China is in the critical period of establishing the socialist market economy system and realizing the strategic goal of modernization. The strength of comprehensive national strength depends more and more on the quality of workers and the quality and quantity of all kinds of talents. 2 1 generation
China needs to develop both knowledge-intensive industries and various labor-intensive industries. China's national conditions and historical stage determine that the requirements for talents in economic construction and social development are diversified, which requires not only high-level innovative talents, but also high-quality workers with innovative spirit and entrepreneurial ability who spread and apply technology in all walks of life. Secondary vocational education shoulders the arduous historical task of cultivating high-quality workers and is an important force to comprehensively promote quality education, improve national quality and enhance comprehensive national strength. All localities and industries must study hard, fully and accurately understand and implement the spirit of the whole church, fully understand the important strategic position and irreplaceable nature of secondary vocational education, and earnestly do a good job in the reform and development of secondary vocational education.
Since the reform and opening up, great achievements have been made in the reform and development of secondary vocational education in China. However, with the establishment of market economy system, the progress of science and technology, the adjustment of industrial structure and the change of labor market, secondary vocational education
The present situation of education can not meet the needs of training high-quality workers and junior and intermediate professionals, nor can it meet the people's growing demand for diversified vocational education. In the field of education and teaching, the concept and training mode of vocational education are relatively backward, and there are some problems in teaching, such as one-sided emphasis on subject system and knowledge infusion, not close connection with production and life practice, insufficient attention to knowledge application, innovative spirit and practical ability training, and weak practice and professional skills training, which make it difficult for students to form skilled vocational skills and adapt to professional changes. These problems restrict the healthy development of secondary vocational education and affect the cultivation of high-quality workers. Therefore, it is an urgent task for secondary vocational education to deepen education and teaching reform and improve education and teaching quality and school-running efficiency.
Two, to further clarify the training objectives and educational system
Secondary vocational education should fully implement the party's educational policy, change educational concepts, establish a new concept oriented to comprehensive quality and ability, cultivate all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique and aesthetics, and adapt to the requirements of socialist modernization.
Develop high-quality workers and junior professionals who have comprehensive professional ability and are in the front line of production, service, technology and management. They should have a scientific world outlook, outlook on life, patriotism, collectivism and socialism, as well as good professional ethics and code of conduct; Have basic scientific and cultural literacy, master the necessary basic cultural knowledge, professional knowledge and relatively skilled vocational skills, and have the ability to continue learning and adapt to professional changes; Have innovative spirit, practical ability and entrepreneurial ability; Have a healthy body and mind; Have the basic ability to appreciate beauty and create beauty.
According to the training objectives of secondary vocational education and the requirements of further rationalizing the academic system in China, full-time secondary vocational school academic education generally recruits junior high school graduates or personnel with equivalent academic qualifications. The basic academic system is 3 to 4 years, mainly 3 years.
Third, actively carry out system innovation and implement flexible teaching system.
Secondary vocational schools should establish a sense of service, actively carry out system innovation, and establish a teaching system that meets the needs of economic construction, social progress and personal development. Actively create conditions for full-time education and part-time education.
Let adult students and students with practical needs work alternately to complete their studies in stages. Further reform the enrollment and student status management system of vocational schools. Where conditions permit, localities and schools can appropriately relax the age limit for enrollment, recruit fresh and previous junior high school graduates in various forms, and allow students who have received other high school education to transfer to secondary vocational schools. To take effective policies and measures, we can recruit students by major categories, and after studying for a period of time, we can determine the professional direction according to students' personal wishes and conditions and employment needs.
Secondary vocational schools should implement the credit system experiment and reform the teaching organization and management system, so that students can choose courses and study time according to social needs and personal interests and conditions. It is necessary to establish inter-school and similar majors.
The mutual recognition mechanism allows students to choose courses across majors and schools. For students transferred from other high schools, their corresponding study experience or credits are recognized.
Fourth, optimize the professional setting and strengthen the professional construction.
