Character experience
Early experience Elizabeth was born in Prestia Palace in London on September 7th, 2003. She is the only surviving child of King Henry VIII of England and his second queen anne boleyn. Because her parents were married according to Protestant canon, Catholicism considered her illegitimate daughter. Elizabeth was appointed heir to the throne when she was born, and her half-sister Mary (later Mary I) became her servant. On May 1536, when Elizabeth was three years old, her mother anne boleyn was sentenced to death for treason. Elizabeth was declared illegitimate and changed from "Princess Elizabeth" to "Miss elizabeth tudor". 1537, Henry VIII and his third queen jane seymour gave birth to a boy: Edward (later King Edward VI of England of England). Both Elizabeth and Mary became Edward's servants, but her sister Mary never treated Elizabeth well from childhood to girlhood. When Edward was baptized, Elizabeth gave Edward a white washing dress and smeared holy oil on Edward. 1543, Elizabeth's elderly father Henry finally married catherine parr, who served in the court, as his sixth wife. Queen catherine parr is very kind to two princesses, Mary and Elizabeth. They are well educated and have reliable friends and companions of the same age. Influenced by the Queen, Henry VIII reconciled with his two daughters, Mary and Elizabeth. Elizabeth's teachers include Roger Asquin, a famous English Renaissance humanist. She was educated in classical literature, history, mathematics, poetry and language. She can speak and write six languages: English, French, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Greek. Under the influence of Queen catherine parr and other teachers, Elizabeth became a Protestant. Under the persuasion of Queen catherine parr, 1544, Henry passed the third succession bill, giving Mary and Elizabeth the right to inherit the throne again, which was second only to Prince Edward. But they are still illegitimate daughters. 1547, Henry VIII died and Edward VI of England succeeded to the throne. Because Edward was still young at that time, and the political power fell to the Regent's Council, which was dominated by Protestants trying to make Protestantism the church of England, Elizabeth's position as heir to the throne was relatively stable. However, in 1553, after Edward learned that his life had come to an end, he drew up an "inheritance case" with the parliament in an attempt to prevent the country from falling into Catholic forces again. Edward appointed his cousin Jane Grey (Jane Grey) as the heir to the throne, excluding his half-sisters Mary and Elizabeth. Sister Tan Qiang [xqiá ng]1553 In July, after Edward VI of England's death, Mary I deposed her successor Jane Grey and became the Queen of England. Mary is a devout Catholic. She forced Elizabeth to convert to Catholicism. Although Elizabeth converted to Christianity on the surface, she is still a Protestant at heart. Mary is very dissatisfied with this. /kloc-at the end of 0/553, Thomas Wyatt rebelled in the name of Elizabeth and led the army from Kent to London before being defeated. Although Elizabeth insisted that she was not involved in the uprising, she was still imprisoned in the Tower of London for two months, and then Elizabeth was released, but was placed under house arrest in a manor. In April 1555, Elizabeth was released from prison and summoned to the palace to accompany Mary I who claimed to be pregnant. Mary's pregnancy reaction lasted until July 1555. After her stomach recovered, she was confirmed not to be pregnant. 1558 In March, because Mary I had no children after marriage for a long time, Mary had to accept Elizabeth as her legal heir, and the British Parliament reiterated the arrangement that King Henry VIII stipulated Elizabeth as the heir. Queen crowned1558165438+10/7, Mary I died and Elizabeth succeeded to the throne. Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth I in Westminster Abbey on June 5438+0559+ 10/5, and the Archbishop put Wang Mian on Elizabeth's head. When Elizabeth I ascended the throne, Britain was in a chaotic state of internal religious division. In order to consolidate the rule and relieve the pressure at home and abroad, the Queen adopted a policy of compatibility between Catholicism and Protestantism, which stabilized the political foundation. Successfully maintained the unity of England, and after nearly half a century of rule, England became one of the most powerful and richest countries in Europe. British culture also reached a peak during this period, and many famous figures emerged, including playwright William.
The Queen's religious reform can be divided into three stages: the first stage: Queen Elizabeth created a neutral image for herself: neither Protestant nor Catholic, and used the power of * * * to handle state affairs. The second stage: restore all that religious policies put forward by Queen Mary I before. The third stage: Queen Elizabeth made every effort to make the belief program of the Anglican Church conform to the objective situation at home and abroad at that time, and revised the revised prayer book of Edward VI of England in England in 1552, and ordered it to be enforced among the clergy of all churches in the country, and no one could violate it. Puritanism Movement Although Queen Elizabeth completely revived the state religion in law and re-established the reform achievements of Henry VIII and Edward VI of England in England, this mild and relaxed atmosphere could not really dispel the potential conflicts between various religious opinions and factions. Elizabeth I's religious reform was extremely incomplete, which was more obvious in the later period of Elizabeth's administration. The restoration of Catholicism has been dealt a heavy blow in Britain, and radical Protestantism and Puritans representing the interests of the bourgeoisie are also in a state of being suppressed. The bourgeoisie demanded to continue the religious reform and set off the Puritan movement. The fierce debate and conflict between the Puritans and the English Church lasted from Elizabeth I to James I. During the reign of Elizabeth I, the policy of enlightenment and tolerance made literature and art flourish and humanism spread widely. Shakespeare is the most outstanding representative.
The reign of Elizabeth I was the heyday of the English Renaissance, so it was called the "Elizabethan Age" in the history of literature. This is a period of unprecedented prosperity of English poetry, prose and drama. Literature, especially poetry and drama, has entered a golden age. Elizabeth I, like her father Henry VIII, wrote and translated by herself. She personally translated Horace's The Art of Poetry. Some of Elizabeth's speeches and translations have survived to this day. With Spain becoming the main enemy of British overseas expansion, Elizabeth I connived at British pirates such as Francis to rob Spanish ships and colonies, and sent troops directly to help the Netherlands resist Spanish rule in 1585. 1588, Britain defeated the Spanish Armada in the English Channel and began to step into the ranks of maritime powers. In foreign relations, Elizabeth I adopted a policy of containing France and Spain in the early days, which made Britain less involved in disputes on the European continent and was conducive to strengthening national strength. Queen Elizabeth basically chose the policy of reconciliation with France. The conflict between Britain and Spain came late, but it was fierce, especially in the later period of Elizabeth's rule.