Any scientific research should not only use philosophical methods and general scientific methods, but also have specific research methods and technical means. Here are some research methods.
Investigation is a method to collect relevant materials about the actual situation of the research object through questionnaires and interviews, so as to find problems and explore laws. The basic steps are as follows: selecting the survey object → determining the survey object → selecting the survey method → making the survey plan → conducting the survey → analyzing the survey data → writing the survey report.
Literature research method is a research method to find out the essential attributes of things by consulting, analyzing and sorting out literature. Literature includes books and magazines, electronic resources, archives, conference materials, etc. The basic steps are: establishing the subject → collecting the literature → reading the literature and taking notes → analyzing the literature → drawing conclusions and refining opinions.
Experimental method refers to the experimental method of natural science, and adopts "hypothesis-verification" activity in educational practice. The basic steps are: putting forward the research hypothesis → selecting the experimental object → pre-testing → starting the experiment → post-testing → statistically analyzing the test results → writing the experimental report.
Case teaching method is a process of finding out some active educational methods on the basis of understanding, understanding and analysis with specific cases, examples and lessons as the research objects. The basic steps are as follows: establishing a case → presenting the process of the case → analyzing and diagnosing the case → summarizing and drawing inspiration.
Action research method Action research is a reflective research conducted by participants in the social situation (educational situation) in order to improve their rational understanding of social (educational) practice and strengthen their understanding of practical activities and the background on which they depend. Steps: Plan → Action → Observation → Reflection. Action research can be understood as finding a topic from the actual work needs, and conducting research with the participation of practical workers or researchers in the actual work process, so that the research results can be understood, mastered and applied by practical workers, thus solving practical problems and changing social behavior. Do "no action, no research, no research, no action"
Narrative research the so-called narrative research is a research method that grasps the story characteristics of human experience and presents the research results in the form of stories. Its basic steps are: determining the research question → selecting the research object → conducting observation interviews (describing events) → sorting out and analyzing data → writing a research report (teaching reflection).
Narrative research can let teachers see the meaning of common things. By describing what problems they have encountered, how to treat them and how to solve them, let them reflect on their educational life, improve their educational practice and rebuild their educational life in reflection.
It must be noted that in education and scientific research, it is difficult to obtain scientific research results only by using a single method, and each method has its advantages and limitations. Using a single method, only part of the information can be obtained, and many other useful information is omitted, so it is difficult to make a comprehensive and accurate conclusion. Therefore, it is advocated to use one method comprehensively, or to use several methods together, or to study with one method as the main and other methods as the auxiliary. For example, when conducting an investigation, we mainly obtain a large amount of data through questionnaires, but we also need to supplement them with interviews to make the conclusions more reliable and informative.