Setting up majors scientifically and reasonably is the basic work to realize the training goal and reflect the characteristics of vocational education, and it is also the key link for vocational schools to actively adapt to social needs. The state will, in accordance with economic construction, social development and production
In order to meet the needs of industrial restructuring, a new professional catalogue of secondary vocational schools has been promulgated, and relevant industries have been organized to formulate key professional setting standards and evaluation standards. Education administrative departments at the provincial and local levels should strengthen the guidance and management of specialty settings in various secondary vocational schools in combination with the adjustment of school layout structure, make unified planning and rational layout with the participation of relevant industries, optimize the specialty structure, and improve the utilization rate and overall efficiency of professional education resources. The state and local governments should determine a number of model schools for professional construction and teaching quality through professional evaluation, so as to promote the professional construction of the whole secondary vocational school.
Secondary vocational schools should adhere to the service of regional economic construction and social development, adapt to the needs of technological progress and industrial structure adjustment, and set them reasonably according to the national professional catalogue and basic standards for professional setting, combined with their own school conditions.
Set up a major. It is necessary to adhere to the principle of combining stability with flexibility, focus on running relatively stable backbone majors, strengthen the basic construction of professional experimental practice bases, professional teachers and corresponding teaching documents, form advantages and run characteristics; It is necessary to broaden and adjust the business scope of existing majors and set up new majors or specialties to meet the needs of social and occupational differentiation and changes.
Five, strengthen the curriculum reform and teaching material construction
Curriculum reform is the core task of education and teaching reform. It is necessary to deepen the curriculum reform of secondary vocational education, actively carry out the exploration and experiment of modern curriculum model, especially modular curriculum and comprehensive curriculum adapted to the credit system, and put knowledge into practice.
Knowledge teaching is closely combined with ability training to enhance the flexibility, adaptability and practicality of the course and build a curriculum system that meets the needs of economic construction, social progress and personal development. Establish and improve the mechanism of curriculum development and textbook compilation, and implement the national and provincial (ministerial) two-level planning and two-level examination and approval system. The state organizes the development and compilation of cultural basic curriculum standards and teaching materials that meet the characteristics and requirements of secondary vocational education, and develops and compiles key professional courses, teaching materials and multimedia teaching courseware with vocational education characteristics that reflect new knowledge, new technology, new technology and new methods. All localities and industries should organize the development and compilation of courses and teaching materials with local and industry characteristics according to the actual needs of regional economic and industry development. Secondary vocational schools should, according to the actual needs, update the teaching content in time, develop teaching resources, and compile teaching AIDS and handouts that reflect their own teaching characteristics. Attention should be paid to attracting industry technical experts, teaching researchers and experienced teachers to participate in curriculum development and textbook compilation, and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties. It is necessary to establish a fund-raising mechanism suitable for vocational education curriculum reform and textbook construction. Local governments, departments and schools should increase investment in vocational education curriculum reform and textbook construction.
Sixth, improve and strengthen moral education and improve students' ideological and political quality.
Secondary vocational schools should put ideological and political education in an important position and should not relax or weaken it at any time. Ideological and political quality is the most important quality, and moral education is the main channel to improve students' ideological and political quality, which must be
Further strengthen and improve moral education. Moral education in secondary vocational schools should be guided by Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping Theory, and determine the content and requirements of moral education according to the overall goal of moral education and the law of students' growth, so as to enhance pertinence and effectiveness and highlight the characteristics of vocational education. According to the characteristics of vocational schools and the reality of students, the curriculum and content of moral education in secondary vocational schools should be reformed. Strengthen the education of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, guide students to establish a scientific world outlook and outlook on life, and consciously resist the erosion of ignorant and decadent ideas such as feudal superstition. Carry out education in patriotism, collectivism and socialism, education in democracy, legal system and discipline, cultivate students' patriotic feelings, spirit of unity and cooperation, concept of rule of law and sense of social responsibility, and establish the ideal and belief of building Socialism with Chinese characteristics. It is necessary to further strengthen the education of professional ethics and the idea of hard struggle. Professional ethics education should cultivate students' professional quality, combine industry characteristics and professional ethics norms, and make the educational content concrete. Vocational schools should create conditions, actively carry out vocational guidance and mental health education, and help students form a view of employment and life that meets the needs of the socialist market economy. It is necessary to strengthen aesthetic education, create a good cultural atmosphere, carry out colorful cultural and artistic activities, and cultivate students' ability to appreciate and create beauty.
