions and gained social respect. Now, it's our turn to think about how to realize our generation's responsibility to society. Entrepreneurship is scarce at present: China's reform is the subject that needs entrepreneurship most. This not only needs to discover the problems existing in the system, but also needs to gather enough consensus and even reconcile various contradictory interests within the system in order to push the reform to a deeper level. * * * "Crossing the river by feeling the stones" is the greatest entrepreneurial spirit. His "50 years unchanged" and "no argument" mean compromise, mobilization and persuasion. These are the areas that entrepreneurs are best at: foresight, planning, management, organization, coordination, persuasion, mobilization and compromise. As far as the national conditions are concerned, not contributing one's talents to the society, but spending some money to do "charity": it is not a real "corporate social responsibility". Therefore, entrepreneurs can't really learn from scholars and stars to exert influence on society. Go ahead. A group army commander doesn't have to compete with martial arts masters. The positive energy that entrepreneurs export to this society is probably the modern management system, organization and communication ability. More and more people in China are starting to join non-profit social organizations, promoting the cause that they think is valuable but unlikely to make money. In these undertakings, what entrepreneurs can do is to give full play to our experience in organization, mobilization and persuasion and save for "social capital". Entrepreneurs doing public welfare projects should be measured by the management standards of enterprises. Entrepreneurs should organize themselves with each other, and even more, they should go out of the small circle of the township party, from the acquaintance relationship maintained by the geographical affinity of the agricultural society to the organization linked by the common occupation, concept and mission-because the enterprise itself is a community that combines ideas and missions. The entrepreneur organization itself should be more clear, and this organization must not be just a platform for "engaging in relationships" and "selling resources". This is also one of my expectations for the China Entrepreneur Forum: a platform for people with the same ideas on the acquaintance network. For example, in addition to inviting experts in economics, can you invite friends from other academic circles and even political circles? Whether leading the laboratory or leading the reform, these elites working in other fields have shown real entrepreneurial spirit. In front of Rockefeller Center in new york, there is a statue of Atlas. This statue was completed on 1937. At that time, the west just put forward the concept of entrepreneurship. Holding up Atlas, the giant god in the sky, is the self-expectation of new york entrepreneurs-we are giants bearing the American economy and society. Since Ann Rand, American society has constructed a set of heroic narratives about entrepreneurs. The source of this idea comes from Schumpeter: the creative destruction of entrepreneurship is the source of innovation. Innovation is the fundamental driving force of economic development. It is precisely because of this heroic narrative and moral courage that American entrepreneurs have the courage to assume social responsibilities, actively participate in various public welfare undertakings and win social respect. Have such self-confidence and such self-expectation. Only entrepreneurs can form a greater influence on society: entrepreneurs not only provide employment and wealth for society, but also entrepreneurship is the driving force for social progress. This kind of moral courage means more effort and effort, and more importantly, it means developing entrepreneurship in many unfamiliar fields: to promote those changes that we think are valuable.

Bring happiness to others in the process of pursuing their own interests.

Self-interest is the goal, and happiness of others is the means.

To do business and do business, we must first have social values, which is essentially the big logic of business. When you are worthless to society, society will definitely abandon you. Therefore, what you do must have the same direction as the society, and keep up with the changing trend of people's livelihood and the whole society. As long as we keep pace with the society, we will gain commercial benefits, which will also lay a good foundation for future sustainable development.

Wang Shi: What is entrepreneurship?