First, coordinate phrases.

There is no distinction between words and words, and they are equal.

1, type

(1) Name+Name Culture Education Today or Tomorrow (noun phrase)

(2) verb+verb investigation and research is willing and carried out (verb phrase)

⑶ Form+Form Brilliant and Solemn (adjective phrase)

(4) For me and him (noun phrase)

5] Quantity+quantity in all directions, from generation to generation, three catties and five taels (noun phrase)

Generally speaking, coordinate phrases can be interchanged.

For example: factory, countryside, me, you, him.

However, some coordinate phrases cannot be reversed because they have a certain order.

(1) Time sequence: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

⑵ Order of size: province, city and county

⑶ Age sequence: old, middle-aged and young.

⑷ Logical order: Inherit and develop modern literature and love literature.

Language habits: men, women and children, gold, silver, copper, iron, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar.

Generally speaking, coordinate phrases require the same part of speech, but individual phrases are different.

For example, my sister and I (noun+pronoun) are hardworking, brave and not afraid of hardship (form+form+generation).

Second, some positive phrases

1, front bias and back positive: "bias" modifies and restricts "positive".

(1)set+ China (name, generation), such as: (motherland) the pace of the earth (a flower) camellia (forward)

(2) Form+medium (dynamic and form), such as: [very] beautiful [independent] thinking [slow]

2. Old grammar: "de" is the sign of attribute; "Land" is the sign of adverbial. New Grammar: Unified as "De"

Three. Verb-object phrase

The relationship between verb and object is domination and domination, correlation and correlation. Verb+object. The object answers the verbs "who", "what" and "where".

For example, wipe out the enemy, lay down the burden, throw off the burden, develop production and fight.

Deceive trust, restore calm, make up your mind to be lively and have a pearl-like sense of humor.

Four. Predicate complement phrase

A, verb+complement

The complement in the verb-complement phrase cannot answer the verbs "who", "what" and "where".

For example:

See clearly, go there, pick it up, put it in your head, run fast and walk in a hurry.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) form complement phrase

B, form+complement

When an adjective is the center, there are only complements behind it, because adjectives can't take objects.

The structural auxiliary word "de" is the sign of complement.

Clever and airtight, beautiful

Subject-predicate phrases of intransitive verbs

The relationship between statements and statements. Noun (pronoun)+verb (adjective)

The subject can answer the predicates "who" and "what"; The predicate can answer the subject "how"

Structural form: A+ verb B+ form C+ verb D+ form.

For example:

The consciousness is improved, the mind is liberated, and the sunshine is comfortable.

Special subject-predicate phrase: noun as predicate.

For example:

Today is Wednesday, and tomorrow is National Day. He is of medium build.

Seven, refers to the phrase.

The two parts have the same grammatical status, the same content, the same polysemy, the same structure and the same component in the sentence.

For example:

Professor Wang Hua Luogeng, Dean of Capital Hospital, himself, our students and mother.

Mr. Lu Xun's beautiful words, the feudal ruling class, the landlord and every one of us in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Multi-fingered phrases are nominal, and no function words can be added in the middle; The meaning changed after adding it.

For example:

We fishermen, our fishermen. Some copying phrases can be added with reference phrases, such as: we fishermen, we fishermen.

Eight, positioning phrases

It consists of nouns or verbs plus locative words, indicating place, scope and time.

For example:

Between them in the moonlight of Jinggangshan (noun)

Recycling in Pre-meal Reform (Verb)

On the playground east of the Woods

Under 60 years old and over 30 years old (range)

The meeting was held more than one year after liberation (time)

Nine, quantifier phrases

It consists of numerals or demonstrative pronouns and quantifiers.

1, quantity phrase: one, two Jin, four Li, three times, once, three times, one bowl, two packs.

2. Quantifier phrases: this kind, that kind, this pile, this time, that time.

X. prepositional object phrase

It consists of a preposition followed by a noun, pronoun or noun phrase.

Middle noun phrase, middle noun phrase and middle noun phrase

For example:

Serve the people and tell the masses about classroom discipline from now on.

At dawn, push the door (open the door) according to the regulations.

XI。 The phrase "de"

There are many noun phrases with the attributive auxiliary word "de". You can omit the central word behind them and then form the word "de", which has the same nature and function as other noun phrases.

Type:

This 1, noun+book belongs to my brother.

This book with the pronoun+is mine.

Verb+Now that the living standard has improved, people eat, wear and use much better.

This is a girl skating on the skating rink.

4. Adjective+is red and green is grass.

Twelve, the word phrase "suo"

"suo" is added before the verb to form a noun phrase.

For example:

Everything you think, need, know, remember, hear, do and draw.

The phrase "suo" is generally not used independently.

Exercise:

1. Point out the structure of the following phrases.

The changing law of customs and habits (juxtaposition) (deviation) has a long history (subject-predicate) and renovation (dynamic supplement)

Whispering (juxtaposition) with quick thinking (subject and predicate) forgetting to eat and sleep (juxtaposition) has a good prospect (subject and predicate)

Concentrate (subject and predicate), be honest (subject and predicate), wave (part), a fool moves mountains (subject and predicate)

Running for governor (sports guest) sales plan (positive) colorful (subject) traffic rules (positive)

It's sunny (shoulder to shoulder). I am excited (added). No smoking (supplementary). Efforts (bias).

