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Relations and differences between educational problems and educational facts and laws.
Generally speaking, there are not only connections but also essential differences between educational problems and educational phenomena, educational facts and educational laws. ① Educational phenomenon is the most extensive generalization of educational activities and the external expression of various educational activities, so it is fleeting and unpredictable. Educational phenomena include educational problems, which do not exist outside educational phenomena, but not all educational phenomena can constitute educational problems. Only when some contradictions in educational phenomena attract people's attention and have research value can they constitute educational problems and become the objects of pedagogy research. ② Educational fact is a summary of the material aspects of real educational activities, which can be observed and counted, and is also relative to "educational value". Educational problems are based on certain educational facts, so that educational problems can be objective rather than subjective, and have the value of scientific research. However, the fact of education itself cannot constitute an educational problem. Only when a certain educational fact and its value attract people's attention and evaluate it can it become an educational problem and the object of pedagogy research. ③ Educational laws refer to the essential, inevitable and internal relations existing in educational activities. The revelation of the laws of educational activities itself is accomplished through the study of one educational problem after another. Education is the door to the law of education.