Maria montessori (1870— 1952) is a world-renowned Italian educator. She emphasized the necessity of early education and innovated children's education and curriculum. Her educational thoughts and methods can be regarded as a milestone in contemporary preschool education. Montessori's educational philosophy can be summarized as: 1. Make people become people. Montessori education is to make people become people. The first person is a newly born biological person; The second person is a human being, and being a man is educated, educated and individual. This is the meaning of Montessori education, that is, the formation of personality can make a real person. 2. Spontaneous smart people have a desire to learn, which is driven by innate intelligence, that is, children have an impulse to pursue knowledge and development. That is the motive force that happens internally, which is manifested through personality choice and action. If children are keen on doing something, most of them will unconsciously carry out the work of "analyzing, comparing, combining and collecting". This inner impulse, if it is not started by education, will delay and stifle the huge energy that exists in the child itself. 3. People's Creativity Human beings are born in an immature state, and later they should strive to create their own jobs. Therefore, human beings are not only creative, but also constantly exert their creativity. In fact, this can be said to be a kind of nature of human beings. For human beings, creation is innate. Montessori believes that the constant harmony of hand activities and language can eventually cultivate children's own personality, and personality can exert various creative abilities in the process of growth. 4. Help children develop themselves. Adult education for children is to help children develop themselves, not to help them. In traditional education, adults are constantly teaching children how to do it, and children obey. Then, Montessori education is to let children develop their life potential through their own practical activities and develop all aspects of themselves, including the cultivation of personality. This is the true meaning of education. 5. A prepared environment Montessori believes that the environment is alive and it is prepared by adults' clear understanding of children's mission. This environment contains all the positive meanings that children need to grow up, and at the same time, it is necessary to exclude all things that are not conducive to children's growth. 6. Give children freedom. Give them freedom, encourage them to express themselves spontaneously and then observe them. The so-called freedom for children here does not mean indulgence. To put it simply, the meaning of freedom is activity, allowing children to freely choose objects and pay attention to the degree of work. Adults should observe those activities and identify which behaviors of children should be prohibited, such as willfulness, irrationality, violence, disturbing order and obstructing group activities, which should be strictly prohibited and gradually eradicated. The characteristics of Montessori education Montessori education method is an excellent educational model to carry out quality education for children and develop their potential. Its main features are: 1, taking children as the center, opposing the adult teaching concept and treating children as independent individuals different from adults. 2. "Education without teaching" Montessori opposes teacher-centered cramming teaching and advocates starting with daily life training, with a good learning environment and rich education, allowing children to learn spontaneously and actively and construct their perfect personality. 3. Grasp the sensitive period of children. Children aged 0- 6 will have a certain preference tendency in a certain period. If you learn this feature along the sensitive period, you can get the greatest learning effect. The teacher plays the role of tutor. Generally speaking, Montessori is called a mentor. He must have a deep understanding of the child's spiritual world and know the child's development like the back of his hand. So as to provide timely and appropriate help and guidance for children. 5, the cultivation of complete personality The ultimate goal of Montessori education is to help children normalize. Through the design of environment and the operation of teaching AIDS, children can establish a perfect personality step by step. 6. Respect the pace of children's growth Montessori education requires teachers to teach children with different characteristics in accordance with their aptitude according to the process of children's development, and not to engage in "one size fits all" education. 7. Mixed-age education brings children of different ages together, so that younger children can have imitators of different ages, while older children can enhance their knowledge and ability by helping younger children. 8, rich teaching materials and teaching AIDS Montessori's teaching AIDS are very rich, but these teaching AIDS are not tools used by teachers to teach, but materials for children to work. Through these tasks, children can establish a perfect personality from self-repeated operation exercises. 9. Excluding the single reward and punishment system, Montessori teaching respects children and cultivates their budding sense of dignity. 10, explosive teaching results Montessori education respects children's internal needs and allows children to grow up in a timely and moderate manner. It is not easy to detect the results in a short period of time, but it will show the child's inner mental development level in the form of an explosion at some time. Montessori's educational content Montessori's educational content is very extensive. Montessori pays more attention to children's self-centered learning activities, that is, autonomous learning activities, and the cultivation of attitudes and habits towards daily life, because Montessori cultivates a person, a person with a sound personality, who can not only have knowledge, but also know how to be a person, how to treat himself, how to treat others and how to treat society. Montessori education covers the following areas: 1. Daily life practice Daily life practice must cultivate children how to adapt to getting along with others, social life and environment. To be an independent person, a person with personality, he must have the ability to live, so daily life practice not only promotes the development of movement and body, but also cultivates wisdom. 2. Feeling education for children is in a sensitive period of feeling from birth to five years old. In the sensitive period, all kinds of senses are in the most active state, which is the best opportunity and opportunity to improve their sensory ability. Montessori proposed to cultivate emotion fundamentally. When training a feeling, don't involve other senses. Sensory stimuli appear in front of children in an isolated form, so that some of children's senses can concentrate on receiving this stimulus without interference from other sensory stimuli, which is helpful to improve their various sensory abilities. 3. Language education Language development includes the development of spoken and written language. They were all in a sensitive period until they were six years old. Then the development of oral English is naturally acquired by children in the language environment. In the process of natural language acquisition, Montessori especially put forward the "three-stage method" to practice. Let children master some vocabulary; Combining vocabulary with some actions and phenomena is the characteristic of Montessori language education. 4. Mathematics education Montessori's mathematics education is very full, from shallow to deep, and has a wide range of fields. She uses specific teaching AIDS to show the connotation of various mathematics, and it is an intuitive display, laying the foundation for children to learn various mathematics in the future and cultivating their interest in mathematics. Because children who study mathematics through Montessori like learning mathematics very much and have great interest in mathematics. 5, science and culture education Science and culture from people to animals, plants, and then to astronomy, geography, geology, earth, history, time, etc. Most of these are out of children's reach, but Montessori lets them know through teaching AIDS. For example, how do the nine planets form a solar system around the sun? The image of Montessori teaching AIDS intuitively shows their distance from the sun. Who is closest and who is farthest? Whose individual is the smallest and whose individual is the largest? In addition, we should know things from the general to the individual, which is just the opposite of our traditional education. For example, where we live, we must first know the earth, where it is-Asia; Where in Asia-China; Where in China?-Beijing. 6. Art education Art education refers to art and music. In terms of art, Montessori advocates giving children various colors, providing colored pens, paper and related materials and tools, so that children can carry out activities such as painting, bricklaying and handcrafting. However, Montessori does not advocate teachers to teach children deliberately, but let children use these materials automatically and spontaneously, and do whatever he can, instead of imitating anything deliberately. In music education, Montessori believes that music is expressed by singing, percussion instruments and movements. Montessori teaching has always been controversial, but generally speaking, from a commercial point of view, it is still relatively profitable. Because of this, her teaching methods are out of shape because of too much business participation. In fact, Montessori teaching is already a deformed educational method, making money under the guise of Montessori. Montessori teaching method has been controversial in the education field, with the enthusiasm of the older generation and criticism from the younger generation.