First, the close relationship between Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism 1. Anyone who knows a little about China's philosophy knows that Neo-Confucianism = Confucianism+Buddhism+Taoism. In the pluralistic composition of Neo-Confucianism, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are not equally divided, but mainly Buddhism. Needless to say, Zhu and other philosophers have criticized Buddhism fiercely, but what he pointed out is mainly the external forms such as monks shaving their hair and dyeing their clothes. However, it absorbed the essence of Buddhism. Buddhism has an extremely developed ontology, and its key words are Buddha nature, body, truth, Tathagata, dharma body, prajna, reality and so on. The famous scientist Wang Jitong (19 10) discovered the differential method of quaternary function in 19 16 and invented electricity. The ultimate truth is just speculation, but Buddhism is a witness. So the gist of Buddhist philosophy, like the gist of modern western philosophy, is several times more accurate than western philosophy. "In the Song Dynasty, Confucianism in the Han and Tang Dynasties, which was characterized by exegesis of chapters and sentences, was rigid, and Neo-Confucianism revolutionized traditional Confucianism with the help of developed Buddhist ontology. The main theoretical forms of Neo-Confucianism are: (1) rationalism-Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Cheng. The basic view is that rationalism is the noumenon of the universe, the essence of things and the foundation of human nature. (2) Psychocentrism-Lu Wang's (Wang Shouren's) mind theory. The basic view is that the heart is the noumenon of the universe, and the key point is to demonstrate that "the heart is rationality". Prove the absoluteness and eternity of the gasification world. It is not difficult to see that the three schools, namely, theory, theory of mind and theory of qi, are all theories about the ontology of the universe, and they are almost copies of some contents of the ontology of Buddhism, but in terms of perfection, they are far from enough. Neo-Confucianism, which gained a dominant position in the Song Dynasty, actually took the ontology of Buddhism as the core and became an out-and-out Buddhist Confucianism. This shows the unprecedented depth and popularity of Buddhism in China society. Since then, the core idea of Buddhism packaged in Neo-Confucianism has exerted a more extensive and profound influence on China society and the psychology of the Chinese nation. 2. Neo-Confucianism Buddhism was popular in the Song Dynasty, and scholar-officials Buddhism was popular in Zen. " Anyone who has heard of the famous virtues of Zen forest goes to great lengths to travel and visit each other. "The representatives of Neo-Confucianism in the Song Dynasty are all related to Buddhism without exception. Yichuan (Cheng Yi) and Huian (Zhu) are both riding horses. "The meditation of Zhengjue Zen Master has become a widely used practice method in Neo-Confucianism. Zhou Dunyi, defined by modern scholars as the originator of Neo-Confucianism, studied under Shouya, a monk of Helin Temple, and sat quietly with Chang Cong (general) in Tuolin Temple, calling himself a "poor Zen guest". Zhou Dunyi also joined Zhao Bian and Pan. These people are closely related to Buddhism, and Zhou Dunyi often invites them to participate in meditation. For example, Zhou Dunyi said in the poem "Don't be Devoted to Zhao Gong in Xiangcheng Temple, Wan 'an": "In my spare time, I often go with the dust, but I still have to send a boat to heaven ... Tell me the ending of your sadness and go to the county building tomorrow." The monks who Zhou Dunyi participated in the study mainly included Lin Dongchang Sect. The Record of Laymen Parting from Lamps contains quotations from three Zen masters: Zhou Dunyi, Zu Xin, Liaoyuan and Changzong ... 2. The popularity of Buddhism in the Song Dynasty. Liang Qichao said: "There is a glorious flame in history, and so is Buddhism. During the hundreds of years from the Six Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty, people with lofty ideals and profound knowledge entered the scope of Buddhism. " Heavyweights continue to give alms, literati and scholars attend Buddha talks and Zen, and ordinary people put on incense cases. Buddhism has always influenced China people's living customs and mentality, and it shows obvious characteristics of secularization and domesticity. Second, after the rise of Neo-Confucianism, how does the relationship between officials and Buddhism compare with the previous dynasty? The relationship between Buddhism and politics in Song Dynasty is quite harmonious, and there has never been any legal dilemma. In the first year of Stegosaurus (960), Song Taizu issued letters. In the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), he ordered the Tripitaka to be engraved, which was the first tripitaka printed in Chinese in China history. This translation activity by ............................................................................................................................ lasted for about 100 years. Song Taizong also wrote a letter asking Zanning, a legalist monk, to write the Biography of Song Monks. Song Zhenzong wrote "On Worship of Buddhism", and in the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu (1009), he issued "Imperial edict on Monks and Taoists", stipulating that every ten boys should have a place to become monks ... In the fifth year of Tianxi (65438+), Keqin was named "Wu Yuan Zen Master" by Song Huizong; After the death of Emperor Gaozong, Song Xiaozong and Pujue named him "Great Wisdom Zen Master". Cao Dongzong monk Daokai was awarded the title of "Zhao Ding Zen Master" by Song Huizong. Tiantai Sect monks are called "Master of Fazhi" by Song Zhenzong and "Master of Ciyun" by Song Zhenzong. Song Qi, a disciple of Cloud Gate, was named Zoroastrianism by Song Renzong. Song Shenzong once invited Zen master Zongben to the palace to talk about Zen. The book "Auxiliary Education" by Song Qi Zen Master has aroused strong repercussions among the scholar-officials. Zhang Shangying and Li Gang, the prime ministers of the anti-gold faction, accepted Song Qi's statement and praised it even more. Qin Zen master Ke talked with the Prime Minister about Hua Yan Jing, calling it "Guan Zhong among monks", which was very appreciated. After the death of Zen master Gaozong, Zhang Jun, a famous minister of the Anti-Japanese War, wrote "Taming" for him ... Let's take a look at Liao and Jin Dynasties, which were about the same period as the Song Dynasty. In 902, Lu Ye Abaoji, the ancestor of Liao Dynasty, founded Kaijue Temple. 1In July, 986, Emperor Shengzong of Liao issued an imperial edict that "Beijing Kailong Temple was completed in January, with 10,000 monks", and then allocated funds to continue engraving Fangshan Stone Scriptures and build additional temples. Daozong also invited Master Xianyan to the palace to discuss Hua Yiyan Li, asked him to give lectures at Kailong Temple in Beijing, and awarded the title of "Tong Yuan Wu Li". The content of the Khitan Tibetan printed in Liao Dynasty is richer than that of the Tripitaka Scripture engraved in Song Dynasty. Emperor Liao Tianzuo put the Classic of Stone in a cave and built a brick tower on it ... Emperor Taizong of Jin introduced Buddhism to the royal family and offered sacrifices to Buddha statues in the inner court. Jin Taizong invited monks to build a pure earth temple in Yingzhou, Shanxi, and also built a temple for the monk Hai Hui in Yanjing. Jin Xizong invited a famous monk, Hai Hui, to Beijing and built a large Chu Qing Temple for him. He also appointed Wu Zhu, a famous lawyer, as a monk in Zhongduyou Street. Yan built Daqingshou Temple in Yanjing. There are 500 monks in Jianqing 'an Temple in Tokyo. Because Sejong's mother, a true queen, became a nun, a buddhist nun was specially built in this temple to increase the pagoda. 1 193, Jin Zhangzong Yan Yanjing personally invited a famous monk from Cao Dongzong to present himself in the inner courtyard, and presented a gorgeous monk's robe and various treasures. Lu Ye is brilliant, a lay disciple of this drama, who was born in the royal family of Liao Dynasty and worked in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties.