I. Behaviorism
Behaviorism is a school of psychology, which emphasizes that human behavior is produced through the interaction between learning and environment. This school believes that human behavior can understand the internal psychological process by observing and measuring the externally observable behavior.
Second, cognitivism
Cognitive theory is another main school of psychology, which pays attention to the internal psychological processes such as individual thinking, perception and memory. This school believes that human behavior is based on the processing and interpretation of information.
Third, humanism.
Humanistic psychology emphasizes individual self-realization and self-worth, and pays attention to people's subjective experience and emotional needs. This school believes that people's behavior and psychological problems are caused by the obstacles of individual pursuit of self-realization.
Fourth, psychoanalysis.
Psychoanalysis is a theoretical framework of psychology, which emphasizes the influence of subconscious on individual behavior. This school believes that individual behavior and psychological problems stem from conflicts and desires in the subconscious.
Research methods and techniques of psychology
First, experimental research methods.
Experimental research method is a common research method in psychology, which explores causality by controlling variables. In the experimental study, researchers will randomly assign participants to different experimental groups or control groups and compare the results under different conditions.
Second, the investigation and research methods
The method of investigation and research is often used to collect a large amount of data to describe and analyze phenomena. Surveys usually use questionnaires. Researchers will design a series of questions and then invite participants to answer and collect data.
Third, the case study case
The research method is to gain in-depth understanding and sentiment through in-depth study of individual cases. This method is suitable for studying rare cases or complex psychological processes.
Four. Longitudinal study and horizontal study
Longitudinal study tracks the changes of the same group of people or animals at different time points in order to understand the continuity of development and the way of change. Cross-sectional study compares the differences between different age groups or groups.
Five, neuroimaging technology
Neuroimaging technology is a method to study mental state by measuring brain activity. For example, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can show the activated areas of the brain during specific tasks, which helps us to understand the basis of cognitive function.