Confucius' political thought takes "benevolence" as the core. It can be said that "benevolence" is the essence of Confucianism and is also reflected in Confucius' educational thought. "erudite and determined, good at asking questions and thinking, and benevolence is among them." The civilian thought of "benevolence" is the direct source of Confucius' educational thought of "teaching without discrimination". In Confucianism, all beings are equal, and there is no distinction between high and low. Therefore, teaching should not be divided into classes, but should be shared by the whole people.
Confucius opened a private school for the first time, and recruited many disciples, which broke the monopoly of education since the Western Zhou Dynasty, made education no longer restricted by class, politics and other factors, and became an independent activity, which expanded the educated population, created a precedent for ordinary people in ancient China to receive education, improved their knowledge and cultural level, and advocated that "learning to be excellent is to be an official". In addition, the imperial examination system since then enabled ordinary people to have it.
Second, the educational thought with "enlightenment" as the core.
Confucius believes that many disciples are "similar in sex", "excellent in learning makes an official", and "above people, words are ok; Below China people, it is impossible to talk about it. " Everyone's personality and conduct are different, and should not be measured by a unified standard, nor should they be treated by a unified learning method. According to the Analects of Confucius, Luz asked, "What did Si Wen do?" Confucius said, "With my father and brother around, how can I smell and act?" You Ran asked, "Where is Sven?" Confucius said, "Si Wen must do it."
Gong Xihua said: "I also asked Si Wen to do things. Confucius said,' Together with my father and brother, I also asked Si Wen to do things. Confucius said,' Si Wen does things. Red is also confused, dare to ask. Confucius said, "If you want something, you will retreat, so it is human to advance, so you will retreat." Ran asked the same question, but Confucius gave a different answer. It is precisely because Confucius thinks that Ran is timid that he should be encouraged to act bravely, but not rashly. Teachers should understand the different qualities of students in their daily communication, "listen to their words and observe their actions" and "prescribe the right medicine", and carry out different education according to the actual situation of students.
Confucius said, "Don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be angry, don't be angry", which means don't inspire students until they try to understand and can't get it, and don't inspire them until they want to express themselves but can't speak. Confucius pays attention to cultivating students' positive self-thinking. He shouldn't inspire them when he doesn't think hard or want to express his inner thoughts. But when students have the will to think and express, give them appropriate guidance and let them express their ideas as they please. Throughout the Analects of Confucius, Confucius and his disciples all spoke, asking questions and answering questions, and educating them through discussion.
Third, the educational thought of modesty and rigorous style of study with "cautious independence" as the core.
"Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, just knowing." Knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. Correctly treating your mastery of knowledge is the wisdom you should have in learning knowledge. This is not only an attitude towards learning, but also a basic prerequisite for truly acquiring knowledge. Only by clarifying what you don't know can you acquire some knowledge in a targeted way. To treat learning, we should have Confucius' learning attitude, that is, "when we are in a threesome, we must have our teacher" and "learn quickly, be thirsty for knowledge, and be ashamed to ask questions". Admitting one's lack of some knowledge is a kind of respect and desire for knowledge. Only by finding out the limitations and deficiencies of one's own knowledge and seeking truth from facts can one truly acquire knowledge.
Fourthly, the educational thought of being sensitive and eager to learn with "music" as the core.
Relatively speaking, learning is a hard thing. If it is not interest, learning will become a painful thing. Confucius pays attention to cultivating students' conscious interest in learning, and learning will become a happy thing. Confucius said, "Those who know are not as good as those who know, and those who know are not as good as those who are happy."
Confucius believes that people who know how to learn are not as good as those who like to learn, and those who like to learn are not as good as those who regard learning as fun. People who are interested in learning, learning has become an interesting thing, and naturally it is easier to learn knowledge than people who know or like it. If you take learning as a happy thing, and you are interested in it, and you enjoy it, how can you not succeed? Even Confucius himself is a practitioner of learning interest. Confucius said, "I am not born knowing, but I am eager to learn." Then become a knowledgeable person.
Confucius believes that it is necessary to cultivate not only students' interest in learning, but also their attitude in the learning process. The Analects of Confucius wrote at the beginning of "learning first": "Learn from time to time, don't you?" Don't you make people happy by constantly studying and reviewing and really mastering knowledge? "If you can't learn, you are afraid of losing." It also shows a studious learning attitude, and regards learning as catching something, always afraid of not catching up, and catching up is afraid of being dumped. Only by going deep into it and learning knowledge is a great pleasure in life.
meaning
Confucius, as an important thinker and educator in ancient China, summed up his own educational thoughts in his life's educational practice, which is a precious treasure in the history of education in China and shines with the brilliance of educational philosophy everywhere. His educational thought has universal value, which not only had important influence at that time, but also has very important significance today thousands of years later. Studying Confucius' educational thought from realistic problems can help us find reference and inspiration from past practice and theory.