Standing upright (deviation) happens constantly (deviation) and the atmosphere is warm (subject and predicate).

2. What types of phrases are dominant in the following groups, and what types of phrases are different?

(1) long live the motherland has excellent quality, sunny weather and good ideological quality.

I watched the classroom clean, washed and ironed, and threw it out.

Very good. My schoolbag whispered that chasing the enemy was very lively.

(4) Explain grammar, make it clear, plant corn, make rockets and listen to stories.

5] Writing with a ballpoint pen will inevitably bring us heavy rain (rainstorm) according to our habits.

Investigate and study newspapers and magazines, be healthy, read and write carefully.

3. Compare and judge the types of phrases

Economic development (subject-predicate) has a long history (subject-predicate) Description of scenery (animal-object) Market prosperity (subject-predicate)

The developing economy has a long history (positive) landscape description (positive) market prosperity (positive)

Expressing opinions (verb object) My brother (deviation) China literature (deviation) novel prose (parallel)

My brother and I expressed our views on literature (shoulder to shoulder), novels and essays (shoulder to shoulder).

Comparison between Functional Classification and Structural Classification of Phrases

1, noun phrase

Side by side: culture and education, language and writing.

Deviation: a camellia, a heavy burden.

Compound refers to: driver Lao Wang, mother and daughter.

Orientation: East of the forest, under the moonlight.

Shortage: one or six servings.

The word "de" phrase: school, grocery store.

The word "suo": all that you see.

2. Verb phrases

Side by side: investigate, eat, drink and be merry.

Deviation: Go forward bravely and be sure to go.

Speech object: destroy the enemy and fight.

Nourish: travel and eat your stomach.

3. Adjective phrases

Tied: good and bad, thin and long.

Right: Very beautiful, very tall.

Complementary shapes: much stronger, very good.

4. Subject-predicate and object-object are two independent phrases.

Choose an incorrect (c).

I. Investigation and Research on Defending the Motherland Warm congratulations on keeping quiet (verb phrase)

B, customs review topic Hong Kong, my great motherland (noun phrase)

Magnificent, pleasing to the eye and beautiful, we are happy (adjective phrase)

D, the people's prosperity has made brilliant achievements, the earth shook and houses collapsed (subject-predicate phrase)

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Skills of judging phrase types

Phrases are composed of words, and phrases can be used as sentence components; Most phrases can be changed into sentences with a certain intonation.

Words form phrases, forming certain structural relations and phrase components:

1. coordinate phrase: it is composed of two or more nouns, verbs or adjectives in parallel, and words are combined equally, regardless of weight.

For example: newspapers and magazines, teachers and classmates, majestic, singing and dancing, investigation and research, glorious and arduous.

2. The phrase "Pianzheng" consists of nouns, verbs or adjectives and words that modify and restrict them. Among them, nouns, verbs or adjectives are the head words, words that modify sentences are attributes, and words that modify verbs and adjectives are adverbials. The relationship between attributive, adverbial and head is positive. The attribute is "()", the adverbial is "[]", and the head language is unmarked.

For example: (Chinese) grammar, (motherland) earth.

Believe completely, read carefully, become stronger and become great.

3. Verb-object phrase: consists of a verb and its object. After the verb, the object is the dominant component of the verb, indicating the object, result and place of the action.

For example: having dinner, building a house and living in a cave.

Some verbs (such as "give, send, teach, tell") can take two objects. Such an object is called a double object. What is close to the verb is called the near object, and what is far from the verb is called the far object.

Give me a pen and teach you a song.

4. Supplementary phrase: It consists of verbs or adjectives and complements. Complement plays a complementary role to verbs or adjectives after explaining them. It is suggested that the phrase composed of verbs, adjectives and complements be called supplementary phrases. In this way, complements are divided into two categories, one is verb-complement phrases, and the other is form-complement phrases. The complement is represented by "< >".

For example: washing, turning for a while, hugging, grass-roots activities, sweating, eating too much.

5. Subject-predicate phrase: composed of subject and predicate. The subject comes first, indicating the object of the statement; The predicate follows, indicating the content of the statement. Use "?" Between subject and predicate. Mark, "?" Before the subject and after the predicate.

For example: red flag? Flight, weather? okay

A phrase, a component or every component can also be expanded into a phrase. This kind of phrase contains phrases and becomes complex phrases. Extended phrases can express complex thoughts, feelings or actions, such as:

Charming autumn colors-charming autumn colors-charming autumn colors.

Come in-in a hurry-in a panic.

In addition, prepositional phrases and adverbial phrases are also commonly used.

Guest phrases such as: starting today (starting), coming to see me (coming), getting familiar with the school situation (very familiar), etc.

Words and phrases such as: male (left), red (peony).

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