To further improve the methods and means of moral education, moral education should be closely linked with social reality and students' life reality, pay attention to practical results and overcome formalism. We should make full use of modern educational means to carry out moral education.
More vivid, lively and lively, easy to be accepted by students. Strengthen the reform and construction of moral education textbooks. Encourage and support the majority of moral education teachers to carry out teaching research and exploration practice in the teaching reform.
Seven, strengthen and reform the basic cultural education, improve students' scientific and cultural quality.
Strengthening cultural basic education and reforming the teaching of cultural basic courses are the objective requirements of China's economic, social and educational development for secondary vocational education. Secondary vocational schools should follow the Opinions on Developing Secondary Vocational Schools issued by the Ministry of Education.
Principles and Opinions of Teaching Plan (No.2 [2000] of the Faculty) and relevant regulations, in order to improve students' cultural quality, meet the needs of professional teaching and students' development, provide cultural basic courses necessary for vocational education in senior high school. Secondary vocational schools can offer comprehensive natural science and humanities courses according to their professional needs. Local education administrative departments should adjust measures to local conditions and take effective measures to strengthen the supervision and inspection of the teaching guidance and teaching quality of cultural basic courses in secondary vocational schools. At present, we should not only pay attention to overcoming the tendency of lowering teaching requirements at will and ignoring basic cultural education, but also prevent blindly increasing the proportion of basic cultural education, weakening vocational skills training and unilaterally pursuing counterpart education. Cultural basic education in secondary vocational schools should pay more attention to the cultivation of knowledge application ability, learning ability and experimental ability, and ensure the necessary experimental and social practice links.
Eight, strengthen practical teaching, improve students' professional ability and entrepreneurial ability.
The characteristic of secondary vocational education is to enable students to master the necessary cultural knowledge and professional knowledge, and at the same time have skilled vocational skills and the ability to adapt to professional changes. The teaching content of secondary vocational education should be related to vocational qualification standards.
Adapted to improve students' professional ability. Students who have completed their professional studies and passed the examination will be awarded corresponding vocational qualification certificates. Localities, industries and schools should increase the funds for experimental practice facilities and equipment through multiple channels, effectively strengthen the construction of experimental practice bases inside and outside the school, and strive to meet the standards set by the state. It is necessary to improve the basic standards and norms of practical teaching, strengthen practical courses and teaching links such as experiments, internships and vocational skills training, make careful arrangements, be strict with requirements, and conduct strict examination to ensure that students meet the requirements of professional training objectives. Vocational schools should combine production with teaching, keep close contact with enterprises, encourage students to go deep into production practice, carry out innovative practical activities such as technology popularization and technology innovation, and closely combine teaching activities with technology development, popularization, application and social services. We should conscientiously implement the policy of combining education with social practice, organize students to actively participate in social practice, broaden their horizons and increase social experience. It is necessary to create conditions to offer courses to cultivate students' entrepreneurial and business abilities and enhance students' employability. Commend and reward outstanding students with entrepreneurial spirit and career achievements, and encourage students to start businesses.
Nine, actively improve the teaching and examination methods and means, promote the application of modern educational technology.
Secondary vocational schools should actively adopt new teaching methods and means to meet the needs of economic society, science and technology and production development, realize the effective combination of learning objectives, learning contents, learning methods and teaching media, and improve teaching quality.
Quantity and teaching effect. We should actively explore, summarize and implement teaching methods and teaching organization forms that are conducive to comprehensively improving students' quality and comprehensive professional ability, stimulate independent thinking and innovative consciousness, and cultivate students' ability of independent learning and courage to practice. It is necessary to improve the examination and assessment methods, attach importance to assessing students' ability to solve practical problems by using what they have learned, and establish a teaching quality evaluation system that is conducive to cultivating students' all-round quality and comprehensive professional ability. Secondary vocational schools should actively use modern educational technologies and means to develop and use modern teaching media to meet the needs of teaching. Vigorously improve the level of modernization and informatization of educational technology, speed up the networking construction of teaching information in secondary vocational education, and actively develop modern distance vocational education.
Ten, the construction of high-quality vocational education teachers.
Building high-quality teachers is the basic guarantee for vocational education to comprehensively promote quality education. Teachers in secondary vocational schools should fully implement the party's educational policy, change their educational concepts, and establish a comprehensive quality-based and ability-oriented approach.
Based on the concept, strengthen the consciousness of implementing quality education and pay more attention to the all-round development of students. To strengthen the construction of teachers' morality, teachers should not only teach good books, but also cultivate good people and be teachers in all aspects. It is necessary to comprehensively improve teachers' level of promoting quality education and strengthen the training of professional skills, practical teaching and the application of modern educational technology. It is necessary to strictly implement the teacher qualification system, optimize the structure of teachers, train backbone teachers, increase the proportion of teachers with postgraduate qualifications, pay attention to attracting excellent engineering management personnel from enterprises to teach in secondary vocational schools, and accelerate the construction of a "double-qualified" teacher team with teacher qualifications and professional and technical capabilities. Schools should establish an effective training mechanism, arrange teachers to work or practice in enterprises and institutions in a planned way, and improve the professional skills and practical ability of teachers, especially young and middle-aged teachers. All kinds of vocational schools should actively create conditions and establish incentive mechanisms to reward teachers who have made outstanding achievements in teaching reform. We should strengthen the training of principals and improve the level of principals' management of modern vocational education.
Eleven, strengthen the leadership of teaching reform, pay attention to teaching research.
Promoting quality education in an all-round way and deepening the teaching reform of secondary vocational education are important tasks for the education administrative departments, school principals and teachers. Education administrative departments at all levels must strengthen leadership and establish a market economy.
Promote the economic demand mechanism, formulate policies, take effective measures, mobilize and give full play to the enthusiasm of all parties, establish and improve the education and teaching system, earnestly strengthen the evaluation and inspection of teaching quality, and strive to improve the teaching quality and school-running efficiency of secondary vocational education. Industry authorities should organize forces to play a role in talent demand analysis, vocational education training objectives, professional construction and evaluation standards, teaching content and professional teacher training.
The education administrative department at or above the county level shall establish and improve the teaching and research institutions of vocational education, and equip them with a certain number of full-time personnel to ensure the teaching and research funds. We should give full play to the role of research institutions in teaching research, teaching management, teaching guidance and teaching.
Educational evaluation, teacher training, organization of teaching reform experiments and other functions make teaching and research institutions truly become the guidance centers of vocational education, teaching research and teaching business. Teaching research should proceed from the reality of China, closely combine theoretical research with teaching practice, solve practical problems in teaching work, and actively publicize the achievements of teaching reform.
Schools are the main body to comprehensively promote quality education and deepen education and teaching reform. Secondary vocational schools must adhere to educating people as the center, strengthen the management of teaching process, actively carry out teaching reform experiments and attach importance to the construction of teaching infrastructure.
Increase investment in teaching and create necessary conditions for deepening teaching reform. Teachers' enthusiasm and creativity in teaching reform should be fully mobilized and brought into play. Actively inviting experts from the economic and industrial circles to participate in the management and construction of the school, and establishing and perfecting a mechanism that is compatible with the socialist market economic system is conducive to comprehensively promoting quality education and deepening teaching reform.